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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Forage fish, their fisheries, and their predators: who drives whom?
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2014
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 71, No. 1 ( 2014-01-01), p. 90-104
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 71, No. 1 ( 2014-01-01), p. 90-104
    Abstract: Engelhard, G. H., Peck, M. A., Rindorf, A., Smout, S. C., van Deurs, M., Raab, K., Andersen, K. H., Garthe, S., Lauerburg, R. A. M., Scott, F., Brunel, T., Aarts, G., van Kooten, T., and Dickey-Collas, M. Forage fish, their fisheries, and their predators: who drives whom? – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 71: . The North Sea has a diverse forage fish assemblage, including herring, targeted for human consumption; sandeel, sprat, and Norway pout, exploited by industrial fisheries; and some sardine and anchovy, supporting small-scale fisheries. All show large abundance fluctuations, impacting on fisheries and predators. We review field, laboratory, and modelling studies to investigate the drivers of this complex system of forage fish. Climate clearly influences forage fish productivity; however, any single-species considerations of the influence of climate might fail if strong interactions between forage fish exist, as in the North Sea. Sandeel appears to be the most important prey forage fish. Seabirds are most dependent on forage fish, due to specialized diet and distributional constraints (breeding colonies). Other than fisheries, key predators of forage fish are a few piscivorous fish species including saithe, whiting, mackerel, and horse-mackerel, exploited in turn by fisheries; seabirds and seals have a more modest impact. Size-based foodweb modelling suggests that reducing fishing mortality may not necessarily lead to larger stocks of piscivorous fish, especially if their early life stages compete with forage fish for zooplankton resources. In complex systems, changes in the impact of fisheries on forage fish may have potentially complex (and perhaps unanticipated) consequences on other commercially and/or ecologically important species.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289 , 1054-3139
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fst087
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2014
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Surveillance indicators and their use in implementation of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2015
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 72, No. 8 ( 2015-10-01), p. 2269-2277
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 72, No. 8 ( 2015-10-01), p. 2269-2277
    Abstract: The European Union Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) uses indicators to track ecosystem state in relation to Good Environmental Status (GES). These indicators were initially expected to be “operational”, i.e. to have well-understood relationships between state and specified anthropogenic pressure(s), and to have defined targets. Recent discussion on MSFD implementation has highlighted an additional class of “surveillance” indicators. Surveillance indicators monitor key aspects of the ecosystem for which there is: first, insufficient evidence to define targets and support formal state assessment; and/or second, where links to anthropogenic pressures are either weak or not sufficiently well understood to underpin specific management advice. Surveillance indicators are not only expected to directly track state in relation to GES, but also to provide complementary information (including warning signals) that presents a broader and more holistic picture of state, and inform and support science, policy, and management. In this study, we (i) present a framework for including surveillance indicators into the Activity–Pressure–State–Response process, (ii) consider a range of possible indicators that could perform this surveillance role, and (iii) suggest criteria for assessing the performance of candidate surveillance indicators, which might guide selection of the most effective indicators to perform this function.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289 , 1054-3139
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsv131
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2015
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    SSG: 21,3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Increasing the uptake of multispecies models in fisheries management
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 80, No. 2 ( 2023-03-14), p. 243-257
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 80, No. 2 ( 2023-03-14), p. 243-257
    Abstract: Multispecies models have existed in a fisheries context since at least the 1970s, but despite much exploration, advancement, and consideration of multispecies models, there remain limited examples of their operational use in fishery management. Given that species and fleet interactions are inherently multispecies problems and the push towards ecosystem-based fisheries management, the lack of more regular operational use is both surprising and compelling. We identify impediments hampering the regular operational use of multispecies models and provide recommendations to address those impediments. These recommendations are: (1) engage stakeholders and managers early and often; (2) improve messaging and communication about the various uses of multispecies models; (3) move forward with multispecies management under current authorities while exploring more inclusive governance structures and flexible decision-making frameworks for handling tradeoffs; (4) evaluate when a multispecies modelling approach may be more appropriate; (5) tailor the multispecies model to a clearly defined purpose; (6) develop interdisciplinary solutions to promoting multispecies model applications; (7) make guidelines available for multispecies model review and application; and (8) ensure code and models are well documented and reproducible. These recommendations draw from a global assemblage of subject matter experts who participated in a workshop entitled “Multispecies Modeling Applications in Fisheries Management”.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1054-3139 , 1095-9289
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsad001
