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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Behavioral responses of terrestrial mammals to COVID-19 lockdowns
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2023
    In:  Science Vol. 380, No. 6649 ( 2023-06-09), p. 1059-1064
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 380, No. 6649 ( 2023-06-09), p. 1059-1064
    Abstract: GPS tracking of mammals over five continents shows how animal movements changed during COVID-19 lockdowns.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.abo6499
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 2
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    Evaluating expert‐based habitat suitability information of terrestrial mammals with GPS‐ tracking data
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Global Ecology and Biogeography Vol. 31, No. 8 ( 2022-08), p. 1526-1541
    Details
    In: Global Ecology and Biogeography, Wiley, Vol. 31, No. 8 ( 2022-08), p. 1526-1541
    Abstract: Macroecological studies that require habitat suitability data for many species often derive this information from expert opinion. However, expert‐based information is inherently subjective and thus prone to errors. The increasing availability of GPS tracking data offers opportunities to evaluate and supplement expert‐based information with detailed empirical evidence. Here, we compared expert‐based habitat suitability information from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) with habitat suitability information derived from GPS‐tracking data of 1,498 individuals from 49 mammal species. Location Worldwide. Time period 1998–2021. Major taxa studied Forty‐nine terrestrial mammal species. Methods Using GPS data, we estimated two measures of habitat suitability for each individual animal: proportional habitat use (proportion of GPS locations within a habitat type), and selection ratio (habitat use relative to its availability). For each individual we then evaluated whether the GPS‐based habitat suitability measures were in agreement with the IUCN data. To that end, we calculated the probability that the ranking of empirical habitat suitability measures was in agreement with IUCN's classification into suitable, marginal and unsuitable habitat types. Results IUCN habitat suitability data were in accordance with the GPS data ( 〉  95% probability of agreement) for 33 out of 49 species based on proportional habitat use estimates and for 25 out of 49 species based on selection ratios. In addition, 37 and 34 species had a 〉  50% probability of agreement based on proportional habitat use and selection ratios, respectively. Main conclusions We show how GPS‐tracking data can be used to evaluate IUCN habitat suitability data. Our findings indicate that for the majority of species included in this study, it is appropriate to use IUCN habitat suitability data in macroecological studies. Furthermore, we show that GPS‐tracking data can be used to identify and prioritize species and habitat types for re‐evaluation of IUCN habitat suitability data.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1466-822X , 1466-8238
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/geb.v31.8
    DOI: 10.1111/geb.13523
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 3
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    Land use diversification may mitigate on‐site land use impacts on mammal populations and assemblages
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Global Change Biology
    Details
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley
    Abstract: Land use is a major cause of biodiversity decline worldwide. Agricultural and forestry diversification measures, such as the inclusion of natural elements or diversified crop types, may reduce impacts on biodiversity. However, the extent to which such measures may compensate for the negative impacts of land use remains unknown. To fill that gap, we synthesised data from 99 studies that recorded mammal populations or assemblages in natural reference sites and in cropland and forest plantations, with or without diversification measures. We quantified the responses to diversification measures based on individual species abundance, species richness and assemblage intactness as quantified by the mean species abundance indicator. In cropland with natural elements, mammal species abundance and richness were, on average, similar to natural conditions, while in cropland without natural elements they were reduced by 28% and 34%, respectively. We found that mammal species richness was comparable between diversified forest plantations and natural reference sites, and 32% lower in plantations without natural elements. In both cropland and plantations, assemblage intactness was reduced compared with natural reference conditions, but the reduction was smaller if diversification measures were in place. In addition, we found that responses to land use were modified by species traits and environmental context. While habitat specialist populations were reduced in cropland without diversification and in forest plantations, habitat generalists benefited. Furthermore, assemblages were impacted more by land use in tropical regions and landscapes containing a larger share of (semi)natural habitat compared with temperate regions and more converted landscapes. Given that mammal assemblage intactness is reduced also when diversification measures are in place, special attention should be directed to species that suffer from land use impacts. That said, our results suggest potential for reconciling land use and mammal conservation, provided that the diversification measures do not compromise yield.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013 , 1365-2486
