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  • 1
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    Abstract P234: Associations Between Sedentary Time With Physical Activity and Sarcopenia in the Oldest-Old Adults: The Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2023
    In:  Circulation Vol. 147, No. Suppl_1 ( 2023-02-28)
    Details
    In: Circulation, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 147, No. Suppl_1 ( 2023-02-28)
    Abstract: The oldest-old adults (aged 80+ years) are most impacted by sarcopenia, a progressive loss of muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance. Physical activity (PA) can slow progression of sarcopenia. However, this population is highly sedentary due to physical limitations and comorbidities. Replacing sedentary time (ST) with light-intensity physical activity (LPA) or small amounts of moderate to vigorous activity (MVPA) may be beneficial and feasible. We hypothesized that replacing ST with LPA or MVPA would be associated with a lower likelihood of developing sarcopenia. Methods: We used cross-sectional data (n=155, age 88.3±2.6 years) collected at the year 16 visit (2012-2014). Participants wore a hip-worn ActiGraph GT3X+ during waking hours for 7 days. Physical behaviors were quantified as minutes per day (min/d) in ST (0-99 counts per minute, cpm), low LPA (100-759 cpm), High LPA (760-1040 cpm), and MVPA (1041+ cpm). We defined probable sarcopenia using hand-grip strength cut points (males 〈 27 kg; females 〈 16 kg). Logistic regression and isotemporal substitution models were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Isotemporal substitution estimated the hypothetical effect of substituting ST with one standard deviation (SD) of respective PA categories. Results: MVPA was associated with lower odds of probable sarcopenia in the single model (OR=0.50, 95% CI: 0.27-0.83) and partition model (OR=0.35, 95% CI:0.15-0.83). In the substitution model, replacing ST with 13 min/d (1 SD) of MVPA was significantly associated with lower odds of probable sarcopenia (OR = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.15 - 0.83). There were no significant associations with LPA (Table 1). Conclusion: Findings suggest that even a modest increment of time spent in MVPA could reduce the likelihood of developing sarcopenia. Alternatively, findings could reflect the impact of sarcopenia on capacity to engage in MVPA. Confirmation of the direction of the association will require examination of these relationships over time.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-7322 , 1524-4539
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1161/circ.147.suppl_1.P234
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1466401-X
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  • 2
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    Joint associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time with all-cause mortality: a harmonised meta-analysis in more than 44 000 middle-aged and older individuals
    BMJ ; 2020
    In:  British Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 54, No. 24 ( 2020-12), p. 1499-1506
    Details
    In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, BMJ, Vol. 54, No. 24 ( 2020-12), p. 1499-1506
    Abstract: To examine the joint associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time with all-cause mortality. Methods We conducted a harmonised meta-analysis including nine prospective cohort studies from four countries. 44 370 men and women were followed for 4.0 to 14.5 years during which 3451 participants died (7.8% mortality rate). Associations between different combinations of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time were analysed at study level using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and summarised using random effects meta-analysis. Results Across cohorts, the average time spent sedentary ranged from 8.5 hours/day to 10.5 hours/day and 8 min/day to 35 min/day for MVPA. Compared with the referent group (highest physical activity/lowest sedentary time), the risk of death increased with lower levels of MVPA and greater amounts of sedentary time. Among those in the highest third of MVPA, the risk of death was not statistically different from the referent for those in the middle (16%; 95% CI 0.87% to 1.54%) and highest (40%; 95% CI 0.87% to 2.26%) thirds of sedentary time. Those in the lowest third of MVPA had a greater risk of death in all combinations with sedentary time; 65% (95% CI 1.25% to 2.19%), 65% (95% CI 1.24% to 2.21%) and 263% (95% CI 1.93% to 3.57%), respectively. Conclusion Higher sedentary time is associated with higher mortality in less active individuals when measured by accelerometry. About 30–40 min of MVPA per day attenuate the association between sedentary time and risk of death, which is lower than previous estimates from self-reported data.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0306-3674 , 1473-0480
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-103270
    Language: English
    Publisher: BMJ
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2003204-3
    SSG: 31
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  • 3
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    Device-measured physical activity, adiposity and mortality: a harmonised meta-analysis of eight prospective cohort studies
    BMJ ; 2022
    In:  British Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 56, No. 13 ( 2022-07), p. 725-732
    Details
    In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, BMJ, Vol. 56, No. 13 ( 2022-07), p. 725-732
