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  • Oxford University Press (OUP)  (8)
  • Schaeffer, James  (8)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    REDUCING LONELINESS AMONG OLDER ADULTS WITH ANIMATRONIC PETS
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2019
    In:  Innovation in Aging Vol. 3, No. Supplement_1 ( 2019-11-08), p. S185-S185
    Details
    In: Innovation in Aging, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 3, No. Supplement_1 ( 2019-11-08), p. S185-S185
    Abstract: Pet ownership has been examined as a solution for loneliness. However, multiple challenges of pet ownership exist for older adults. Therefore, research efforts are considering the use of animatronic pets to reduce loneliness. The purpose of this study was to determine if ownership of animatronic pets would decrease loneliness and improve well-being among lonely older adults. Individuals were identified as lonely through a prior survey. Participants were provided with their choice of either an animatronic cat or dog and completed T1, T2, and T3 surveys. Response rates were high; 167 (63%) completed T1 and T2, and 125 (48%) also completed T3. T2 data indicated that loneliness decreased, while mental well-being, resilience, purpose in life, and optimism improved. At T3 mental well-being and purpose and life continued to improve. Animatronic pets appear to provide significant benefits for the well-being of lonely older adults.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2399-5300
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igz038.661
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2905697-4
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Loneliness, Social Isolation and All-Cause Mortality in Older Adults
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2021
    In:  Innovation in Aging Vol. 5, No. Supplement_1 ( 2021-12-17), p. 918-918
    Details
    In: Innovation in Aging, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 5, No. Supplement_1 ( 2021-12-17), p. 918-918
    Abstract: As distinct constructs, loneliness and social isolation have both been associated with mortality in older adults. Many studies have examined each construct separately; however, few have examined their impact together, especially within the U.S. Using data from a large sample of U.S. adults age 65+ (N=7,982), the effect of loneliness and social isolation on all-cause mortality was examined considering their separate and joint effects. Measures were based on the UCLA-3 Loneliness Scale and the Social Network Index (SNI). Loneliness was categorized as: Severe, moderate, or no loneliness. Social isolation (defined by the SNI) was categorized as: Limited, medium, or diverse social networks (SN). Cox proportional hazards regression models were performed. Among participants, there were 328 deaths after data collection (4.1%). In separate, adjusted models, loneliness (severe, HR=1.86, 95% CI: 1.43-2.41 and moderate, HR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.16-1.98) and social isolation (limited SN, HR=2.37, 95% CI: 1.72-3.27 and moderate SN, HR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.12-2.14) were both associated with mortality. Modeled together, loneliness (severe, HR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.18-2.04 and moderate, HR=1.40, 95% CI: 1.07-1.83) and social isolation (limited SN, HR=2.08, 95% CI: 1.49-2.89 and moderate SN, HR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.05-2.02) both remained significantly associated with all-cause mortality with limited SN as the stronger indicator. Results demonstrate that both loneliness and social isolation contribute to greater risk of mortality among older adults. Furthermore, individuals with limited SN are at greatest risk. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, loneliness and social isolation should be targeted safely in efforts to reduce mortality risk among older adults.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2399-5300
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igab046.3326
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Improving Resilience, Optimism, Purpose, and Loneliness Among Older Adults
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2021
    In:  Innovation in Aging Vol. 5, No. Supplement_1 ( 2021-12-17), p. 181-181
    Details
    In: Innovation in Aging, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 5, No. Supplement_1 ( 2021-12-17), p. 181-181
    Abstract: Aging Strong 2020 was developed to promote health and well-being and increase resilience by focusing on the pillars of enhanced purpose in life, social connectedness, and optimism. A series of eight interventions over three years tested the feasibility of enhancing these pillars. Interventions included: 1) An expressive writing program, 2) Animatronic pets, 3) A telephonic reminiscent program, 4) An online self-compassion mindfulness program, 5) A technology-based behavior change tool, 6) An online and workbook tool for purpose, 7) An online happiness program, and 8) A peer-to-peer support program. Each program demonstrated efficacy dependent on the pillar targeted and the population sampled. Overall, some improvement was found among participants in resilience (47%), purpose (49%), optimism (44%), and loneliness (48%). Further, participant satisfaction improved in each program with Net Promoter Scores increasing between 7-19 points. Results demonstrate that Aging Strong 2020 was successful, contributing to a holistic model of healthy aging.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2399-5300
