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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    One Week of Oral Camostat Versus Placebo in Nonhospitalized Adults With Mild-to-Moderate Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Randomized Controlled Phase 2 Trial
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023
    In:  Clinical Infectious Diseases Vol. 77, No. 7 ( 2023-10-05), p. 941-949
    Details
    In: Clinical Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 77, No. 7 ( 2023-10-05), p. 941-949
    Abstract: Camostat inhibits severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in vitro. We studied the safety and efficacy of camostat in ACTIV-2/A5401, a phase 2/3 platform trial of therapeutics for COVID-19 in nonhospitalized adults. Methods We conducted a phase 2 study in adults with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 randomized to oral camostat for 7 days or a pooled placebo arm. Primary outcomes were time to improvement in COVID-19 symptoms through day 28, proportion of participants with SARS-CoV-2 RNA below the lower limit of quantification (LLoQ) from nasopharyngeal swabs through day 14, and grade ≥3 treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) through day 28. Results Of 216 participants (109 randomized to camostat, 107 to placebo) who initiated study intervention, 45% reported ≤5 days of symptoms at study entry and 26% met the protocol definition of higher risk of progression to severe COVID-19. Median age was 37 years. Median time to symptom improvement was 9 days in both arms (P = .99). There were no significant differences in the proportion of participants with SARS-CoV-2 RNA & lt;LLoQ on days 3, 7, and 14. Through day 28, 6 (5.6%) participants in the camostat arm and 5 (4.7%) in the placebo arm were hospitalized; 1 participant in the camostat arm subsequently died. Grade ≥3 TEAEs occurred in 10.1% of camostat versus 6.5% of placebo participants (P = .35). Conclusions In a phase 2 study of nonhospitalized adults with mild-to-moderate COVID-19, oral camostat did not accelerate viral clearance or time to symptom improvement, or reduce hospitalizations or deaths. Clinical Trials Registration. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT 04518410.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1058-4838 , 1537-6591
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad342
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 2
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    Variant-Specific Viral Kinetics in Acute COVID-19
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023
    In:  The Journal of Infectious Diseases Vol. 228, No. Supplement_2 ( 2023-08-31), p. S136-S143
    Details
    In: The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 228, No. Supplement_2 ( 2023-08-31), p. S136-S143
    Abstract: Understanding variant-specific differences in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral kinetics may explain differences in transmission efficiency and provide insights on pathogenesis and prevention. We evaluated SARS-CoV-2 kinetics from nasal swabs across multiple variants (Alpha, Delta, Epsilon, Gamma) in placebo recipients of the ACTIV-2/A5401 trial. Delta variant infection led to the highest maximum viral load and shortest time from symptom onset to viral load peak. There were no significant differences in time to viral clearance across the variants. Viral decline was biphasic with first- and second-phase decays having half-lives of 11 hours and 2.5 days, respectively, with differences among variants, especially in the second phase. These results suggest that while variant-specific differences in viral kinetics exist, post–peak viral load all variants appeared to be efficiently cleared by the host. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04518410.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1899 , 1537-6613
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad314
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 3
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    1063. Female sex and SARS-CoV-2 Serostatus Predict Nasopharyngeal RNA Clearance during Early COVID-19
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  Open Forum Infectious Diseases Vol. 9, No. Supplement_2 ( 2022-12-15)
    Details
    In: Open Forum Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 9, No. Supplement_2 ( 2022-12-15)