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16932
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 4
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    Threats of land use to the global diversity of vascular plants
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Diversity and Distributions Vol. 29, No. 6 ( 2023-06), p. 688-697
    Details
    In: Diversity and Distributions, Wiley, Vol. 29, No. 6 ( 2023-06), p. 688-697
    Abstract: Land use is a main driver of biodiversity loss worldwide. However, quantifying its effects on global plant diversity remains a challenge due to the limited availability of data on the distributions of vascular plant species and their responses to land use. Here, we estimated the global extinction threat of land use to vascular plant species based on a novel integration of an ecoregion‐level species‐area model and the relative endemism richness of the ecoregions. Location Global. Methods First, we assessed ecoregion‐level extinction threats using a countryside species–area relationship model based on responses of local plant richness to land use types and intensities and a high‐resolution global land use map. Next, we estimated global species extinction threat by multiplying the relative endemism richness of each ecoregion with the ecoregion‐level extinction threats. Results Our results indicate that 11% of vascular plant species are threatened with global extinction. We found the largest extinction threats in the Neotropic and Palearctic realms, mainly due to cropland of minimal and high intensity, respectively. Main Conclusions Our novel integration of the countryside species–area relationship and the relative endemism richness allows for the identification of hotspots of global extinction threat, as well as the contribution of specific land use types and intensities to this threat. Our findings inform where the development of measures to protect or restore plant diversity globally are most needed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1366-9516 , 1472-4642
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ddi.v29.6
    DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13693
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 5
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    Projecting terrestrial biodiversity intactness with GLOBIO 4
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Global Change Biology Vol. 26, No. 2 ( 2020-02), p. 760-771
    Details
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 26, No. 2 ( 2020-02), p. 760-771
    Abstract: Scenario‐based biodiversity modelling is a powerful approach to evaluate how possible future socio‐economic developments may affect biodiversity. Here, we evaluated the changes in terrestrial biodiversity intactness, expressed by the mean species abundance (MSA) metric, resulting from three of the shared socio‐economic pathways (SSPs) combined with different levels of climate change (according to representative concentration pathways [RCPs]): a future oriented towards sustainability (SSP1xRCP2.6), a future determined by a politically divided world (SSP3xRCP6.0) and a future with continued global dependency on fossil fuels (SSP5xRCP8.5). To this end, we first updated the GLOBIO model, which now runs at a spatial resolution of 10 arc‐seconds (~300 m), contains new modules for downscaling land use and for quantifying impacts of hunting in the tropics, and updated modules to quantify impacts of climate change, land use, habitat fragmentation and nitrogen pollution. We then used the updated model to project terrestrial biodiversity intactness from 2015 to 2050 as a function of land use and climate changes corresponding with the selected scenarios. We estimated a global area‐weighted mean MSA of 0.56 for 2015. Biodiversity intactness declined in all three scenarios, yet the decline was smaller in the sustainability scenario (−0.02) than the regional rivalry and fossil‐fuelled development scenarios (−0.06 and −0.05 respectively). We further found considerable variation in projected biodiversity change among different world regions, with large future losses particularly for sub‐Saharan Africa. In some scenario‐region combinations, we projected future biodiversity recovery due to reduced demands for agricultural land, yet this recovery was counteracted by increased impacts of other pressures (notably climate change and road disturbance). Effective measures to halt or reverse the decline of terrestrial biodiversity should not only reduce land demand (e.g. by increasing agricultural productivity and dietary changes) but also focus on reducing or mitigating the impacts of other pressures.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013 , 1365-2486
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.v26.2
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14848
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 6
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    Impacts of current and future large dams on the geographic range connectivity of freshwater fish worldwide
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2020