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igab046.690
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Older Adults’ Experiences Participating in Aging Strong 2020 Programs
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2021
    In:  Innovation in Aging Vol. 5, No. Supplement_1 ( 2021-12-17), p. 181-181
    Details
    In: Innovation in Aging, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 5, No. Supplement_1 ( 2021-12-17), p. 181-181
    Abstract: User satisfaction assessments are integral to demonstrating intervention efficacy. Towards that end, older participants across the Aging Strong 2020 suite of offerings participated in semi-structured interviews (n = 248) to provide feedback about their experiences in the program and resulting satisfaction. Overall, most participants were satisfied with the Aging Strong 2020 interventions and reported gaining new skills, tools, or coping strategies. Participants endorsed program features that facilitated social interaction, community building, and social support. Program content specifically adapted for older adults and appropriate life stage concerns and/or areas of interest were considered especially helpful. Results demonstrate that the current test and learn model offers an opportunity for participant feedback to refine and improve future iterations of project offerings. Participant feedback led to key improvements in subsequent versions of the Aging Strong 2020 programs and their contributions to successful aging among older adults.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2399-5300
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igab046.691
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Defining the Personal Determinants of Health for Older Adults
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  Innovation in Aging Vol. 4, No. Supplement_1 ( 2020-12-16), p. 924-924
    Details
    In: Innovation in Aging, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 4, No. Supplement_1 ( 2020-12-16), p. 924-924
    Abstract: Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) are defined as the broad community-scale conditions and factors shaping daily life. Meanwhile, less is known about the personal, individual-level characteristics impacting health outcomes. These have not been defined as a construct, leaving a gap in overall understanding of the resources that shape healthy and successful aging. Our primary purpose is to propose and define a new construct encompassing critical personal resources to be known as the Personal Determinants of Health (PDOH), built on resilience as a key strength later in life and supported by factors that buffer challenges and declining health. A literature search was conducted to streamline the scope of this review, with key terms determined to identify relevant publications; common databases and resources were utilized. Search strategies failed to identify a standard definition for Personal Determinants of Health as a construct, nor does this term exist regarding applied initiatives with older adults. Thus, a clear opportunity exists to establish PDOH as a unique construct. Despite evidence that individual characteristics impact late-life health outcomes, these key personal resources have not been established as a separate construct. Thus, we propose to define PDOH with a foundation of resilience supported by selected personal resources. Establishing this new construct will be critical in designing initiatives to support older adults and improve their health outcomes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2399-5300
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3392
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cumulative Effect of Loneliness and Social Isolation on Health Outcomes among Older Adults
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2021
    In:  Innovation in Aging Vol. 5, No. Supplement_1 ( 2021-12-17), p. 913-913
    Details
    In: Innovation in Aging, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 5, No. Supplement_1 ( 2021-12-17), p. 913-913
    Abstract: Loneliness and social isolation are described similarly yet are distinct constructs. Numerous studies examine each construct separately; however, less research has been dedicated to exploring their impacts together. Using survey and claims data among adults age 65+ (N=6,994), the cumulative effects of loneliness and social isolation on late-life health outcomes were examined using Chi-square and multivariate regression models. Loneliness and social isolation were measured using the UCLA-3 Loneliness Scale and the Social Network Index. Participants were grouped into four categories of loneliness and social isolation based on overlap, including: lonely only (L), socially isolated only (SI), both lonely and socially isolated (LSI), or neither (N). Outcomes included quality of life and healthcare utilization and costs. Among participants, 9.8% were considered L, 20.6% SI, 9.1% LSI, and 60.5% N. Respondents were primarily female (55.0%) and 70-74 years of age (27.1%). Those considered LSI were more likely to be older, female, less healthy, depressed, with lower quality of life and greater healthcare utilization patterns. Participants who were L or LSI had higher rates of emergency room visits compared to the N group; LSI had the highest medical costs. Results demonstrate the cumulative effects of loneliness and social isolation among older adults. Findings not only fill a gap in research exploring the impacts of these constructs later in life, but also confirm the need for approaches targeting older adults who are both lonely and socially isolated. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, this priority will continue to be urgent for older adults.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2399-5300
