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  • Scholtz, Clarke H.  (4)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Taxonomic review of the tribe Sisyphini sensu stricto (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) in southern Africa, including new species descriptions
    Brill ; 2020
    In:  Insect Systematics & Evolution Vol. 51, No. 1 ( 2020-12-20), p. 1-61
    Details
    In: Insect Systematics & Evolution, Brill, Vol. 51, No. 1 ( 2020-12-20), p. 1-61
    Abstract: The tribe Sisyphini sensu stricto Mulsant, 1842 comprises only three genera, the widespread Sisyphus Latreille, 1807 and Neosisyphus Müller, 1942, and the Mauritius endemic, Nesosisyphus Vinson, 1946. In southern Africa, Sisyphus and Neosisyphus are represented by five species groups in each genus. Together, they comprise a total of 33 valid species, of which six are new: Sisyphus auricomus sp. n; Sisyphus australis sp. n ; Sisyphus bicuariensis sp. n ; Sisyphus inconspicuus sp. n ; Sisyphus swazi sp. n ; and Neosisyphus tembyi sp. n . A further Southern African species, Sisyphus crispatus Gory, 1833, is proposed as a nomen dubium. Sisyphus natalensis Balthasar, 1968 ( syn. n ), and Sisyphus bornemisszanus Endrödi, 1983 (pars) ( syn. n ) are made synonyms of Sisyphus sordidus Boheman, 1857. Lectotypes and paralectotypes are designated for Sisyphus costatus (Thunberg, 1818); Sisyphus seminulum Gerstaecker, 1871; Sisyphus nanniscus Péringuey, 1901; Sisyphus transvaalensis Péringuey 1901; Neosisyphus spinipes (Thunberg, 1818) and Neosisyphus barbarossa (Wiedemann, 1823). Diagnoses, photographs of habitus and male genitalia, lists of examined material and distribution maps are presented for all species. An identification key to the southern African sisyphine species is provided.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1399-560X , 1876-312X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1163/1876312X-00002195
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Brill
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2495879-7
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Soil type, vegetation cover and temperature determinants of the diversity and structure of dung beetle assemblages in a South African open woodland and closed canopy mosaic
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Austral Ecology Vol. 47, No. 1 ( 2022-02), p. 79-91
    Details
    In: Austral Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 47, No. 1 ( 2022-02), p. 79-91
    Abstract: Os padrões biogeográficos regionais resultam de uma combinação complexa de habitats, clima e variáveis ambientais. Variáveis bióticas e abióticas influenciam fortemente os padrões de diversidade e distribuição espacial. No entanto, poucos trabalhos analisam a interação e o efeito das variáveis ambientais na diversidade numa escala espacial e temporal fina. Nesse trabalho, avaliamos a influência do tipo de solo, cobertura da vegetação e temperatura na diversidade e estrutura funcional de uma assembleia de besouros rola‐bostas. As espécies de besouros rola‐bostas foram coletadas usando armadilhas de queda iscadas com fezes de bovinos em solos arenosos e argilosos em vegetação aberta e fechada na Reserva de Mkhuze, KwaZulu‐Natal, África do Sul. Usamos PERMANOVA, PERMDISP e NMDS para analisar a diferença na composição das espécies entre os tipos de solos e tipos vegetacionais. Para testar o efeito de variáveis ambientais sobre a riqueza das espécies e abundância utilizamos modelos generalizados de quadrados mínimos. Por último, usamos a análise bipartida para avaliar a modularidade potencial da rede. Foram coletados 1439 espécimes pertencentes a 27 espécies e 13 gêneros. A composição das espécies diferiu entre as variáveis ambientais. O tipo de solo foi o fator mais importante para as mudanças na composição das espécies de besouro rola‐bostas. A riqueza e abundância de espécies foram influenciadas pela interação entre o tipo de solo e a cobertura vegetal. A combinação de preferências microambientais potencialmente influenciou a diversidade da assembleia de besouros rola‐bostas e a estrutura funcional. A combinação de todas essas preferências pode atuar como um mecanismo de diluição da competição interespecífica em condições de habitat saturado, reduzindo o número de espécies que potencialmente interagem e gerando uma estrutura de rede modular da assembleia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1442-9985 , 1442-9993
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/aec.v47.1
    DOI: 10.1111/aec.13138
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2095166-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019899-1
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 14
    SSG: 7,29
