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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Supplementation with Folic Acid and Its Combinations with Other Nutrients on Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Narrative Review
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2021-08-26), p. 2966-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2021-08-26), p. 2966-
    Abstract: Cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease, among other cognitive dysfunctions, has been recognized as a major public health problem. Folic acid is a well-known essential nutrient whose deficiency has been linked to neurocognitive dysfunctions, owing to hyperhomocysteinemia, an independent risk factor for cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases, including cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s Disease, and vascular dementia. However, to date, there is certain controversy about the efficacy of vitamin supplementation in patients with these pathologies. Therefore, we have reviewed the available dietary intervention studies based on folic acid, either alone or in combination with different vitamins or nutrients into the progression of Alzheimer’s Disease and Cognitive impairment, highlighting the cognition and biochemical markers employed for the evaluation of the disease progression. Undeniably, the compiled information supports the potential benefits of vitamin supplementation in these pathologies, especially relevant to the aging process and quality of life, although more research is urgently needed to confirm these positive findings.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu13092966
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Low- and No-Calorie Sweetener (LNCS) Presence and Consumption among the Portuguese Adult Population
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 13, No. 11 ( 2021-11-22), p. 4186-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 11 ( 2021-11-22), p. 4186-
    Abstract: The use of low and no-calorie sweeteners (LNCS) in food and beverages has become increasingly common in the development and reformulation of products to reduce energy derived from added sugars. Our aim was to identify the presence and consumption of LNCS through food and beverages according to consumption patterns in a representative sample (n = 256) of the Portuguese adult population. The study had a descriptive cross-sectional observational design and was based on the application of a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Overall, it was found that 4.1% of the foods and 16.7% of the beverages consumed by the Portuguese adult population contained LNCS. Food groups mostly contributing to LNCS consumption were non-alcoholic beverages such as soft drinks and juices (34.2%); milk and dairy products (16.5%); appetizers such as chips (8.6%); sugars and sweets such as chocolates, candies, or chewing gums (6.1%); meat and derivative products (2.2%); cereals and derivatives (1.2%) and canned fruits (1.2%). Main LNCS consumed were acesulfame-K, sucralose, and aspartame, single or combined, although their prevalence of use differs greatly among foods, beverages, or tabletop sweeteners. In conclusion, LNCS were found across a wide variety of products available in the Portuguese market and their prevalence of inclusion in the diet of the population evidences the need to develop more studies on the evolution of LNCS intake and its impact on the full dietary model and health. Consequently, these food additives should be included in food composition databases and, periodically, updated to reflect the recurrent reformulation strategies adopted by the food industry in its efforts to reduce the energy contribution of added sugars.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu13114186
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Perception and knowledge of low‐ and no‐calorie sweeteners in multidisciplinary stakeholders from Spain
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Nutrition Bulletin Vol. 47, No. 4 ( 2022-12), p. 438-448
    Details
    In: Nutrition Bulletin, Wiley, Vol. 47, No. 4 ( 2022-12), p. 438-448
    Abstract: Low‐ and no‐calorie sweeteners (LNCS) as a category are one of the most thoroughly evaluated additives, and thus their safety has been largely recognised. However, their potential risks and benefits generate great controversy and discussion within countries' food policies and public debate. The goal of this study was to evaluate the degree of knowledge and the perception of key Spanish stakeholders about the role of LNCS in diet, their safety, regulatory issues and their impact on health and wellness, as well as to complete a SWOT analysis of the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats regarding this topic from their perspective. Participants ( n  = 45 stakeholders) completed an anonymous survey about their knowledge and perception of LNCS, their role in the diet, safety and legislation, as well as health issues and completed a SWOT analysis. Most of them agreed with aspects related to safety guarantees and authorisation procedure of LNCS; however, certain disparity in their opinion in relation to several of the topics was observed, especially regarding the possible role of LNCS in diet quality and health. Effective communication strategies to inform professionals and the general population, as well as new research that deepens our knowledge of the role of LNCS in weight management and other health outcomes seem to be urgently needed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1471-9827 , 1467-3010
