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  • 1
    In: American Journal of Primatology, Wiley, Vol. 81, No. 4 ( 2019-04)
    Abstract: Models of primate sociality focus on the costs and benefits of group living and how factors such as rank, feeding competition, alliance formation, and cooperative behavior shape within‐group social relationships. We conducted a series of controlled field experiments designed to investigate how resource distribution (one or three of four reward platforms) and amount of food on a reward platform affected foraging strategies and individual feeding success in four groups of wild common marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus ) living in the Caatinga of northeastern Brazil. At our field site, common marmoset groups are characterized by a single breeding female who can produce twin litters twice per year, strong social cohesion, and cooperative infant care provided principally by several adult male helpers. We found that except for the dominant breeding female, rank (based on aggression) was not a strong predictor of feeding success. Although the breeding female in each group occupied the highest rank position and obtained the greatest daily feeding success, all other group members, including adults and juveniles experienced relatively equal feeding success across most experimental conditions. This was accomplished using a balance of behavioral strategies related to contest competition, scramble competition (associated with a finder's advantage), and social tolerance (sharing the same feeding platform). Based on these results, the social structure of common marmosets is best described as “single female dominance,” with the breeding female maximizing food intake needed to offset the energetic costs associated with reproductive twinning and the ability to produce two litters per year. Cooperative infant caregiving, in which the number of helpers is positively correlated with offspring survivorship, requires a set of behavioral strategies that serve to reduce contest competition and promote prosocial behaviors at feeding sites.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0275-2565 , 1098-2345
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495834-X
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    In: Journal of Animal Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 91, No. 1 ( 2022-01), p. 138-153
    Abstract: A competição por recursos alimentares dentro do grupo pode ser um grande custo da vida social. Na natureza, os forrageadores são confrontados com desafios sociais (e.g. posição hierárquica) e ecológicos (e.g. disponibilidade e distribuição de alimentos) que afetam suas decisões de forrageio e seu sucesso alimentar. Exibir comportamentos pró‐sociais, como tolerância em sítios de alimentação, pode beneficiar os membros do grupo, desenvolvendo relações sociais afiliativas, melhorando o acesso aos recursos e maximizando sua aptidão evolutiva. Examinamos a tolerância social de um primata com reprodução cooperativa ( Callithrix jacchus ) em sítios de alimentação. Investigamos a influência de um conjunto de fatores sociais (hierarquia, idade, sexo) e ecológicos (disponibilidade de alimento) na estrutura e dinâmica das redes de associação de forrageio dentro do grupo social. Planejamos e conduzimos um experimento de campo com quatro grupos de saguis‐comuns de vida livre, no qual controlamos a distribuição (concentrada e dispersa) e a produtividade de alimento (altas, médias ou baixas recompensas). Usamos análise de redes sociais para avaliar o número e a força das associações de forrageio entre os membros do grupo, seu efeito no consumo individual de alimento, e se experiências recentes de forrageio entre coespecíficos afetam associações subsequentes. Em geral, as redes de associação de forrageio dos saguis foram coesas e os membros de cada grupo ocuparam sítios de alimentação em conjunto. O número e a força das associações variaram dependendo do contexto ecológico. As associações foram mais fortes durante as condições em que o alimento se encontrava concentrado em um sítio. Os indivíduos obtiveram maior acesso aos recursos quando compartilharam o sítio de alimentação com coespecíficos, e uma vez que o item alimentar era obtido, o forrageador o consumia em uma árvore próxima, longe dos outros. Além disso, a força das associações recentes e os níveis subsequentes de tolerância social em sítios de alimentação foram positivamente relacionados, compatível com a capacidade de memorizar associações ao longo do tempo e relembrá‐las em tomadas de decisão futuras. Em conclusão, os saguis ajustaram suas escolhas de parceiros e a força das associações de forrageio em resposta à disponibilidade de alimento. Eles exibiram uma maior tolerância social em sítios de alimentação durante as condições em que se esperava que as oportunidades de competição direta fossem maiores. Estes primatas com reprodução cooperativa parecem se beneficiar mutuamente ao manterem relações afiliativas coesas e fortes, as quais aumentam as oportunidades para comportamentos coordenados e a sobrevivência da prole.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8790 , 1365-2656