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Systematics of the dung beetle tribe Sisyphini Mulsant (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) inferred from a molecular phylogeny and biogeography of southern African species
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Systematic Entomology Vol. 45, No. 1 ( 2020-01), p. 73-84
    Details
    In: Systematic Entomology, Wiley, Vol. 45, No. 1 ( 2020-01), p. 73-84
    Abstract: The tribe Sisyphini Mulsant was recently redefined following the transfer of the endemic southern African genus Epirinus Dejean from the polyphyletic tribe Deltochilini Lacordaire. A molecular phylogeny of the southern African members of Sisyphini supports Epirinus as sister to Sisyphus Latreille and recovered three major clades in Sisyphus classified here as subgenera Sisyphus ( Neosisyphus Müller) stat. rev. , Sisyphus ( Parasisyphus Barbero, Palestrini & Zunino) stat.n. and Sisyphus ( Sisyphus ) stat.n. A molecular clock analysis suggests that Sisyphus and Epirinus diverged from their last common ancestor during the Lower to Middle Oligocene ( c . 29.37 Ma). Biogeographical analysis indicated that southern African Sisyphus species are centred in the east and northeast in Highveld grassland and warmer savannah regions. By contrast, Epirinus species are largely restricted to the southwest and southeast in the cooler winter and bimodal rainfall regions plus arid highland Karoo and Highveld grasslands. Based on morphological and biogeographical differences between Epirinus and Sisyphus, we propose that the monogeneric Epirinus be placed in its own tribe, Epirinini van Lansberge stat. rev.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0307-6970 , 1365-3113
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/syen.v45.1
    DOI: 10.1111/syen.12380
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020957-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evolutionary history and eco‐climatic diversification in southern African dung beetle Sisyphus
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Biogeography Vol. 47, No. 12 ( 2020-12), p. 2698-2713
    Details
    In: Journal of Biogeography, Wiley, Vol. 47, No. 12 ( 2020-12), p. 2698-2713
    Abstract: The high diversity of species in southern Africa has been attributed to geological and palaeoclimatic factors. The timing of radiations in some groups is held to be linked to these geoclimatic trends. Using the Scarabaeinae dung beetle genus, Sisyphus , as a model system, we investigate how geological uplift and climatic changes in the late Cenozoic affected its diversification patterns in southern Africa. Location Southern Africa. Taxon The dung beetle genus, Sisyphus Latreille, 1807 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Methods A dated molecular phylogeny of southern African Sisyphus was compared with a factor analysis of species distribution data that statistically defined groups of species according to current climatic distribution. We used these climatic clusters to estimate ancestral ranges using the “BioGeoBEARS” R package. A lineage through time plot was calculated using the R package ‘APE’. We used Bayesian diversification models (compound Poisson process on mass extinction times) to test hypotheses on how late Cenozoic uplift and climatic changes affected speciation and extinction of Sisyphus . Furthermore, we implemented ecological niche modelling in MaxEnt to predict the habitat suitability of species under present climatic conditions. Results Four species groups defined from factor analysis of current climatic distribution data are primarily restricted to the moist summer rainfall region in the northeast. Species diversification occurred from the mid‐Miocene until the Pleistocene, during which the central southern African plateau was uplifted in tandem with the advent of winter rainfall and arid climatic zones to the southwest. The ancestor of Sisyphus was centred in eastern low to mid‐altitude areas. Speciation rates were higher in the Miocene to Pliocene, followed by a dramatic drop during the transition to the Pleistocene. Main conclusions The taxonomic and eco‐climatic diversification of sisyphines is coincident with geological uplift and changes in climate in east‐central southern Africa. However, phylogenetic relationships of southern African Sisyphus species are not homogenously distributed with respect to geography and climate.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0305-0270 , 1365-2699
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jbi.v47.12
    DOI: 10.1111/jbi.13974
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020428-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 188963-1
    SSG: 12
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