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/nbu.v47.4
    DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12583
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020505-3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Hearing Function and Nutritional Status in Aviation Pilots from Spain Exposed to High Acoustic Damage
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 14, No. 20 ( 2022-10-15), p. 4321-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 20 ( 2022-10-15), p. 4321-
    Abstract: Noise-induced hearing loss is the most frequent and preventable occupational disease. Aviation pilots are a vulnerable population, as they spend many hours exposed to noise pollution in their working environment. Different studies suggest that certain dietary compounds may play a key role in the etiology and prevention of this pathology. We aimed to study the relationship linking auditory function, dietary intake, and some serum biomarkers in pilots, exposed to noise in the work environment. A total of 235 pilots, who undergo a periodic medical examination at the Centro de Instrucción de Medicina Aeroespacial (Madrid, SPAIN), were evaluated. Auditory function was assessed by tonal audiometry. Energy and nutrient intakes were estimated by 24 h recall (DIALTM program). Serum homocysteine (Hcy) was determined in a Cobas 6000TM multi-analyzer while folate, vitamin B12, and D were analyzed in a Cobas e411TM. The prevalence of hearing loss (HL) was 64.3%. HL was significantly related to age (r = 0.588, p ≤ 0.001) and flight hours (r = 0.283, p ≤ 0.001). A multiple linear regression model was used to assess the relationship among HL, flight hours, serum folate, and Hcy serum levels. HL was significantly (p 〈 0.050) associated with flight hours (β = 0.246), serum folate (β = −0.143), and serum Hcy (β = 0.227). Nutritional interventions would be of great interest to monitor and slow down the HL progression in populations exposed to noise pollution in their workplace.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu14204321
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Data_Sheet_1.PDF
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Nutrition Vol. 9 ( 2022-5-10)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Nutrition, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2022-5-10)
    Abstract: Foods for special medical purposes (FSMPs) are commercially available formulations used as a source of nutrition when administered orally or by tube feeding. This study examines, for the first time, the nutritional composition of enteral formulae (EFs) according to European nutritional guidelines. We developed a descriptive study on 118 EFs from 2020 to 2021. Formulae were classified as standard (SFs) and disease-specific (DSF). According to the protein-energy content, SFs were classified into G1, normoprotein-normocaloric; G2, normoprotein-hypercaloric; G3, hyperproteic-normocaloric; and G4, hyperproteic-hypercaloric. Disease-related formulae for metabolic stress, renal, cancer, pulmonary, diabetes, malabsorption, and surgery were studied. Macronutrient distribution, fatty acid profile (monounsaturated [MUFA], polyunsaturated [PUFA] , saturated [SFA]), derived fat quality indexes, and immuno-modulatory nutrients (omega-3, eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] , docosahexaenoic acid [DHA], arginine and nucleotides) per 1,500 kcal infused were calculated. In total, 53% were SFs, mainly normoproteic (G1, G2) with higher carbohydrate contents in normocaloric vs. hypercaloric SFs. The most balanced fatty acid profiles (MUFA: 17.7%; PUFA: 6.8%; SFA: 9.5%) belonged to G1. The PUFA/MUFA ratio: ≥0.5 was in 85.7% with a higher proportion of EPA+DHA (46%) vs. omega-3 (15.8%) in SFs. In DSFs (46.9%), higher carbohydrate content ( & gt;50%) was in malabsorption and surgery, whereas high-fat content ( & gt;50%) was in pulmonary and renal formulae. DSFs had higher SFA vs. MUFA content, except for diabetes. EPA and DHA were added in 45.5% (cancer, malabsorption, and surgery). Only 12.7% of DSFs had arginine and nucleotides. A higher proportion of SFs was found, in line with current European guidelines. Results highlighted a wide intra-group variability of nutrients among the formula selected. These findings are useful to evaluate the nutritional composition of EFs from a preventive and/or therapeutic perspective in clinical settings.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-861X
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.877875
    DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.877875.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2776676-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effectiveness of Community-Based Interventions Programs in Childhood Obesity Prevention in a Spanish Population According to Different Socioeconomic School Settings
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2020-09-02), p. 2680-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2020-09-02), p. 2680-
    Abstract: Overweight and obesity amongst childhood are currently global health issues. However, this is the best stage of life to prevent diseases and to promote healthy habits. In our study, we evaluate the effectiveness of the THAO Salud Infantil, a community-based intervention program, by means of a cross-sectional study carried out from 2009 to 2019 surveying children aged 3 to 12 years old (n = 27,686). During the study timeframe, overweight and obesity prevalence, according to both the International Obesity Task Force and Orbegozo Foundation criteria, showed a downward trend. Differences in the anthropometric variables were observed from the beginning to the end of the study, mainly in girls. Analysis of the influence of the socioeconomic status revealed that children from families with lower incomes are in greater risk of suffering from overweight and obesity and showed lower effectiveness of the actions proposed by the program. The overall results of the study confirmed the effectiveness of community-based interventions in terms of childhood overweight/obesity prevention.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu12092680