    Abstract: Predictors of SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels and changes over time during early COVID-19 are not well characterized. Methods ACTIV-2 is a phase II/III randomized, placebo-controlled, platform trial to evaluate investigational agents for treatment of COVID-19 in non-hospitalized adults. Participants enrolled within 10 days of symptom onset. Nasopharyngeal samples were collected for SARS-CoV-2 RNA testing on Days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 28; RNA was quantified with qPCR assay. SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was defined as detectable IgG to any of nucleocapsid, receptor binding domain, S1 and S2 antigens by Bio-Plex multiplex assay. Censored linear regression and repeated measures Poisson models evaluated predictors of RNA including age, sex, race, ethnicity, risk of severe COVID-19, diabetes, BMI, obesity (BMI & gt; 35 kg/m2) and serostatus. Results The study enrolled 537 participants from Aug 2020 to July 2021 at US sites. Median age was 48 years; 49% were female sex, & gt;99% cis-gender, 83% white, 29% Hispanic/Latino, and 21% had BMI & gt; 35 kg/m2. At Day 0, median symptom duration was 6 days, 50% were seropositive (2 were vaccinated) and 17% had RNA below the lower limit of quantification (LLoQ). Higher Day 0 RNA was associated with shorter symptom duration (Spearman correlation = -0.40, p & lt; 0.001), as well as older age, white race, lower BMI and seronegativity, even when adjusting for symptom duration (all p & lt; 0.03). Among the 203 on placebo with Day 0 RNA ≥ LLoQ, female sex had larger decreases in RNA at Day 3 vs male sex (difference in mean change: -0.8 log10 copies/mL (95% CI: -1.2, -0.4), p & lt; 0.001) when adjusted for symptom duration and Day 0 RNA; this difference was also observed when evaluating the proportion with RNA & lt; LLoQ at Day 3 (Risk Ratio (95% CI): 2.38 (1.11, 5.09)). Seropositivity at Day 0 was associated with higher probability of RNA & lt; LLoQ at Days 3 and 7 (p & lt; 0.001) in adjusted models. Seropositivity at Day 0 did not differ by sex. Conclusion In this well characterized clinical trial cohort, shorter symptom duration, older age, white race, lower BMI and seronegativity were associated with higher RNA in early infection. Female sex and seropositivity were associated with earlier viral clearance. Further research is needed to determine if viral decay differences mediated by these host factors influence clinical outcomes. Disclosures Joseph J. Eron, MD, Adagio Therapeutics: data safety monitoring committee|Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support|Glaxo Smith Kline: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV Healthcare: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support Eric S. Daar, M.D., Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|GSK/ViiV: Advisor/Consultant|GSK/ViiV: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support David A. Wohl, M.D., Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Lilly: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|ViiV: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Grant/Research Support Rachel A. Bender Ignacio, MD, MPH, Abbvie: Advisor/Consultant|SeaGen: Advisor/Consultant Justin Ritz, M.S., Alnylam Pharmaceuticals: Stocks/Bonds Urvi Parikh, PhD, Merck: Advisor/Consultant Judith S. Currier, M.D., MSc, Merck and Company: Advisor/Consultant Davey M. Smith, M.D., M.A.S., BAYER: Advisor/Consultant|Kiadis: Advisor/Consultant|Linear Therapies: Advisor/Consultant|Linear Therapies: Stocks/Bonds|MODEL MEDICINES: Advisor/Consultant|MODEL MEDICINES: Stocks/Bonds|Vx Biosciences: Advisor/Consultant|Vx Biosciences: Stocks/Bonds Kara W. Chew, M.D., M.S., Merck Sharp & Dohme: Grant/Research Support.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2328-8957
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac492.904
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 4
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    Predictors of SARS-CoV-2 RNA From Nasopharyngeal Swabs and Concordance With Other Compartments in Nonhospitalized Adults With Mild to Moderate COVID-19
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  Open Forum Infectious Diseases Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2022-11-02)
    Details
    In: Open Forum Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2022-11-02)
    Abstract: Identifying characteristics associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA shedding may be useful to understand viral compartmentalization, disease pathogenesis, and risks for viral transmission. Methods Participants were enrolled August 2020 to February 2021 in ACTIV-2/A5401, a placebo-controlled platform trial evaluating investigational therapies for mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and underwent quantitative SARS-CoV-2 RNA testing on nasopharyngeal and anterior nasal swabs, oral wash/saliva, and plasma at entry (day 0, pretreatment) and days 3, 7, 14, and 28. Concordance of RNA levels (copies/mL) across compartments and predictors of nasopharyngeal RNA levels were assessed at entry (n = 537). Predictors of changes over time were evaluated among placebo recipients (n = 265) with censored linear regression models. Results Nasopharyngeal and anterior nasal RNA levels at study entry were highly correlated (r = 0.84); higher levels of both were associated with greater detection of RNA in plasma and oral wash/saliva. Older age, White non-Hispanic race/ethnicity, lower body mass index (BMI), SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G seronegativity, and shorter prior symptom duration were associated with higher nasopharyngeal RNA at entry. In adjusted models, body mass index and race/ethnicity associations were attenuated, but the association with age remained (for every 10 years older, mean nasopharyngeal RNA was 0.27 log10 copies/mL higher; P & lt; .001). Examining longitudinal viral RNA levels among placebo recipients, women had faster declines in nasopharyngeal RNA than men (mean change, −2.0 vs −1.3 log10 copies/mL, entry to day 3; P & lt; .001). Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding was concordant across compartments. Age was strongly associated with viral shedding, and men had slower viral clearance than women, which could explain sex differences in acute COVID-19 outcomes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2328-8957
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac618
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 5
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    Statistical Challenges When Analyzing SARS-CoV-2 RNA Measurements Below the Assay Limit of Quantification in COVID-19 Clinical Trials
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023
    In:  The Journal of Infectious Diseases Vol. 228, No. Supplement_2 ( 2023-08-31), p. S101-S110
    Details
    In: The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 228, No. Supplement_2 ( 2023-08-31), p. S101-S110
    Abstract: Most clinical trials evaluating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) therapeutics include assessments of antiviral activity. In recently completed outpatient trials, changes in nasal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA levels from baseline were commonly assessed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) or mixed models for repeated measures (MMRM) with single imputation for results below assay lower limits of quantification (LLoQ). Analyzing changes in viral RNA levels with singly imputed values can lead to biased estimates of treatment effects. In this article, using an illustrative example from the ACTIV-2 trial, we highlight potential pitfalls of imputation when using ANCOVA or MMRM methods, and illustrate how these methods can be used when considering values & lt;LLoQ as censored measurements. Best practices when analyzing quantitative viral RNA data should include details about the assay and its LLoQ, completeness summaries of viral RNA data, and outcomes among participants with baseline viral RNA ≥ LLoQ, as well as those with viral RNA & lt; LLoQ. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04518410.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1899 , 1537-6613
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad285
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 6
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    Long COVID After Bamlanivimab Treatment
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023
    In:  The Journal of Infectious Diseases Vol. 228, No. Supplement_2 ( 2023-08-31), p. S126-S135
    Details
    In: The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 228, No. Supplement_2 ( 2023-08-31), p. S126-S135
    Abstract: Prospective evaluations of long COVID in outpatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are lacking. We aimed to determine the frequency and predictors of long COVID after treatment with the monoclonal antibody bamlanivimab in ACTIV-2/A5401. Methods Data were analyzed from participants who received bamlanivimab 700 mg in ACTIV-2 from October 2020 to February 2021. Long COVID was defined as the presence of self-assessed COVID symptoms at week 24. Self-assessed return to pre-COVID health was also examined. Associations were assessed by regression models. Results Among 506 participants, median age was 51 years. Half were female, 5% Black/African American, and 36% Hispanic/Latino. At 24 weeks, 18% reported long COVID and 15% had not returned to pre-COVID health. Smoking (adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 2.41 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.34– 4.32] ), female sex (aRR, 1.91 [95% CI, 1.28–2.85]), non-Hispanic ethnicity (aRR, 1.92 [95% CI, 1.19–3.13] ), and presence of symptoms 22–28 days posttreatment (aRR, 2.70 [95% CI, 1.63–4.46]) were associated with long COVID, but nasal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA was not. Conclusions Long COVID occurred despite early, effective monoclonal antibody therapy and was associated with smoking, female sex, and non-Hispanic ethnicity, but not viral burden. The strong association between symptoms 22–28 days after treatment and long COVID suggests that processes of long COVID start early and may need early intervention. Clinical Trials Registration NCT04518410.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1899 , 1537-6613
