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  • Quadfasel, D.  (3)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Biased thermohaline exchanges with the Arctic across the Iceland–Faroe Ridge in ocean climate models
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2016
    In:  Ocean Science Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2016-04-13), p. 545-560
    Details
    In: Ocean Science, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2016-04-13), p. 545-560
    Abstract: Abstract. The northern limb of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation and its transport of heat and salt towards the Arctic strongly modulate the climate of the Northern Hemisphere. The presence of warm surface waters prevents ice formation in parts of the Arctic Mediterranean, and ocean heat is directly available for sea-ice melt, while salt transport may be critical for the stability of the exchanges. Through these mechanisms, ocean heat and salt transports play a disproportionally strong role in the climate system, and realistic simulation is a requisite for reliable climate projections. Across the Greenland–Scotland Ridge (GSR) this occurs in three well-defined branches where anomalies in the warm and saline Atlantic inflow across the shallow Iceland–Faroe Ridge (IFR) have been shown to be particularly difficult to simulate in global ocean models. This branch (IF-inflow) carries about 40 % of the total ocean heat transport into the Arctic Mediterranean and is well constrained by observation during the last 2 decades but associated with significant inter-annual fluctuations. The inconsistency between model results and observational data is here explained by the inability of coarse-resolution models to simulate the overflow across the IFR (IF-overflow), which feeds back onto the simulated IF-inflow. In effect, this is reduced in the model to reflect only the net exchange across the IFR. Observational evidence is presented for a substantial and persistent IF-overflow and mechanisms that qualitatively control its intensity. Through this, we explain the main discrepancies between observed and simulated exchange. Our findings rebuild confidence in modelled net exchange across the IFR, but reveal that compensation of model deficiencies here through other exchange branches is not effective. This implies that simulated ocean heat transport to the Arctic is biased low by more than 10 % and associated with a reduced level of variability, while the quality of the simulated salt transport becomes critically dependent on the link between IF-inflow and IF-overflow. These features likely affect sensitivity and stability of climate models to climate change and limit the predictive skill.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1812-0792
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/os-12-545-2016
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2183769-7
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Water mass distribution in Fram Strait and over the Yermak Plateau in summer 1997
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2000
    In:  Annales Geophysicae Vol. 18, No. 6 ( 2000-06-30), p. 687-705
    Details
    In: Annales Geophysicae, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 18, No. 6 ( 2000-06-30), p. 687-705
    Abstract: Abstract. The water mass distribution in northern Fram Strait and over the Yermak Plateau in summer 1997 is described using CTD data from two cruises in the area. The West Spitsbergen Current was found to split, one part recirculated towards the west, while the other part, on entering the Arctic Ocean separated into two branches. The main inflow of Atlantic Water followed the Svalbard continental slope eastward, while a second, narrower, branch stayed west and north of the Yermak Plateau. The water column above the southeastern flank of the Yermak Plateau was distinctly colder and less saline than the two inflow branches. Immediately west of the outer inflow branch comparatively high temperatures in the Atlantic Layer suggested that a part of the extraordinarily warm Atlantic Water, observed in the boundary current in the Eurasian Basin in the early 1990s, was now returning, within the Eurasian Basin, toward Fram Strait. The upper layer west of the Yermak Plateau was cold, deep and comparably saline, similar to what has recently been observed in the interior Eurasian Basin. Closer to the Greenland continental slope the salinity of the upper layer became much lower, and the temperature maximum of the Atlantic Layer was occasionally below  0.5 °C, indicating water masses mainly derived from the Canadian Basin. This implies that the warm pulse of Atlantic Water had not yet made a complete circuit around the Arctic Ocean. The Atlantic Water of the West Spitsbergen Current recirculating within the strait did not extend as far towards Greenland as in the 1980s, leaving a broader passage for waters from the Atlantic and intermediate layers, exiting the Arctic Ocean. A possible interpretation is that the circulation pattern alternates between a strong recirculation of the West Spitsbergen Current in the strait, and a larger exchange of Atlantic Water between the Nordic Seas and the inner parts of the Arctic Ocean.Key words: Oceanography: general (Arctic and Antarctic oceanography; water masses) - Oceanography: physical (general circulation)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1432-0576
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00585-000-0687-5
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1458425-6
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Observations of highly regular oscillations in the overflow plume downstream of the Faroe Bank Channel
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2006
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 111, No. C12 ( 2006-12-23)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 111, No. C12 ( 2006-12-23)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2006JC003693
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2006
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    SSG: 16,13
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