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igab046.3310
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Older Adults’ Experiences in an Online Intervention for Managing Subjective Depressive Symptoms
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2021
    In:  Innovation in Aging Vol. 5, No. Supplement_1 ( 2021-12-17), p. 854-855
    Details
    In: Innovation in Aging, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 5, No. Supplement_1 ( 2021-12-17), p. 854-855
    Abstract: Background: Many older adults struggle with late-life depression, stress, and anxiety, especially when facing age-related transitions including retirement, relocation, and the death of a spouse. Given the consequences of depression among older adults, which include higher rates of suicide, timely interventions that help to manage depressive symptoms are essential. Objective: The primary purpose of this study was to explore the perceived efficacy of an online program in improving subjective depressive feelings. Methods: Older adult participants were recruited for semi-structured interviews (n = 24) in a web-based intervention that included interactive games and activities undergirded by a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) approach. Participants were asked to provide feedback about program features, including weekly module content, games, interactive activities and community interactions, and any perceived effects on their health behaviors and/or emotional well-being. Participants’ responses were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Participants reported several gains, including developing the habit of forming ongoing, incremental goals, achieving wellness-related goals, and experiencing an overall positive shift in perspective. In addition, participants reported feeling greater gratitude, increased positivity, and improvement in mood. Featured games and activities helped to promote stress relief and entertainment, and mindfulness exercises were cited as the most helpful and/or enjoyable among participants. Participants expressed a preference for program content related to aging and aging-related transitions. Conclusions: This study demonstrated feasibility of an interactive web-based intervention for older adults with subjective depressive feelings, while also providing important findings about users’ preferences for personalized, aging-related feedback.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2399-5300
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igab046.3122
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Robotic Pet Use Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  The Journals of Gerontology: Series B Vol. 75, No. 9 ( 2020-10-16), p. 2018-2028
    Details
    In: The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 75, No. 9 ( 2020-10-16), p. 2018-2028
    Abstract: The primary purpose of this study was to explore the efficacy of robotic pets in alleviating loneliness for older adults. Method Self-reported lonely individuals with AARP Medicare Supplement plans insured by UnitedHealthcare who participated in a program with a robotic pet (n = 20) were recruited to participate in semi-structured interviews. Participants were asked to provide feedback about their experiences interacting with a robotic pet, their perceptions about the potential impact on loneliness, and recommendations for improving the program. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Participants’ responses were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Constant comparison and consensus-gaining processes were used to develop categories that later formed representative themes. Results Seven themes emerged from analysis: Openness to Adoption of Robotic Pet, Reactions to Pet and its Attributes, Integration of Pet in Daily Life, Strategic Utilization and Forging New Connections, Deriving Comfort and Camaraderie, Advice for Future Users, and Recommendations for Enhancing Ownership Experience. Participants living alone, with fewer social connections and less active lifestyles, derived the most benefit from interacting with their pets. Common responses to pets included cuddling, petting, grooming, and sleeping with them. Some shared or loaned their pets, while others refused to loan their pets to interested peers. Most reported showing their pets to others, which helped some facilitate communication and social connections. Conclusion Robotic pets may be an effective solution for alleviating loneliness in older adults, especially among those who live alone, have fewer social connections, and live less active lifestyles.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1079-5014 , 1758-5368
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa119
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2043945-3
    SSG: 5,2
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