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad286
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 7
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    Phase 2 Safety and Antiviral Activity of SAB-185, a Novel Polyclonal Antibody Therapy for Nonhospitalized Adults With COVID-19
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023
    In:  The Journal of Infectious Diseases Vol. 228, No. 2 ( 2023-07-14), p. 133-142
    Details
    In: The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 228, No. 2 ( 2023-07-14), p. 133-142
    Abstract: SAB-185, a novel fully human IgG polyclonal immunoglobulin product, underwent phase 2 evaluation for nonhospitalized adults with mild-moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods Participants received intravenous SAB-185 3840 units/kg (low-dose) or placebo, or 10 240 units/kg (high-dose) or placebo. Primary outcome measures were nasopharyngeal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA & lt; lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) at study days 3, 7, and 14, time to symptomatic improvement, and safety through day 28. Results Two-hundred thirteen participants received low-dose SAB-185/placebo (n = 107/106) and 215 high-dose SAB-185/placebo (n = 110/105). The proportions with SARS-CoV-2 RNA & lt; LLOQ were higher for SAB-185 versus placebo at days 3 and 7 and similar at day 14, and significantly higher at day 7 for high-dose SAB-185 versus placebo only, relative risk 1.23 (95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.49). At day 3, SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels were lower with low-dose and high-dose SAB-185 versus placebo: differences in medians of −0.78 log10 copies/mL (P = .08) and −0.71 log10 copies/mL (P = .10), respectively. No difference was observed in time to symptom improvement: median 11/10 days (P = .24) for low-dose SAB-185/placebo and 8/10 days (P = .50) for high-dose SAB-185/placebo. Grade ≥3 adverse events occurred in 5%/13% of low-dose SAB-185/placebo and 9%/12% of high-dose SAB-185/placebo. Conclusions SAB-185 was safe and generally well tolerated and demonstrated modest antiviral activity in predominantly low-risk nonhospitalized adults with COVID-19. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04518410.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1899 , 1537-6613
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad013
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 8
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    Validity and Characterization of Time to Symptom Resolution Outcome Measures in the ACTIV-2/A5401 Outpatient COVID-19 Treatment Trial
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023
    In:  The Journal of Infectious Diseases Vol. 228, No. Supplement_2 ( 2023-08-31), p. S83-S91
    Details
    In: The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 228, No. Supplement_2 ( 2023-08-31), p. S83-S91
    Abstract: Time to symptom resolution measures were used in outpatient coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment trials without prior validation. Methods ACTIV-2/A5401 trial participants completed a COVID-19 diary assessing 13 targeted symptoms and global experience (overall COVID-19 symptoms, return to pre–COVID-19 health) daily for 29 days. We evaluated concordance of time to sustained (2 days) resolution of all targeted symptoms (TSR) with resolution of overall symptoms and return to health in participants receiving placebo. Results The analysis included 77 high-risk and 81 standard-risk participants with overall median 6 days of symptoms at entry and median age 47 years, 50% female, 82% white, and 31% Hispanic/Latino. Correlation between TSR and resolution of overall symptoms was 0.80 and 0.68, and TSR and return to health, 0.66 and 0.57 for high- and standard-risk groups, respectively. Of the high- and standard-risk participants, 61% and 79%, respectively, achieved targeted symptom resolution, of which 47% and 43%, respectively, reported symptom recurrence. Requiring & gt;2 days to define sustained resolution reduced the frequency of recurrences. Conclusions There was good internal consistency between TSR and COVID-19–specific global outcomes, supporting TSR as a trial end point. Requiring & gt;2 days of symptom resolution better addresses natural symptom fluctuations but must be balanced against the potential influence of non-COVID-19 symptoms. Clinical Trials Registration NCT04518410.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1899 , 1537-6613
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad300
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 9
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    Nasal and Plasma Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 RNA Levels Are Associated With Timing of Symptom Resolution in the ACTIV-2 Trial of Nonhospitalized Adults With Coronavirus Disease 2019