    URL: Issue
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006616-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    In: PeerJ, PeerJ, Vol. 8 ( 2020-06-23), p. e9365-
    Abstract: Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) provides a long-term retrospective measure of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity, and is increasingly used to assess the life history, health and ecology of wild mammals. Given that sex, age, season and pregnancy influence HCC, and that it may indicate ongoing stress, we examined HCC in common marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus ) naturally inhabiting a hot and dry semi-desert like habitat, Caatinga, in northeastern Brazil. We trapped, measured, weighed, marked and collected shaved hair from the back of the neck of 61 wild marmosets during the wet and dry seasons. Using enzyme immunoassay, we found that HCC was higher in the dry season compared with the wet season among all age/sex classes. Females had significantly higher HCC than males, juveniles had higher HCC than adults, and reproductively active adult females and non-pregnant/non lactating adult females did not differ in HCC. There were no interaction effects of sex, age, group, or season on HCC. The magnitude of the effect of this extremely hot and dry environment (average yearly rainfall was only 271 mm) on HCC in common marmosets is difficult to ascertain as these animals are also experiencing a variety of other stressors. However, the elevated HCC seen in common marmosets during the 5–8 month dry season, suggests these primates face an extended period of heat, water and possibly nutritional stress, which appears to result in a high rate of juvenile mortality.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2167-8359
    Language: English
    Publisher: PeerJ
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2703241-3
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  • 4
    In: American Journal of Primatology, Wiley, Vol. 81, No. 7 ( 2019-07)
    Abstract: Despite naturally inhabiting two ecologically distinct habitats in northeastern Brazil, common marmosets did not differ in day range, home range, activity budget, social organization, reproductive output, or offspring survivorship. Common marmosets exploiting a Caatinga habitat were characterized by an increase in surface area to body mass, which appears to represent an adaptation to efficiently dissipate body heat and conserve water in this very hot and dry environment
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0275-2565 , 1098-2345
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495834-X
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 5
    In: American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Wiley, Vol. 175, No. 3 ( 2021-07), p. 513-530
    Abstract: Although fermented food use is ubiquitous in humans, the ecological and evolutionary factors contributing to its emergence are unclear. Here we investigated the ecological contexts surrounding the consumption of fruits in the late stages of fermentation by wild primates to provide insight into its adaptive function. We hypothesized that climate, socioecological traits, and habitat patch size would influence the occurrence of this behavior due to effects on the environmental prevalence of late‐stage fermented foods, the ability of primates to detect them, and potential nutritional benefits. Materials and methods We compiled data from field studies lasting at least 9 months to describe the contexts in which primates were observed consuming fruits in the late stages of fermentation. Using generalized linear mixed‐effects models, we assessed the effects of 18 predictor variables on the occurrence of fermented food use in primates. Results Late‐stage fermented foods were consumed by a wide taxonomic breadth of primates. However, they generally made up 0.01%–3% of the annual diet and were limited to a subset of fruit species, many of which are reported to have mechanical and chemical defenses against herbivores when not fermented. Additionally, late‐stage fermented food consumption was best predicted by climate and habitat patch size. It was more likely to occur in larger habitat patches with lower annual mean rainfall and higher annual mean maximum temperatures. Discussion We posit that primates capitalize on the natural fermentation of some fruits as part of a nutritional strategy to maximize periods of fruit exploitation and/or access a wider range of plant species. We speculate that these factors contributed to the evolutionary emergence of the human propensity for fermented foods.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0002-9483 , 1096-8644
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495833-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3129801-1
    SSG: 12
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