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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    XRD and TG-DTA Study of New Phosphate-Based Geopolymers with Coal Ash or Metakaolin as Aluminosilicate Source and Mine Tailings Addition
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Materials Vol. 15, No. 1 ( 2021-12-28), p. 202-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 1 ( 2021-12-28), p. 202-
    Abstract: Coal ash-based geopolymers with mine tailings addition activated with phosphate acid were synthesized for the first time at room temperature. In addition, three types of aluminosilicate sources were used as single raw materials or in a 1/1 wt. ratio to obtain five types of geopolymers activated with H3PO4. The thermal behaviour of the obtained geopolymers was studied between room temperature and 600 °C by Thermogravimetry-Differential Thermal Analysis (TG-DTA) and the phase composition after 28 days of curing at room temperature was analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). During heating, the acid-activated geopolymers exhibited similar behaviour to alkali-activated geopolymers. All of the samples showed endothermic peaks up to 300 °C due to water evaporation, while the samples with mine tailings showed two significant exothermic peaks above 400 °C due to oxidation reactions. The phase analysis confirmed the dissolution of the aluminosilicate sources in the presence of H3PO4 by significant changes in the XRD patterns of the raw materials and by the broadening of the peaks because of typically amorphous silicophosphate (Si–P), aluminophosphate (Al–P) or silico-alumino-phosphate (Si–Al–P) formation. The phases resulted from geopolymerisation are berlinite (AlPO4), brushite (CaHPO4∙2H2O), anhydrite (CaSO4) or ettringite as AFt and AFm phases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma15010202
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Galvanic Corrosion Behavior of Phosphated Carbon Steel Used at Carabiners Manufacturing
    Revista de Chimie SRL ; 2019
    In:  Revista de Chimie Vol. 70, No. 1 ( 2019-2-15), p. 215-219
    Details
    In: Revista de Chimie, Revista de Chimie SRL, Vol. 70, No. 1 ( 2019-2-15), p. 215-219
    Abstract: The carabiners are metallic links used to quickly connect the components of personal fall arrest equipment. Because these systems are used in corrosive environments, the carabiners must possess good corrosion resistance properties. In order to improve these properties, a phosphate layer was chemically deposited by converting on the carabiner material surface. This paper presents the microscopic analysis of the phosphated layer and the galvanic corrosion behavior of phosphated carbon steel, coupled to duralumin and initial carbon steel. Corrosion resistance has been studied for Black Sea water and fire extinguishing solution.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0034-7752 , 2668-8212
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.37358/RC.19.1.6885
    Language: English
    Publisher: Revista de Chimie SRL
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2488208-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of the Corrosion Resistance of Phosphate Coatings Deposited on the Surface of the Carbon Steel Used for Carabiners Manufacturing
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2020-04-16), p. 2753-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2020-04-16), p. 2753-
    Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the corrosion resistance of carbon steel, used for carabiners manufacturing, coated with three different types of phosphate layer. The phosphate layers have been obtained by phosphate conversion coating with three different types of phosphate solutions: zinc-based solution, zinc-iron-based phosphate solution, and manganese-based phosphate solution. Additionally, the test was performed on zinc phosphate samples impregnated with molybdenum bisulfate-based oil and zinc phosphate samples further coated with a layer of elastomer-based paint. Considering the areas where the carabiners are used (civil engineering, navigation, oil industry, rescue operations, etc.), the corrosive environments studied are rainwater, Black Sea water, and fire extinguishing solution. The structure of the deposited layers was studied by scanning electron microscopy, while the interface structure between the alloy and corrosive environment was analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. According to this study, the corrosion resistance of zinc-based phosphate coated samples and zinc/iron-based phosphate coated samples is higher than that of the studied carbon steel samples, despite the corrosion environment. Also, the most aggressive corrosion environment was the fire extinguishing solution.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app10082753
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Phosphate Surface Treatment for Improving the Corrosion Resistance of the C45 Carbon Steel Used in Carabiners Manufacturing
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Materials Vol. 13, No. 15 ( 2020-08-02), p. 3410-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 15 ( 2020-08-02), p. 3410-
    Abstract: This study approaches the issues which appear during carabiner use and analyses the possibility to eliminate them. Therefore, to improve the corrosion resistance of carbon steel, used in carabiners manufacturing, three different insoluble phosphate layers were deposited on the samples’ surface. The layers were obtained by immersion in zinc-based phosphate solution, zinc/iron-based phosphate solution and manganese-based phosphate solution, Afterwards, to protect against mechanical shocks, a layer of elastomer-based paint was deposited. Furthermore, to reduce rope wear by decreasing the value of the coefficient of friction, the samples were impregnated in molybdenum disulfide-based lubricant. This study aims to analyse the corrosion behaviour of the layers deposited on the carbon steel surface in three of the most common corrosive environments (rainwater, seawater and fire extinguishing solution) by linear and cyclic polarisation. The overall results show that all types of deposited layers increase the corrosion resistance of C45 steel. The experimental results revealed that the samples coated with a phosphate layer obtained by immersion in the zinc-based phosphate solution possess the highest corrosion resistance among the phosphate samples.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma13153410
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    High-Entropy Alloy for Thin Film Application: A Review
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Coatings Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-11-28), p. 1842-
    Details
    In: Coatings, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-11-28), p. 1842-
    Abstract: High entropy alloy (HEA) involves the addition of five or more elements into the materials system. This provides a multidimensional configuration space that is limitless in terms of its properties and functions. Some high-entropy alloys have already been shown to have superior properties over conventional alloys, especially the CoCr-based HEA materials. Better high-entropy alloy applications may be discovered, especially in micro- and nano-level structures, hence the development of thin film/coating -based HEA materials. Therefore, in this review paper, we are aiming to provide recent studies on the thin film/coating-based high-entropy alloy on fundamental issues related to methods of preparation, phase formation and mechanical properties. We found that sputtering has been extensively used to grow thin-film-based HEAs as it allowed parameters to be controlled with homogeneous growth. The evolution from bulk to thin samples can also be observed with the mechanical properties has exceeded the bulk-based HEA expectations, which are high hardness, better interfacial bonding and tribological behaviour and higher corrosion resistant.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6412
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/coatings12121842
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662314-6
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Influence of Fin Thickness on the Thermal Performance and Selection of Coating Method for a Bus Duct Conductor
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Coatings Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-12-22), p. 12-
    Details
    In: Coatings, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-12-22), p. 12-
    Abstract: This paper studies the fin thickness variation effect on a bus duct conductor’s thermal performance and the nanocomposite coating method selection for the bus duct conductor’s heat sink. ANSYS FLUENT was used to create a numerical model resembling the experimental setup. The IEC 60439-1 and IEC 60439-2 standards were used to benchmark the experimental data. The results revealed that the “chimney effect” induces an increment of the hot air adjacent to the heat sink. A conspicuous increase in the total heat transfer rate and fin effectiveness was observed as the fin thickness was reduced. This study revealed that s1 = 1 mm was the best fin thickness with 1.254 fin effectiveness, 1.862 W of total heat transfer rate, and 17.5 Nusselt number. Additionally, various coating methods were examined experimentally to select the best nanocomposite coating for the bus duct conductor’s heat sink. The ultrasonic agitation was the best coating method, which resulted in the lowest average resistance (8.8 μΩ) and a better percentage of Ag (0.6%–2.5%) on the substrate surface. Thus, the current outcomes are expected to better comprehend the impact of fin thickness on thermal performance, as well as the selection of coating method for the bus duct conductor.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6412
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/coatings13010012
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662314-6
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