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023
    In:  Clinical Infectious Diseases Vol. 76, No. 4 ( 2023-02-18), p. 734-737
    Details
    In: Clinical Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 76, No. 4 ( 2023-02-18), p. 734-737
    Abstract: Acute Coronavirus Disease 2019 symptoms limit daily activities, but little is known about its association with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 viral burden. In this exploratory analysis of placebo recipients in the ACTIV-2/A5401 platform trial, we showed that high anterior nasal RNA levels and detectable plasma RNA were associated with delayed symptom improvement. Clinical Trials Registration. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04518410.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1058-4838 , 1537-6591
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac818
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 10
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    881. Nasal and Plasma SARS-CoV-2 RNA Levels Predict Timing of Symptom Resolution in the ACTIV-2 Trial of Non-hospitalized Adults with COVID-19
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  Open Forum Infectious Diseases Vol. 9, No. Supplement_2 ( 2022-12-15)
    Details
    In: Open Forum Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 9, No. Supplement_2 ( 2022-12-15)
    Abstract: Symptoms during acute COVID-19 can limit daily activities and delay return to work and school. Little is known about the association between SARS-CoV-2 burden in either the upper airway or plasma and the duration of COVID-19 symptoms. Methods ACTIV-2/A5401 is a platform trial for COVID-19 treatments in non-hospitalized symptomatic adults enrolled within 10 days of symptom onset. We included participants randomized to placebo from August 2020 to July 2021. Participants self-reported severity of 13 symptoms daily from day 0 (baseline) to 28 as Absent 0, Mild 1, Moderate 2, Severe 3; total symptom score was calculated as the sum of all scores. Anterior nasal (AN) and plasma SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels at day 0 were measured with a quantitative qPCR assay. The relationship between day 0 RNA and time to symptom improvement or resolution (first of 2 consecutive days of all symptoms improved or resolved from day 0, respectively) was evaluated using proportional hazards regression adjusted for time from symptom onset. Time to resolution of distinct symptoms was also assessed. Results Among 570 participants randomized to placebo, median age was 48 years, 51% were female, and median time since symptom onset at baseline was 6 days; 7% had prior COVID-19 vaccination. At day 0, AN RNA was detectable in 80% with a median of 4.1 log10 copies/ml (n=533, quartiles: 1.7, 6.0) and plasma RNA was detectable in 19% (91/476). Detectable plasma RNA at day 0, but not AN RNA, was associated with more severe symptoms at day 0 (2.4-point higher mean total symptom score, P=0.001). Both high AN (≥6 vs & lt; 2 log10 copies/ml, adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.63, P=0.001) and detectable plasma RNA (aHR 0.74, P=0.03) at day 0 predicted delayed symptom improvement. High AN RNA at day 0 also predicted a delay in symptom resolution (aHR 0.59, P=0.001). Both high AN RNA and detectable plasma RNA levels predicted delays in the resolution of cough and shortness of breath. Detectable plasma RNA also predicted delayed body pain resolution. Conclusion COVID-19 outpatients with high AN or detectable plasma SARS-CoV-2 RNA at day 0 are more likely to have prolonged symptoms, particularly respiratory symptoms. Additional studies are needed to determine whether the decline in viral load with early treatment impacts symptom duration. Disclosures Kara W. Chew, M.D., M.S., Merck Sharp & Dohme: Grant/Research Support|Pardes Bioscences: Advisor/Consultant Joseph J. Eron, MD, GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant Eric S. Daar, M.D., Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Grant/Research Support David A. Wohl, M.D., Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Lilly: Grant/Research Support|ViiV: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Grant/Research Support Judith S. Currier, M.D., MSc, Merck: Advisor/Consultant Davey M. Smith, M.D., M.A.S., Arena Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|Bayer Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|Brio Clinical.: Advisor/Consultant|Fluxergy: Advisor/Consultant|Kiadis: Advisor/Consultant|Linear Therapies: Advisor/Consultant|Matrix BioMed: Advisor/Consultant|Model Medicines: Advisor/Consultant|Signant Health: Advisor/Consultant|VxBiosciences: Advisor/Consultant Jonathan Z. Li, MD, MMSc, Abbvie: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2328-8957
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac492.074
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
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