In:
Journal of Neuroinflammation, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 17, No. 1 ( 2020-12)
Abstract:
New-generation cell-based assays have demonstrated a robust association of serum autoantibodies to full-length human myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG-IgG) with (mostly recurrent) optic neuritis, myelitis, and brainstem encephalitis, as well as with neuromyelitis optica (NMO)-like or acute-disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)-like presentations. However, only limited data are yet available on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings in MOG-IgG-associated encephalomyelitis (MOG-EM; also termed MOG antibody-associated disease, MOGAD). Objective To describe systematically the CSF profile in MOG-EM. Material and methods Cytological and biochemical findings (including white cell counts and differentiation; frequency and patterns of oligoclonal bands; IgG/IgM/IgA and albumin concentrations and CSF/serum ratios; intrathecal IgG/IgA/IgM fractions; locally produced IgG/IgM/IgA concentrations; immunoglobulin class patterns; IgG/IgA/IgM reibergrams; Link index; measles/rubella/zoster (MRZ) reaction; other anti-viral and anti-bacterial antibody indices; CSF total protein; CSF l -lactate) from 163 lumbar punctures in 100 adult patients of mainly Caucasian descent with MOG-EM were analyzed retrospectively. Results Most strikingly, CSF-restricted oligoclonal IgG bands, a hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS), were absent in almost 90% of samples ( N = 151), and the MRZ reaction, the most specific laboratory marker of MS known so far, in 100% ( N = 62). If present, intrathecal IgG (and, more rarely, IgM) synthesis was low, often transient and mostly restricted to acute attacks. CSF WCC was elevated in 〉 50% of samples (median 31 cells/μl; mostly lymphocytes and monocytes; 〉 100/μl in 12%). Neutrophils were present in 〉 40% of samples; activated lymphocytes were found less frequently and eosinophils and/or plasma cells only very rarely ( 〈 4%). Blood–CSF barrier dysfunction (as indicated by an elevated albumin CSF/serum ratio) was present in 48% of all samples and at least once in 55% of all patients ( N = 88) tested. The frequency and degree of CSF alterations were significantly higher in patients with acute myelitis than in patients with acute ON and varied strongly depending on attack severity. CSF l -lactate levels correlated significantly with the spinal cord lesion load in patients with acute myelitis ( p 〈 0.0001). Like pleocytosis, blood–CSF barrier dysfunction was present also during remission in a substantial number of patients. Conclusion MOG-IgG-positive EM is characterized by CSF features that are distinct from those in MS. Our findings are important for the differential diagnosis of MS and MOG-EM and add to the understanding of the immunopathogenesis of this newly described autoimmune disease.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
1742-2094
DOI:
10.1186/s12974-020-01824-2
Language:
English
Publisher:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Publication Date:
2020
detail.hit.zdb_id:
2156455-3
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