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intakes, Determinants and Dietary Sources in the Spanish Population: Findings from the ANIBES Study
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 15, No. 3 ( 2023-01-21), p. 562-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 3 ( 2023-01-21), p. 562-
    Abstract: The multiple roles of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in growth and general health are well documented. However, available intake data for the Spanish population are limited and lack gender and age considerations. Therefore, our goal was to assess dietary intake adequacy of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA, their determinants and their major food sources among the Spanish population. Due to their influence on various beneficial functions attributed to omega-3 PUFA, combined intake adequacy with folic acid (FA), vitamin B₁₂ and choline was also assessed. Intake data were obtained from the ANIBES cross-sectional study on a representative sample of the Spanish population (9–75 years; n = 2009), where dietary intake was analysed with a three-day dietary record. Median intake of total omega-3 PUFA stood at 0.81 g/day (0.56–1.19 g/day), with α-linolenic acid (ALA) at 0.61 g/day (0.45–0.85 g/day), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) at 0.03 g/day (0.01–0.12 g/day) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) at 0.06 g/day (0.0–0.20 g/day). Accordingly, 65% of the Spanish population showed insufficient intakes for total omega-3 PUFA; 87% for ALA, and 83% for combined EPA and DHA. Inadequate intakes were significantly higher in children, adolescents, and younger women of childbearing age (18–30 years). In contrast, inadequacy due to excessive intakes was almost negligible. Regarding omega-6 PUFA, total intake was 10.1 g/day (7.0–14.0 g/day), 10.0 g/day (6.9–13.9 g/day) for linoleic acid (LA) and 0.08 g/day (0.05–0.13 g/day) for arachidonic acid (AA). Non-compliance due to either insufficient or excessive intakes of LA stood at around 5% of the sample, with the elderly showing significantly higher degrees of inadequacy due to insufficient intakes (10%; p ≤ 0.05). Median omega-6 to omega-3 ratio was 12:1, and significantly higher in men compared to women (p ≤ 0.05); in children, adolescents and adults compared to the elderly (p ≤ 0.05); and in younger women of childbearing age compared to the older group (31–45 years) (p ≤ 0.001). Oils and fats and meat and meat products were the main dietary sources for the essential fatty acids LA and ALA, respectively. Meat and meat products were as well the main providers of AA, while fish and shellfish were almost exclusively the only sources of EPA and DHA. However, main food sources identified showed important differences across age groups. Finally, the total combined degree of inadequacy observed for omega-3 PUFA, FA, vitamin B₁₂ and choline reached 21.3% of the ANIBES population. The observed degree of inadequacy of omega-3 PUFA intakes among the Spanish population makes it urgent to increase its consumption and to consider the need for supplementation. This should also be the main strategy for the optimization of the omega-6/omega-3 ratio, as the adequacy observed for omega-6 intakes is relatively acceptable. Additional improvement of the dietary intake of FA, vitamin B12 and choline could contribute to the beneficial effects of omega-3 PUFA.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu15030562
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Iron Supplementation at the Crossroads of Nutrition and Gut Microbiota: The State of the Art
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 14, No. 9 ( 2022-05-04), p. 1926-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 9 ( 2022-05-04), p. 1926-
    Abstract: Gut microbiota has received significant attention owing to its decisive role in human health and disease. Diet exerts a significant influence on the variety and number of bacteria residing in the intestinal epithelium. On the other hand, as iron is a key micronutrient for blood formation and oxygen supply, its deficiency is highly prevalent worldwide. In fact, it is the most common cause of anemia and thus, iron supplementation is widespread. However, there is concern due to some potential risks linked to iron supplementation. Therefore, we have reviewed the available evidence of the effects that iron supplementation exerts on the gut microbiota as well as its potential benefits and risks. The compiled information suggests that iron supplementation is potentially harmful for gut microbiota. Therefore, it should be performed with caution, and by principle, recommended only to individuals with proven iron deficiency or iron-deficiency anemia to avoid potential adverse effects. In any case, large and long-term population studies are urgently needed to confirm or refute these results, mainly focused on vulnerable populations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu14091926
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
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