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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    More to the story than executive function: Effortful control soon after injury predicts long-term functional and social outcomes following pediatric traumatic brain injury in young children
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2023
    In:  Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society Vol. 29, No. 4 ( 2023-05), p. 325-335
    Details
    In: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 29, No. 4 ( 2023-05), p. 325-335
    Abstract: To examine the impact of early traumatic brain injury (TBI) on effortful control (EC) over time and the relationship of EC and executive functioning (EF) to long-term functional and social outcomes. Method: Parents of children ( N = 206, ages 3–7) with moderate-to-severe TBI or orthopedic injuries (OIs) rated EC using the Child Behavior Questionnaire at 1 (pre-injury), 6, 12, and 18 months post-injury. Child functioning and social competence were assessed at 7 years post-injury. Mixed models examined the effects of injury, time since injury, and their interaction on EC. General linear models examined the associations of pre-injury EC and EC at 18 months with long-term functional and social outcomes. Models controlled for EF to assess the unique contribution of EC to outcomes. Results: Children with severe TBI had significantly lower EC than both the OI and moderate TBI groups at each post-injury time point. Both pre-injury and 18-month EC were associated with long-term outcomes. Among those with low EC at baseline, children with moderate and severe TBI had more functional impairment than those with OI; however, no group differences were noted at high levels of EC. EC had main effects on parent-reported social competence that did not vary by injury type. Conclusions: Findings suggest that EC is sensitive to TBI effects and is a unique predictor of functional outcomes, independent of EF. High EC could serve as a protective factor, and as such measures of EC could be used to identify children for more intensive intervention.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1355-6177 , 1469-7661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1355617722000315
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2000018-2
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    From Early Childhood to Adolescence: Lessons About Traumatic Brain Injury From the Ohio Head Injury Outcomes Study
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation Vol. 35, No. 3 ( 2020-05), p. 226-239
    Details
    In: Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 35, No. 3 ( 2020-05), p. 226-239
    Abstract: The Ohio Head Injury Outcomes study was a 12-year longitudinal study of early childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI). This article reviewed the findings pertaining to caregiver and family functioning and child cognition, behavior, social competence, emotional functioning, and academics. We further considered individual and social-environmental influences on recovery and interventions. Setting: Recruitment was completed at 3 children's hospitals and 1 general hospital. Participants: Children aged 3 to 7 years at the time of injury with complicated mild to moderate and severe TBI or orthopedic injury requiring hospitalization were included. Design: A concurrent cohort/prospective research design was used. A baseline assessment was completed shortly after the injury. Follow-up assessments were completed at 6, 12, and 18 months and at an average of 38 and 82 months postinjury. Main Measures: At baseline, parents/guardians completed retrospective ratings of their child's behavioral, emotional, and social functioning preinjury. At the subsequent assessments, ratings reflected current functioning. Information about current family and caregiver functioning was collected at each time point and cognitive testing was completed at selected time points. Results and Conclusions: Recovery after TBI is complex, varies over time, and involves injury-related and premorbid influences, cognition, genetics, and caregiver and family functioning. A sizable number of children with TBI have persisting unmet clinical needs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0885-9701
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1097/HTR.0000000000000555
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2053481-4
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Moderating Effect of the Ankyrin Repeat and Kinase Domain Containing One Gene on the Association of Family Environment with Longitudinal Executive Function following Traumatic Brain Injury in Early Childhood: A Preliminary Study
    Mary Ann Liebert Inc ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Neurotrauma Vol. 35, No. 23 ( 2018-12), p. 2796-2802
    Details
    In: Journal of Neurotrauma, Mary Ann Liebert Inc, Vol. 35, No. 23 ( 2018-12), p. 2796-2802
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0897-7151 , 1557-9042
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5388
    Language: English
    Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2030888-7
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impact of Secondary ADHD on Long-Term Outcomes After Early Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation Vol. 35, No. 3 ( 2020-05), p. E271-E279
    Details
    In: Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 35, No. 3 ( 2020-05), p. E271-E279