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468003-8
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    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21,3
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    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessing the state of pelagic fish communities within an ecosystem approach and the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2014
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 71, No. 7 ( 2014-10-01), p. 1572-1585
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 71, No. 7 ( 2014-10-01), p. 1572-1585
    Abstract: Pelagic fish are key elements in marine foodwebs and thus comprise an important part of overall ecosystem health. We develop a suite of ecological indicators that track pelagic fish community state and evaluate state of specific objectives against Good Environmental Status (GES) criteria. Indicator time-series are calculated for the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive “Celtic Seas” (CS) and “Greater North Sea” subregions. Precautionary reference points are proposed for each indicator and a simple decision process is then used to aggregate indicators into a GES assessment for each subregion. The pelagic fish communities of both subregions currently appear to be close to GES, but each remains vulnerable. In the CS subregion, fishing mortality is close to the precautionary reference point, although the unknown dynamics of sandeel, sprat, and sardine in the subregion may reduce the robustness of this evaluation. In the North Sea, sandeel stocks have been in poor state until very recently. Pelagic fish community biomass is slightly below the precautionary reference point in both subregions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289 , 1054-3139
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsu005
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2014
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 29056-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21,3
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    Online Resource
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Shifts in North Sea forage fish productivity and potential fisheries yield
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Applied Ecology Vol. 55, No. 3 ( 2018-05), p. 1092-1101
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 55, No. 3 ( 2018-05), p. 1092-1101
    Abstract: The results demonstrate that fisheries reference points for short‐lived planktivorous species are highly dynamic and respond rapidly to changes in system productivity. Furthermore, from an ecosystem‐based fisheries management perspective, a link between functional complementarity and productivity, indicates that ecosystem resilience may decline with productivity. Based on this, we advise that system productivity, perhaps monitored as forage fish growth, becomes an integral part of management reference points; in both single species and ecosystem contexts. However, to retain social license of biological advice when fish catch opportunities are reduced, it is crucial that shifts in productivity are thoroughly documented and made apparent to managers and stakeholders.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8901 , 1365-2664
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jpe.2018.55.issue-3
    DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13038
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
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    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identifying marine pelagic ecosystem management objectives and indicators
    Elsevier BV ; 2015
    In:  Marine Policy Vol. 55 ( 2015-05), p. 23-32
    Details
    In: Marine Policy, Elsevier BV, Vol. 55 ( 2015-05), p. 23-32
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0308-597X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2015.01.002
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1500650-5
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Exploring ecosystem‐based management in the North Atlantic
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Fish Biology Vol. 101, No. 2 ( 2022-08), p. 342-350
    Details
    In: Journal of Fish Biology, Wiley, Vol. 101, No. 2 ( 2022-08), p. 342-350
    Abstract: The United States, the EU and Canada established a trilateral working group on the ecosystem approach to ocean health and stressors under the Atlantic Ocean Research Alliance. Recognizing the Atlantic Ocean as a shared resource and responsibility, the working group sought to advance understanding of the Atlantic Ocean and its dynamic systems to improve ocean health, enhance ocean stewardship and promote the sustainable use and management of its resources. This included consideration of multiple ocean‐use sectors such as fishing, shipping, tourism and offshore energy. The working group met for 4 years and worked through eight steps that covered the development of common language as a basis for collaboration, challenges of stakeholder engagement, review of the governance mandates, exploring the links between sectors and ecosystems effects, identifying gaps in knowledge and uptake of science, identification of tools for ecosystem‐based management, customary best practice for tool development and communication of key research priorities. The key findings were that ecosystem‐based management enables new benefits and opportunities, and that we need to make the business case. Further findings were that adequate mandates and effective tools exist for ecosystem‐based management, and that ecosystem‐based management urgently requires integration of human dimensions, so we must diversify the conversation. In addition, it was found that stakeholders do not see their stake in ecosystem‐based management, so greater engagement with stakeholders and targeting of ocean literacy is required and a sustainable future requires a sustained investment in ecosystem‐based management, so long‐term commitment is key.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1112 , 1095-8649
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jfb.v101.2
    DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15168
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
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    SSG: 21,3
    SSG: 12
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