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  • Springer Science and Business Media LLC  (4)
  • Schalkwijk, Casper G.  (4)
  • 1
    In: European Journal of Nutrition, Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Abstract: Sulfur amino acids (SAAs) have been associated with obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases. We investigated whether plasma SAAs (methionine, total cysteine (tCys), total homocysteine, cystathionine and total glutathione) are related to specific fat depots. Methods We examined cross-sectional subsets from the CODAM cohort ( n  = 470, 61.3% men, median [IQR]: 67 [61, 71] years) and The Maastricht Study (DMS; n  = 371, 53.4% men, 63 [55, 68] years), enriched with (pre)diabetic individuals. SAAs were measured in fasting EDTA plasma with LC–MS/MS. Outcomes comprised BMI, skinfolds, waist circumference (WC), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA, DMS), body composition, abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues (CODAM: ultrasound, DMS: MRI) and liver fat (estimated, in CODAM, or MRI-derived, in DMS, liver fat percentage and fatty liver disease). Associations were examined with linear or logistic regressions adjusted for relevant confounders with z-standardized primary exposures and outcomes. Results Methionine was associated with all measures of liver fat, e.g ., fatty liver disease [CODAM: OR = 1.49 (95% CI 1.19, 1.88); DMS: OR = 1.51 (1.09, 2.14)], but not with other fat depots. tCys was associated with overall obesity, e.g., BMI [CODAM: β  = 0.19 (0.09, 0.28); DMS: β  = 0.24 (0.14, 0.34)]; peripheral adiposity, e.g., biceps and triceps skinfolds [CODAM: β  = 0.15 (0.08, 0.23); DMS: β  = 0.20 (0.12, 0.29)]; and central adiposity, e.g., WC [CODAM: β  = 0.16 (0.08, 0.25); DMS: β  = 0.17 (0.08, 0.27)]. Associations of tCys with VAT and liver fat were inconsistent. Other SAAs were not associated with body fat. Conclusion Plasma concentrations of methionine and tCys showed distinct associations with different fat depots, with similar strengths in the two cohorts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1436-6207 , 1436-6215
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1463312-7
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  • 2
    In: Cardiovascular Diabetology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 22, No. 1 ( 2023-03-24)
    Abstract: Microvascular dysfunction (MVD) is an important contributor to major clinical disease such as stroke, dementia, depression, retinopathy, and chronic kidney disease. Alcohol consumption may be a determinant of MVD. Objective Main objectives were (1) to study whether alcohol consumption was associated with MVD as assessed in the brain, retina, skin, kidney and in the blood; and (2) to investigate whether associations differed by history of cardiovascular disease or sex. Design We used cross-sectional data from The Maastricht Study (N = 3,120 participants, 50.9% men, mean age 60 years, and 27.5% with type 2 diabetes [the latter oversampled by design]). We used regression analyses to study the association between total alcohol (per unit and in the categories, i.e. none, light, moderate, high) and MVD, where all measures of MVD were combined into a total MVD composite score (expressed in SD). We adjusted all associations for potential confounders; and tested for interaction by sex, and history of cardiovascular disease. Additionally we tested for interaction with glucose metabolism status. Results The association between total alcohol consumption and MVD was non-linear, i.e. J-shaped. Moderate versus light total alcohol consumption was significantly associated with less MVD, after full adjustment (beta [95% confidence interval], -0.10 [-0.19; -0.01] ). The shape of the curve differed with sex (P interaction  = 0.03), history of cardiovascular disease (P interaction   〈  0.001), and glucose metabolism status (P interaction  = 0.02). Conclusions The present cross-sectional, population-based study found evidence that alcohol consumption may have an effect on MVD. Hence, although increasing alcohol consumption cannot be recommended as a policy, this study suggests that prevention of MVD may be possible through dietary interventions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1475-2840
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2093769-6
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  • 3
    In: GeroScience, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 44, No. 1 ( 2022-02), p. 147-157
    Abstract: Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is a late consequence of cerebral microvascular dysfunction (MVD). MVD is hard to measure in the brain due to its limited accessibility. Extracerebral MVD (eMVD) measures can give insights in the etiology of cerebral MVD, as MVD may be a systemic process. We aim to investigate whether a compound score consisting of several eMVD measures is associated with structural cSVD MRI markers. Methods Cross-sectional data of the population-based Maastricht Study was used ( n  = 1872, mean age 59 ± 8 years, 49% women). Measures of eMVD included flicker light-induced retinal arteriolar and venular dilation response (retina), albuminuria and glomerular filtration rate (kidney), heat-induced skin hyperemia (skin), and plasma biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction (sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, sE-selectin, and von Willebrand factor). These measures were standardized into z scores and summarized into a compound score. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the associations between the compound score and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume, and the presence of lacunes and microbleeds, as measured by brain MRI. Results The eMVD compound score was associated with WMH volume independent of age, sex, and cardiovascular risk factors (St β 0.057 [95% CI 0.010–0.081], p value 0.01), but not with the presence of lacunes (OR 1.011 [95% CI 0.803–1.273], p value 0.92) or microbleeds (OR 1.055 [95% CI 0.896–1.242], p value 0.52). Conclusion A compound score of eMVD is associated with WMH volume. Further research is needed to expand the knowledge about the role of systemic MVD in the pathophysiology of cSVD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2509-2715 , 2509-2723
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2886418-9
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  • 4
    In: Diabetologia, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 66, No. 1 ( 2023-01), p. 213-222
    Abstract: Serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) has been proposed to act as a hepatokine that contributes to the extrahepatic complications observed in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, it remains uncertain whether serum SHBG mediates the association between intrahepatic lipids (IHL) and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, we studied whether, and to what extent, serum SHBG mediates the association between IHL content and type 2 diabetes. Methods We used cross-sectional data from the Maastricht Study ( n =1554), a population-based cohort study with oversampling of individuals with type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes status was assessed by oral glucose tolerance test, and IHL content was measured using 3T Dixon MRI. Mediation analyses were performed to assess the role of serum SHBG in mediating the association between IHL content and type 2 diabetes. Results IHL content was significantly associated with type 2 diabetes in women and men (OR 1.08 [95% CI 1.04, 1.14] and OR 1.12 [95% CI 1.08, 1.17] , respectively). Serum SHBG significantly mediated the association between IHL content and type 2 diabetes. The contribution of serum SHBG was higher in women (OR 1.04 [95% CI 1.02, 1.07]; proportion mediated 50.9% [95% CI 26.7, 81.3] ) than in men (OR 1.02 [95% CI 1.01, 1.03]; proportion mediated 17.2% [95% CI 9.6, 27.6] ). Repeat analyses with proxies of type 2 diabetes and adjustment for covariates did not substantially affect the results. Conclusions/interpretation In this large-scale population-based cohort study, serum SHBG was found to be a mediator of the association between IHL content and type 2 diabetes. These findings extend our understanding of the potential mechanisms by which NAFLD is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, and further elaborate on the role of SHBG as a hepatokine. Graphical abstract
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-186X , 1432-0428
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1458993-X
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