    Abstract: To examine the impact of secondary attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (SADHD) on long-term global and executive functioning in adolescents after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Setting: Three tertiary cared children's hospitals and 1 general hospital. Participants: One hundred twenty children (TBI: n = 54; orthopedic injury: n = 66) without preinjury ADHD evaluated approximately 6.8 years postinjury. Design: Cross-sectional data analysis from a prospective, longitudinal study. Main Measures: Outcomes included functional impairment (Child and Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale) and executive functioning (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function [BRIEF]). Results: SADHD moderated the association of injury type with the BRIEF-Behavioral Regulation Index ( F 1,113 = 4.42, P = .04) and the Child and Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale ( F 1,112 = 8.95, P = .003). TBI was only associated with poorer outcomes in the context of SADHD. SADHD was also associated with poorer outcomes on the BRIEF-Global Executive Composite ( F 1,113 = 52.92, P 〈 .0001) and BRIEF-Metacognitive Index scores ( F 1,113 = 48.64, P 〈 .0001) across groups. Adolescents with TBI had greater BRIEF-Global Executive Composite scores than those with orthopedic injury ( F 1,113 = 5.00, P = .03). Conclusions: Although SADHD was associated with poorer functioning across groups, its adverse effects on behavioral regulation and overall functioning were amplified following TBI. TBI + SADHD may confer an elevated risk for significant impairments in early adolescence.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0885-9701
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1097/HTR.0000000000000550
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2053481-4
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dopamine-Related Genes Moderate the Association Between Family Environment and Executive Function Following Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: An Exploratory Study
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation Vol. 35, No. 4 ( 2020-07), p. 262-269
    Details
    In: Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 35, No. 4 ( 2020-07), p. 262-269
    Abstract: This study examined whether carrying dopamine-related “risk” genes—either the dopamine transporter (DAT1) 10-repeat allele or dopamine receptor-4 (DRD4) 7-repeat allele—moderated the association of family environment and executive function (EF) following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in early childhood. Methods: Caregivers of children with TBI or orthopedic injury (OI) completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) at postinjury visits. General linear models examined gene by environment interactions as moderators of the effects of TBI on EF at 12 months and 7 years postinjury. Results: At 12 months, we did not find any significant gene by environment interactions. At 7 years, we found a significant 3-way interaction among combined carrier status, level of permissive parenting, and injury type. For children exposed to more optimal parenting, carriers of DAT1 and/or DRD4 risk alleles with TBI showed significantly worse parent-reported EF than carriers with OI. In those with less optimal parenting, carriers and noncarriers with TBI, as well as carriers with OI, showed significantly worse parent-reported EF than noncarriers with OI, with medium to large effect sizes. Conclusions: The findings highlight the importance of considering polygenetic and environmental factors in future studies of recovery following TBI and other injuries in childhood.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0885-9701
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1097/HTR.0000000000000564
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2053481-4
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Recovery trajectories of IQ after pediatric TBI: A latent class growth modeling analysis
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2023
    In:  Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society
    Details
    In: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Abstract: To identify latent trajectories of IQ over time after pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) and examine the predictive value of risk factors within and across recovery trajectories. Method: 206 children ages 3–7 years at injury were included: 87 TBI (23 severe, 21 moderate, 43 complicated mild) and 119 orthopedic injury (OI). We administered intelligence tests shortly after injury (1½ months), 12 months, and 6.8 years postinjury. Latent class growth modeling was used to identify latent subgroups. Separate models examined verbal and nonverbal IQ recovery trajectories following TBI versus OI. Variables included: age at injury, sex, race, socioeconomic status, injury severity, quality of the home environment, family functioning, and parenting style. Results: Both the TBI and OI analyses yielded different growth models for nonverbal ( k = 3) and verbal IQ ( k = 3). Although all models resulted in 3 latent classes (below average, average, and aboveaverage performance); trajectory shapes, contributors to class membership, and performance within each class varied by injury group and IQ domain. TBI severity was associated with class membership for nonverbal IQ, with less severe injuries associated with higher IQ scores; however, TBI severity did not influence verbal IQ class membership. Parenting style had a more prominent effect on verbal and nonverbal IQ within the TBI than OI trajectories. Conclusions: Findings suggest TBI severity is related to recovery trajectories for nonverbal but not verbal IQ and parenting style has stronger effects on recovery in TBI than OI. Results highlight the importance of parental factors on long-term recovery after TBI.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1355-6177 , 1469-7661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1355617723000462
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2000018-2
    SSG: 5,2
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