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 117, No. 7 ( 2020-02-18), p. 3648-3655
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 117, No. 7 ( 2020-02-18), p. 3648-3655
    Abstract: Dams contribute to water security, energy supply, and flood protection but also fragment habitats of freshwater species. Yet, a global species-level assessment of dam-induced fragmentation is lacking. Here, we assessed the degree of fragmentation of the occurrence ranges of ∼10,000 lotic fish species worldwide due to ∼40,000 existing large dams and ∼3,700 additional future large hydropower dams. Per river basin, we quantified a connectivity index (CI) for each fish species by combining its occurrence range with a high-resolution hydrography and the locations of the dams. Ranges of nondiadromous fish species were more fragmented (less connected) (CI = 73 ± 28%; mean ± SD) than ranges of diadromous species (CI = 86 ± 19%). Current levels of fragmentation were highest in the United States, Europe, South Africa, India, and China. Increases in fragmentation due to future dams were especially high in the tropics, with declines in CI of ∼20 to 40 percentage points on average across the species in the Amazon, Niger, Congo, Salween, and Mekong basins. Our assessment can guide river management at multiple scales and in various domains, including strategic hydropower planning, identification of species and basins at risk, and prioritization of restoration measures, such as dam removal and construction of fish bypasses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1912776117
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 7
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    Effects of nutrient enrichment on freshwater macrophyte and invertebrate abundance: A meta‐analysis
    Wiley ; 2024
    In:  Global Change Biology Vol. 30, No. 1 ( 2024-01)
    Details
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 30, No. 1 ( 2024-01)
    Abstract: External nutrient loading can cause large changes in freshwater ecosystems. Many local field and laboratory experiments have investigated ecological responses to nutrient addition. However, these findings are difficult to generalize, as the responses observed may depend on the local context and the resulting nutrient concentrations in the receiving water bodies. In this research, we combined and analysed data from 131 experimental studies containing 3054 treatment‐control abundance ratios to assess the responses of freshwater taxa along a gradient of elevated nutrient concentrations. We carried out a systematic literature search in order to identify studies that report the abundance of invertebrate, macrophyte, and fish taxa in relation to the addition of nitrogen, phosphorus, or both. Next, we established mixed‐effect meta‐regression models to relate the biotic responses to the concentration gradients of both nutrients. We quantified the responses based on various abundance‐based metrics. We found no responses to the mere addition of nutrients, apart from an overall increase of total invertebrate abundance. However, when we considered the gradients of N and P enrichment, we found responses to both nutrients for all abundance metrics. Abundance tended to increase at low levels of N enrichment, yet decreased at the high end of the concentration gradient (1–10 mg/L, depending on the P concentration). Responses to increasing P concentrations were mostly positive. For fish, we found too few data to perform a meaningful analysis. The results of our research highlight the need to consider the level of nutrient enrichment rather than the mere addition of nutrients in order to better understand broad‐scale responses of freshwater biota to eutrophication, as a key step to identify effective conservation strategies for freshwater ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013 , 1365-2486
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.v30.1
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17094
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2024
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  • 8
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    Conditional love? Co‐occurrence patterns of drought‐sensitive species in European grasslands are consistent with the stress‐gradient hypothesis
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Global Ecology and Biogeography Vol. 30, No. 8 ( 2021-08), p. 1609-1620
    Details
    In: Global Ecology and Biogeography, Wiley, Vol. 30, No. 8 ( 2021-08), p. 1609-1620
    Abstract: The stress‐gradient hypothesis (SGH) postulates that species interactions shift from negative to positive with increasing abiotic stress. Interactions between species are increasingly being recognized as important drivers of species distributions, but it is still unclear whether stress‐induced changes in interactions affect continental‐to‐global scale species distributions. Here, we tested whether associations of vascular plant species in dry grasslands in Europe follow the SGH along a climatic water deficit (CWD) gradient across the continent. Location Dry grasslands in Europe. Time period Present. Major taxa studied Vascular plants. Methods We built a context‐dependent joint species distribution model (JSDM) to estimate the residual associations (i.e., associations that are not explained by the abiotic environment) of 161 plant species as a function of the CWD based on community data from 8,660 vegetation plots. We