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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Prospect of Genomic, Transcriptomic, Epigenetic and Metabolomic Biomarkers for The Personalized Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases
    Bentham Science Publishers Ltd. ; 2023
    In:  Current Vascular Pharmacology Vol. 21, No. 3 ( 2023-05), p. 185-196
    Details
    In: Current Vascular Pharmacology, Bentham Science Publishers Ltd., Vol. 21, No. 3 ( 2023-05), p. 185-196
    Abstract: Cardiometabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), are a great health concern. The strategies aimed to increase awareness and prevention, in conjunction with timely diagnosis and optimal management of these conditions, represent the main lines of action to improve life expectancy and quality. In recent years, the introduction of innovative therapies for the treatment of DM and CVD has provided new hope for high-risk patients. Yet, the implementation of preventive measures in achieving cardiometabolic health is far from successful and requires further improvement. The development of cardiometabolic disorders is a complex, multifactorial process involving several metabolic pathways as well as genetic and environmental factors. Decreasing cumulative exposure during the entire life course and timely recognition and targeting of potential riskenhancing factors could pave the way toward more successful prevention of cardiometabolic disorders. Nowadays, in the era of “omics” technologies, it is possible to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets, which offers the possibility to apply an individualized approach for each patient. This review will discuss potential applications of genomic, transcriptomic, epigenetic and metabolomic biomarkers for the personalized prevention of cardiometabolic diseases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1570-1611
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2174/1570161121666230510141338
    Language: English
    Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Diabetes and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A New Look at Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Role of Novel Antidiabetic Agents
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 22 ( 2021-11-17), p. 12409-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 22 ( 2021-11-17), p. 12409-
    Abstract: Epidemiological data have demonstrated a significant association between the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Chronic hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation, the processes inherent to T2DM, also play active roles in the onset and progression of CRC. Recently, small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, a typical characteristic of diabetic dyslipidemia, emerged as another possible underlying link between T2DM and CRC. Growing evidence suggests that antidiabetic medications may have beneficial effects in CRC prevention. According to findings from a limited number of preclinical and clinical studies, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) could be a promising strategy in reducing the incidence of CRC in patients with diabetes. However, available findings are inconclusive, and further studies are required. In this review, novel evidence on molecular mechanisms linking T2DM with CRC development, progression, and survival will be discussed. In addition, the potential role of GLP-1RAs therapies in CRC prevention will also be evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212409
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
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    Effects of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Cholesterol Metabolism in Women with High-Risk Pregnancies: Possible Implications for Neonatal Outcome
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Metabolites Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2022-10-11), p. 959-
    Details
    In: Metabolites, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2022-10-11), p. 959-
    Abstract: Metabolic disorders in pregnancy, particularly gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), are associated with an increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcome and long-term cardiometabolic health of mother and child. This study analyzed changes of serum cholesterol synthesis and absorption markers during the course of high-risk pregnancies, with respect to the development of GDM. Possible associations of maternal lipid biomarkers with neonatal characteristics were also investigated. The study included 63 women with high risk for development of pregnancy complications. Size and proportions of small low-density (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles were assessed across trimesters (T1–T3), as well as concentrations of cholesterol synthesis (lathosterol, desmosterol) and absorption markers (campesterol, β-sitosterol). During the study, 15 women developed GDM, while 48 had no complications (non-GDM). As compared to the non-GDM group, women with GDM had significantly higher triglycerides in each trimester, while having a lower HDL-C level in T3. In addition, they had significantly lower levels of β-sitosterol in T3 (p 〈 0.05). Cholesterol synthesis markers increased across trimesters in both groups. A decrease in serum β-sitosterol levels during the course of pregnancies affected by GDM was observed. The prevalence of small-sized HDL decreased in non-GDM, while in the GDM group remained unchanged across trimesters. Newborn’s size in the non-GDM group was significantly higher (p 〈 0.01) and inversely associated with proportions of both small, dense LDL and HDL particles (p 〈 0.05) in maternal plasma in T1. In conclusion, high-risk pregnancies affected by GDM are characterized by altered cholesterol absorption and HDL maturation. Advanced lipid testing may indicate disturbed lipid homeostasis in GDM.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2218-1989
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100959
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662251-8
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  • 4
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    Novel Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical-Based Approaches for Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention Targeting Atherogenic Small Dense LDL
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Pharmaceutics Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2022-04-09), p. 825-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceutics, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2022-04-09), p. 825-