    Abstract: The joint associations of total and intensity-specific physical activity with obesity in relation to all-cause mortality risk are unclear. Methods We included 34 492 adults (72% women, median age 62.1 years, 2034 deaths during follow-up) in a harmonised meta-analysis of eight population-based prospective cohort studies with mean follow-up ranging from 6.0 to 14.5 years. Standard body mass index categories were cross-classified with sample tertiles of device-measured total, light-to-vigorous and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary time. In five cohorts with waist circumference available, high and low waist circumference was combined with tertiles of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Results There was an inverse dose–response relationship between higher levels of total and intensity-specific physical activity and mortality risk in those who were normal weight and overweight. In individuals with obesity, the inverse dose–response relationship was only observed for total physical activity. Similarly, lower levels of sedentary time were associated with lower mortality risk in normal weight and overweight individuals but there was no association between sedentary time and risk of mortality in those who were obese. Compared with the obese-low total physical activity reference, the HRs were 0.59 (95% CI 0.44 to 0.79) for normal weight-high total activity and 0.67 (95% CI 0.48 to 0.94) for obese-high total activity. In contrast, normal weight-low total physical activity was associated with a higher risk of mortality compared with the obese-low total physical activity reference (1.28; 95% CI 0.99 to 1.67). Conclusions Higher levels of physical activity were associated with lower risk of mortality irrespective of weight status. Compared with obesity-low physical activity, there was no survival benefit of being normal weight if physical activity levels were low.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0306-3674 , 1473-0480
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104827
    Language: English
    Publisher: BMJ
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2003204-3
    SSG: 31
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  • 4
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    Daily steps and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis of 15 international cohorts
    Elsevier BV ; 2022
    In:  The Lancet Public Health Vol. 7, No. 3 ( 2022-03), p. e219-e228
    Details
    In: The Lancet Public Health, Elsevier BV, Vol. 7, No. 3 ( 2022-03), p. e219-e228
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2468-2667
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00302-9
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2917200-7
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  • 5
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    Joint association between accelerometry-measured daily combination of time spent in physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep and all-cause mortality: a pooled analysis of six prospective cohorts using compositional analysis
    BMJ ; 2021
    In:  British Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 55, No. 22 ( 2021-11), p. 1277-1285
    Details
    In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, BMJ, Vol. 55, No. 22 ( 2021-11), p. 1277-1285
    Abstract: To examine the joint associations of daily time spent in different intensities of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep with all-cause mortality. Methods Federated pooled analysis of six prospective cohorts with device-measured time spent in different intensities of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep following a standardised compositional Cox regression analysis. Participants 130 239 people from general population samples of adults (average age 54 years) from the UK, USA and Sweden. Main outcome All-cause mortality (follow-up 4.3–14.5 years). Results Studies using wrist and hip accelerometer provided statistically different results (I 2 =92.2%, Q-test p 〈 0.001). There was no association between duration of sleep and all-cause mortality, HR=0.96 (95% CI 0.67 to 1.12). The proportion of time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity was significantly associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR=0.63 (95% CI 0.55 to 0.71) wrist; HR=0.93 (95% CI 0.87 to 0.98) hip). A significant association for the ratio of time spent in light physical activity and sedentary time was only found in hip accelerometer-based studies (HR=0.5, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.62). In studies based on hip accelerometer, the association between moderate to vigorous physical activity and mortality was modified by the balance of time spent in light physical activity and sedentary time. Conclusion This federated analysis shows a joint dose–response association between the daily balance of time spent in physical activity of different intensities and sedentary behaviour with all-cause mortality, while sleep duration does not appear to be significant. The strongest association is with time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity, but it is modified by the balance of time spent in light physical activity relative to sedentary behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0306-3674 , 1473-0480
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-102345
    Language: English
    Publisher: BMJ
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2003204-3
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  • 6
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    Step-Based Metrics and Overall Physical Activity in Children With Overweight or Obesity: Cross-Sectional Study
    JMIR Publications Inc. ; 2020
    In:  JMIR mHealth and uHealth Vol. 8, No. 4 ( 2020-4-28), p. e14841-
    Details
    In: JMIR mHealth and uHealth, JMIR Publications Inc., Vol. 8, No. 4 ( 2020-4-28), p. e14841-