evaluated changes in residual associations between species for pairs and on the community level, and we compared responses for groups of species with different drought tolerances. Results We found contrasting shifts in associations for drought‐sensitive and drought‐tolerant species. For drought‐sensitive species, 21% of the pairwise associations became more positive with increasing CWD, whereas 17% became more negative. In contrast, only 17% of the pairwise associations involving drought‐tolerant species became more positive, whereas 27% became more negative in areas with a high CWD. Additionally, the incidence of positive associations increased with drought for drought‐sensitive species and decreased for drought‐tolerant species. Main conclusions We found that associations of drought‐sensitive plant species became more positive with drought, in line with the SGH. In contrast, associations of drought‐tolerant species became more negative. Additionally, changes in associations of single species pairs were highly variable. Our results indicate that stress‐modulated species associations might influence the distribution of species over large geographical extents, thus leading to unexpected responses under climate change through shifts in species associations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1466-822X , 1466-8238
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/geb.v30.8
    DOI: 10.1111/geb.13323
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 9
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    Time‐lagged effects of habitat fragmentation on terrestrial mammals in Madagascar
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Conservation Biology Vol. 36, No. 5 ( 2022-10)
    Details
    In: Conservation Biology, Wiley, Vol. 36, No. 5 ( 2022-10)
    Abstract: 生物多样性面临着栖息地破坏的严重威胁。栖息地破坏会导致剩余的栖息地破碎化更加严重, 进而在剩余破碎化栖息地的面积不足以长期支持种群发展时, 引发时间滞后的种群灭绝。如果忽视这种时滞效应, 那么将会低估栖息地丧失和破碎化的长期影响。马达加斯加是栖息地丧失和破碎化比例最高的生物多样性热点地区之一, 本研究量化了马达加斯加157种非飞行陆地哺乳动物栖息地破碎化的时滞效应。我们根据物种的栖息地偏好和海拔限制精细划分了其地理范围, 并估计在随机种群波动下, 哪些破碎化栖息地的面积不足以支持种群存活至少100年。我们还根据《世界自然保护联盟红色名录》的评估框架, 评估了时滞效应是否会改变物种的濒危等级。我们使用异速关系得到了每个物种种群动态模拟所需的种群参数, 并通过对一系列合理的参数值进行重复分析, 量化了这些参数估计的不确定性结果。我们发现基于中位数的结果, 有34个物种 (在157个物种中占22%) 当前的栖息地中至少有10% 包含难以存活的种群。如果考虑到时滞效应, 8个物种 (5%) 应被纳入更高的濒危等级。而基于0.95分位数的结果, 则有 108个物种 (69%) 在预防性原则下至少有10% 的栖息地包含难以存活的种群, 51个物种 (32%) 会被纳入更高的濒危等级。我们的结果强调了保护连续栖息地和提高破碎化栖息地连接度的必要性。此外, 我们的研究结果还有助于确定受时滞效应影响最严重且将从保护行动中受益最大的物种。 【翻译: 胡怡思; 审校: 聂永刚】
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0888-8892 , 1523-1739
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/cobi.v36.5
    DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13942
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020041-9
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  • 10
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    The impacts of linear infrastructure on terrestrial vertebrate populations: A trait‐based approach
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Global Change Biology Vol. 28, No. 24 ( 2022-12), p. 7217-7233
    Details
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 28, No. 24 ( 2022-12), p. 7217-7233
    Abstract: While linear infrastructures, such as roads and power lines, are vital to human development, they may also have negative impacts on wildlife populations up to several kilometres into the surrounding environment (infrastructure‐effect zones, IEZs). However, species‐specific IEZs are not available for the vast majority of species, hampering global assessments of infrastructure impacts on wildlife. Here, we synthesized 253 studies worldwide to quantify the magnitude and spatial extent of infrastructure impacts on the abundance of 792 vertebrate species. We also identified the extent to which species traits, infrastructure type and habitat modulate IEZs for vertebrate species. Our results reveal contrasting responses across taxa based on the local context and species traits. Carnivorous mammals were generally more abundant in the proximity of infrastructure. In turn, medium‐ to large‐sized non‐carnivorous mammals ( 〉 1 kg) were less abundant near infrastructure across habitats, while their smaller counterparts were more abundant close to infrastructure in open habitats. Bird abundance was reduced near infrastructure with larger IEZs for non‐carnivorous than for carnivorous species. Furthermore, birds experienced larger IEZs in closed (carnivores: ≈130 m, non‐carnivores: 〉 1 km) compared to open habitats (carnivores: ≈70 m, non‐carnivores: ≈470 m). Reptiles were more abundant near infrastructure in closed habitats but not in open habitats where abundances were reduced within an IEZ of ≈90 m . Finally, IEZs were relatively small in amphibians ( 〈 30 m). These results indicate that infrastructure impact assessments should differentiate IEZs across species and local contexts in order to capture the variety of responses to infrastructure. Our trait‐based synthetic approach can be applied in large‐scale assessments of the impacts of current and future infrastructure developments across multiple species, including those for which infrastructure responses are not known from empirical data.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013 , 1365-2486
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.v28.24
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16450
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020313-5
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