    Abstract: Compelling evidence supports the causative link between increased levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. For that reason, the principal aim of primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention is to reach and sustain recommended LDL-C goals. Although there is a considerable body of evidence that shows that lowering LDL-C levels is directly associated with CVD risk reduction, recent data shows that the majority of patients across Europe cannot achieve their LDL-C targets. In attempting to address this matter, a new overarching concept of a lipid-lowering approach, comprising of even more intensive, much earlier and longer intervention to reduce LDL-C level, was recently proposed for high-risk patients. Another important concern is the residual risk for recurrent cardiovascular events despite optimal LDL-C reduction, suggesting that novel lipid biomarkers should also be considered as potential therapeutic targets. Among them, small dense LDL particles (sdLDL) seem to have the most significant potential for therapeutic modulation. This paper discusses the potential of traditional and emerging lipid-lowering approaches for cardiovascular prevention by targeting sdLDL particles.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4923
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040825
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527217-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A New Look at Novel Cardiovascular Risk Biomarkers: The Role of Atherogenic Lipoproteins and Innovative Antidiabetic Therapies
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Metabolites Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2022-01-24), p. 108-
    Details
    In: Metabolites, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2022-01-24), p. 108-
    Abstract: The presence of residual cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is a current dilemma in clinical practice; indeed, despite optimal management and treatment, a considerable proportion of patients still undergo major CV events. Novel lipoprotein biomarkers are suggested as possible targets for improving the outcomes of patients at higher risk for CVD, and their impact on major CV events and mortality have previously been investigated. Innovative antidiabetic therapies have recently shown a significant reduction in atherogenic lipoproteins, beyond their effects on glucose parameters; it has also been suggested that such anti-atherogenic effect may represent a valuable mechanistic explanation for the cardiovascular benefit of, at least, some of the novel antidiabetic agents, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. This emphasizes the need for further research in the field in order to clearly assess the effects of innovative treatments on different novel biomarkers, including atherogenic lipoproteins, such as small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL), lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) and dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The current article discusses the clinical importance of novel lipid biomarkers for better management of patients in order to overcome residual cardiovascular risk.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2218-1989
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020108
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662251-8
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Relationship Between the Apolipoprotein E Genotype and LDL Particle Size in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea
    SAGE Publications ; 2016
    In:  Angiology Vol. 67, No. 10 ( 2016-11), p. 937-944
    Details
    In: Angiology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 67, No. 10 ( 2016-11), p. 937-944
    Abstract: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with dyslipidemia and increased cardiovascular risk. We assessed the effects of apolipoprotein E ( APOE) genotype on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle size and lipid subclasses (separated by gradient gel electrophoresis) in patients with OSA. Stable patients (n = 181) prospectively recruited underwent full polysomnography. Both LDL particle size and LDL I proportion were reduced from ∊3∊3 homozygotes to ∊2 carriers and to ∊4 carriers (analysis of variance: P = .024; P = .040, respectively); carriers of the ∊4 allele of the APOE genotype had significantly lower LDL particle size and LDL I proportion compared to ∊3∊3 homozygotes ( P 〈 .05 for both comparisons). Insulin resistance increased from patients with no OSA to those with mild–moderate and to those with severe OSA ( P 〈 .001). In multivariate analysis, LDL size was independently predicted by APOE genotype, male gender, and the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS; P = .001, P = .020, P = .027, respectively). The HDL particle size was not affected by APOE genotype. Our data demonstrate that both the ∊4 APOE genotype and MetS are independently related to smaller LDL size in patients with OSA.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-3197 , 1940-1574
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0003319716636512
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2065911-8
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Role of Advanced Glycation End Products on Dyslipidemia
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Metabolites Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2023-01-03), p. 77-
    Details
    In: Metabolites, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2023-01-03), p. 77-
    Abstract: Disorders of lipoprotein metabolism and glucose homeostasis are common consequences of insulin resistance and usually co-segregate in patients with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Insulin-resistant subjects are characterized by atherogenic dyslipidemia, a specific lipid pattern which includes hypertriglyceridemia, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and increased proportion of small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Chronic hyperglycemia favors the processes of non-enzymatic glycation, leading to the increased production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Apart from direct harmful effects, AGEs are also potent inducers of oxidative stress and inflammation. In addition, increased AGEs’ production may induce further qualitative modifications of small, dense LDL particles, converting them to glycated LDLs. These particles are even more atherogenic and may confer an increased cardiovascular risk. In this narrative review, we summarize the available evidence of the pathophysiological role and clinical importance of circulating AGEs and glycated LDLs in patients with dyslipidemia, particularly those with DM and related complications. In addition, we discuss recent advances and the issues that should be improved regarding laboratory assessment of AGEs and glycated LDLs, as well as the possibilities for their therapeutic modulation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2218-1989