    Abstract: Best-practice early interventions to increase physical activity (PA) in children with overweight and obesity should be both feasible and evidence based. Walking is a basic human movement pattern that is practical, cost-effective, and does not require complex movement skills. However, there is still a need to investigate how much walking—as a proportion of total PA level—is performed by children who are overweight and obese in order to determine its utility as a public health strategy. Objective This study aimed to (1) investigate the proportion of overall PA indicators that are explained by step-based metrics and (2) study step accumulation patterns relative to achievement of public health recommendations in children who are overweight and obese. Methods A total of 105 overweight and obese children (mean 10.1 years of age [SD 1.1]; 43 girls) wore hip-worn accelerometers for 7 days. PA volumes were derived using the daily average of counts per 15 seconds, categorized using standard cut points for light-moderate-vigorous PA (LMVPA) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). Derived step-based metrics included volume (steps/day), time in cadence bands, and peak 1-minute, 30-minute, and 60-minute cadences. Results Steps per day explained 66%, 40%, and 74% of variance for counts per 15 seconds, LMVPA, and MVPA, respectively. The variance explained was increased up to 80%, 92%, and 77% by including specific cadence bands and peak cadences. Children meeting the World Health Organization recommendation of 60 minutes per day of MVPA spent less time at zero cadence and more time in cadence bands representing sporadic movement to brisk walking (ie, 20-119 steps/min) than their less-active peers. Conclusions Step-based metrics, including steps per day and various cadence-based metrics, seem to capture a large proportion of PA for children who are overweight and obese. Given the availability of pedometers, step-based metrics could be useful in discriminating between those children who do or do not achieve MVPA recommendations. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02295072; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02295072
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2291-5222
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2196/14841
    Language: English
    Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 7
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    Study of Longitudinal Aging in Mice: Presentation of Experimental Techniques
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2021
    In:  The Journals of Gerontology: Series A Vol. 76, No. 4 ( 2021-03-31), p. 552-560
    Details
    In: The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 76, No. 4 ( 2021-03-31), p. 552-560
    Abstract: Aging is associated with functional and metabolic decline and is a risk factor for all noncommunicable diseases. Even though mice are routinely used for modeling human aging and aging-related conditions, no comprehensive assessment to date has been conducted on normative mouse aging. To address this gap, the Study of Longitudinal Aging in Mice (SLAM) was designed and implemented by the National Institute on Aging (NIA/NIH) as the mouse counterpart to the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). In this manuscript, we describe the premise, study design, methodologies, and technologies currently employed in SLAM. We also discuss current and future study directions. In this large population mouse study, inbred C57BL/6J and outbred UM-HET3 mice of both sexes are longitudinally evaluated for functional, phenotypic, and biological health, and collection of biospecimens is conducted throughout their life span. Within the longitudinal cohorts, a cross-sectional arm of the study has also been implemented for the well-controlled collection of tissues to generate a biorepository. SLAM and studies stemming from SLAM seek to identify and characterize phenotypic and biological predictors of mouse aging and age-associated conditions, examine the degrees of functional and biomolecular variability that occur within inbred and genetically heterogeneous mouse populations with age, and assess whether these changes are consistent with alterations observed in human aging in BLSA. The findings from these studies will be critical for evaluating the utility of mouse models for studying different aspects of aging, both in terms of interpreting prior findings and designing and implementing future studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1079-5006 , 1758-535X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa285
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2043927-1
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  • 8
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    Physical inactivity and non-communicable disease burden in low-income, middle-income and high-income countries
    BMJ ; 2022
    In:  British Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 56, No. 2 ( 2022-01), p. 101-106
    Details
    In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, BMJ, Vol. 56, No. 2 ( 2022-01), p. 101-106
    Abstract: Physical inactivity is a risk factor for premature mortality and several non-communicable diseases. The purpose of this study was to estimate the global burden associated with physical inactivity, and to examine differences by country income and region. Methods Population-level, prevalence-based population attributable risks (PAR) were calculated for 168 countries to estimate how much disease could be averted if physical inactivity were eliminated. We calculated PARs (percentage of cases attributable to inactivity) for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality and non-communicable diseases including coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dementia, depression and cancers of the bladder, breast, colon, endometrium, oesophagus, stomach and kidney. Results Globally, 7.2% and 7.6% of all-cause and cardiovascular disease deaths, respectively, are attributable to physical inactivity. The proportions of non-communicable diseases attributable to physical inactivity range from 1.6% for hypertension to 8.1% for dementia. There was an increasing gradient across income groups; PARs were more than double in high-income compared with low-income countries. However, 69% of total deaths and 74% of cardiovascular disease deaths associated with physical inactivity are occurring in middle-income countries, given their population size. Regional differences were also observed, with the PARs occurring in Latin America/Caribbean and high-income Western and Asia-Pacific countries, and the lowest burden occurring in Oceania and East/Southeast Asia. Conclusion The global burden associated with physical inactivity is substantial. The relative burden is greatest in high-income countries; however, the greatest number of people (absolute burden) affected by physical inactivity are living in middle-income countries given the size of their populations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0306-3674 , 1473-0480