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010077
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662251-8
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Atherosclerosis Development and Progression: The Role of Atherogenic Small, Dense LDL
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Medicina Vol. 58, No. 2 ( 2022-02-16), p. 299-
    Details
    In: Medicina, MDPI AG, Vol. 58, No. 2 ( 2022-02-16), p. 299-
    Abstract: Atherosclerosis is responsible for large cardiovascular mortality in many countries globally. It has been shown over the last decades that the reduction of atherosclerotic progression is a critical factor for preventing future cardiovascular events. Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) have been successfully targeted, and their reduction is one of the key preventing measures in patients with atherosclerotic disease. LDL particles are pivotal for the formation and progression of atherosclerotic plaques; yet, they are quite heterogeneous, and smaller, denser LDL species are the most atherogenic. These particles have greater arterial entry and retention, higher susceptibility to oxidation, as well as reduced affinity for the LDL receptor. Increased proportion of small, dense LDL particles is an integral part of the atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype, the most common form of dyslipidemia associated with insulin resistance. Recent data suggest that both genetic and epigenetic factors might induce expression of this specific lipid pattern. In addition, a typical finding of increased small, dense LDL particles was confirmed in different categories of patients with elevated cardiovascular risk. Small, dense LDL is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which emphasizes the clinical importance of both the quality and the quantity of LDL. An effective management of atherosclerotic disease should take into account the presence of small, dense LDL in order to prevent cardiovascular complications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1648-9144
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/medicina58020299
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2088820-X
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Alteration in Redox Status and Lipoprotein Profile in COVID-19 Patients with Mild, Moderate, and Severe Pneumonia
    Hindawi Limited ; 2022
    In:  Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity Vol. 2022 ( 2022-11-14), p. 1-14
    Details
    In: Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2022 ( 2022-11-14), p. 1-14
    Abstract: Background. Metabolic alterations, particularly disorders of lipoprotein metabolism in COVID-19, may affect the course and outcome of the disease. This study aims at evaluating the lipoprotein profile and redox status in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with different pneumonia severity and their association with lethal outcomes. Methods. The prospective cohort study was performed on 98 COVID-19 patients with mild, moderate, and severe pneumonia. Lipid and inflammatory parameters, lipoprotein subclasses, and redox status biomarkers were determined at the study entry and after one week. Results. Compared to patients with mild and moderate pneumonia, severely ill patients had higher oxidised low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and malondialdehyde levels and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations and paraoxonase 1 activity. Reduction in the proportion of large HDL 2a subclasses with a concomitant increase in the proportion of smallest HDL 3c and small dense LDL (sdLDL) particles was observed in patients with severe disease during the time. However, these changes were reversed in the mild and moderate groups. The results showed a positive association between changes in oxLDL and total antioxidative status. However, prooxidants and antioxidants in plasma were lower in patients with lethal outcomes. Conclusions. Increased levels of oxLDL and sdLDL particles may contribute to the severity of COVID-19. The role of oxidative stress should be clarified in further studies, mainly its association with lethal outcomes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1942-0994 , 1942-0900
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2022/8067857
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2455981-7
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Effects of Rosiglitazone on Fasting and Postprandial Low- and High-Density Lipoproteins Size and Subclasses in Type 2 Diabetes
    SAGE Publications ; 2010
    In:  Angiology Vol. 61, No. 6 ( 2010-08), p. 584-590
    Details
    In: Angiology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 61, No. 6 ( 2010-08), p. 584-590
    Abstract: Rosiglitazone may increase cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. Yet, its effects on atherogenic dyslipidemia are still not fully elucidated. In a prospective open-label study rosiglitazone (4 mg/day for 12 weeks) was added to a maximum of 2 oral antidiabetic drugs in 18 diabetic patients. We evaluated the effects on plasma lipids before and after an oral fat load. The size and subclasses of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were also determined (by gradient gel electrophoresis). Rosiglitazone improved glycosylated hemoglobin ([HbA1c] P = .0023), without significant effects on fasting and postprandial plasma lipids. Fasting LDL size increased (+1.4%, P = .034), with less small, dense LDL-IIIA (-25.1%, P = .018). Postprandially, larger HDL-2b reduced (-8.7%, P = .006) and smaller HDL-3b increased (+12.2%, P = .05), without any effects on HDL size. Rosiglitazone led to antiatherogenic changes in LDL size and subclasses, with proatherogenic changes in HDL subclasses, despite no effects on plasma lipids. Their clinical relevance remains to be estab lished.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-3197 , 1940-1574
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0003319710366431
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2065911-8
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