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-103640
    Language: English
    Publisher: BMJ
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2003204-3
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  • 9
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    Cohort profile: the Women’s Health Accelerometry Collaboration
    BMJ ; 2021
    In:  BMJ Open Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2021-11), p. e052038-
    Details
    In: BMJ Open, BMJ, Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2021-11), p. e052038-
    Abstract: This paper describes the Women’s Health Accelerometry Collaboration, a consortium of two prospective cohort studies of women age 62 years or older, harmonised to explore the association of accelerometer-assessed physical activity and sedentary behaviour with cancer incidence and mortality. Participants A total of 23 443 women (age mean 73.4, SD 6.8) living in the USA and participating in an observational study were included; 17 061 from the Women’s Health Study (WHS) and 6382 from the Women’s Health Initiative Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health (WHI/OPACH) Study. Findings to date Accelerometry, cancer outcomes and covariate harmonisation was conducted to align the two cohort studies. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour were measured using similar procedures with an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer, worn at the hip for 1 week, during 2011–2014 for WHS and 2012–2014 for WHI/OPACH. Cancer outcomes were ascertained via ongoing surveillance using physician adjudicated cancer diagnosis. Relevant covariates were measured using questionnaire or physical assessments. Among 23 443 women who wore the accelerometer for at least 10 hours on a single day, 22 868 women wore the accelerometer at least 10 hours/day on ≥4 of 7 days. The analytical sample (n=22 852) averaged 4976 (SD 2669) steps/day and engaged in an average of 80.8 (SD 46.5) min/day of moderate-to-vigorous, 105.5 (SD 33.3) min/day of light high and 182.1 (SD 46.1) min/day of light low physical activity. A mean of 8.7 (SD 1.7) hours/day were spent in sedentary behaviour. Overall, 11.8% of the cohort had a cancer diagnosis (other than non-melanoma skin cancer) at the time of accelerometry measurement. During an average of 5.9 (SD 1.6) years of follow-up, 1378 cancer events among which 414 were fatal have occurred. Future plans Using the harmonised cohort, we will access ongoing cancer surveillance to quantify the associations of physical activity and sedentary behaviour with cancer incidence and mortality.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2044-6055 , 2044-6055
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052038
    Language: English
    Publisher: BMJ
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2599832-8
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  • 10
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    Abstract 069: Sporadic Step Accumulation And All-cause Mortality In The Women’S Health Study: Do All Steps Count?
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2021
    In:  Circulation Vol. 143, No. Suppl_1 ( 2021-05-25)
    Details
    In: Circulation, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 143, No. Suppl_1 ( 2021-05-25)
    Abstract: Background: With the popularity of step counting and feasibility of accumulating physical activity (PA) through sporadic spurts (e.g., taking the stairs), the 2018 PA Guidelines Committee called for research to inform step-based PA recommendations by quantifying relationships between patterns of stepping and health. Purpose: To examine the relationship between daily steps accumulated outside of “bouts” (sporadic steps/d) and all-cause mortality, before and after accounting for bouted steps/d. Methods: From 2011-2015, 16,732 women (mean 72 [standard deviation 6] years) wore a hip-worn accelerometer for 7 days to assess steps and met wear time criteria. Stepping bouts were defined as ≥10 consecutive minutes at ≥40 steps/min (purposeful stepping or faster), allowing for ≤20% of time and ≤5 mins at 〈 40 steps/min. Total steps/d were partitioned into steps accrued outside of bouts (sporadic steps/d; SS) and in bouts (bouted steps/d; BS). We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality through Dec 31, 2019 using Cox proportional hazard models fitted to SS in quartiles and using restricted cubic splines. Analyses were adjusted for covariates and repeated with further adjustment for BS, categorized as 0, 1-2000, and 〉 2000 steps/d in bouts. Results: Adjusted HRs (95% confidence intervals) in increasing quartiles of SS were 1.00 (reference); 0.63 (0.52, 0.76); 0.60 (0.49, 0.74); 0.54 (0.42, 0.70). In spline analyses, initial increases in SS corresponded to the greatest mortality reductions (Figure 1), with HRs of 0.69 (0.64, 0.76) per additional 1000 SS below 3200. After further adjusting for BS, initial 1000 steps/d increases in SS were association with HRs of 0.72 (0.66, 0.78). In increasing categories of BS, HRs adjusted for SS were 1.00 (reference); 0.91 (0.76, 1.09); 0.69 (0.56, 0.84). Conclusion: Daily step counts were inversely associated with mortality, regardless of how they were accumulated. These results can help inform step-based target PA volumes that communicate the benefits of increasing everyday walking behaviors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-7322 , 1524-4539
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1161/circ.143.suppl_1.069
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2021
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