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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Conditional sanctioning in a legume– Rhizobium mutualism
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2021
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 118, No. 19 ( 2021-05-11)
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 118, No. 19 ( 2021-05-11)
    Abstract: Legumes are high in protein and form a valuable part of human diets due to their interaction with symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria known as rhizobia. Plants house rhizobia in specialized root nodules and provide the rhizobia with carbon in return for nitrogen. However, plants usually house multiple rhizobial strains that vary in their fixation ability, so the plant faces an investment dilemma. Plants are known to sanction strains that do not fix nitrogen, but nonfixers are rare in field settings, while intermediate fixers are common. Here, we modeled how plants should respond to an intermediate fixer that was otherwise isogenic and tested model predictions using pea plants. Intermediate fixers were only tolerated when a better strain was not available. In agreement with model predictions, nodules containing the intermediate-fixing strain were large and healthy when the only alternative was a nonfixer, but nodules of the intermediate-fixing strain were small and white when the plant was coinoculated with a more effective strain. The reduction in nodule size was preceded by a lower carbon supply to the nodule even before differences in nodule size could be observed. Sanctioned nodules had reduced rates of nitrogen fixation, and in later developmental stages, sanctioned nodules contained fewer viable bacteria than nonsanctioned nodules. This indicates that legumes can make conditional decisions, most likely by comparing a local nodule-dependent cue of nitrogen output with a global cue, giving them remarkable control over their symbiotic partners.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2025760118
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Nodulation and nitrogen fixation in Medicago truncatula strongly alters the abundance of its root microbiota and subtly affects its structure
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Environmental Microbiology Vol. 24, No. 11 ( 2022-11), p. 5524-5533
    Details
    In: Environmental Microbiology, Wiley, Vol. 24, No. 11 ( 2022-11), p. 5524-5533
    Abstract: The plant common symbiosis signalling (SYM) pathway has shared function between interactions with rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, the two most important symbiotic interactions between plants and microorganisms that are crucial in plant and agricultural yields. Here, we determine the role of the plant SYM pathway in the structure and abundance of the microbiota in the model legume Medicago truncatula and whether this is controlled by the nitrogen or phosphorus status of the plant. We show that SYM mutants ( dmi3 ) differ substantially from the wild type (WT) in the absolute abundance of the root microbiota, especially under nitrogen limitation. Changes in the structure of the microbiota were less pronounced and depended on both plant genotype and nutrient status. Thus, the SYM pathway has a major impact on microbial abundance in M . truncatula and also subtly alters the composition of the microbiota.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1462-2912 , 1462-2920
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/emi.v24.11
    DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16164
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020213-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Stable, fluorescent markers for tracking synthetic communities and assembly dynamics
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2024
    In:  Microbiome Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2024-05-07)
    Details
    In: Microbiome, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2024-05-07)
    Abstract: After two decades of extensive microbiome research, the current forefront of scientific exploration involves moving beyond description and classification to uncovering the intricate mechanisms underlying the coalescence of microbial communities. Deciphering microbiome assembly has been technically challenging due to their vast microbial diversity but establishing a synthetic community (SynCom) serves as a key strategy in unravelling this process. Achieving absolute quantification is crucial for establishing causality in assembly dynamics. However, existing approaches are primarily designed to differentiate a specific group of microorganisms within a particular SynCom. Results To address this issue, we have developed the differential fluorescent marking (DFM) strategy, employing three distinguishable fluorescent proteins in single and double combinations. Building on the mini-Tn 7 transposon, DFM capitalises on enhanced stability and broad applicability across diverse Proteobacteria species. The various DFM constructions are built using the pTn7-SCOUT plasmid family, enabling modular assembly, and facilitating the interchangeability of expression and antibiotic cassettes in a single reaction. DFM has no detrimental effects on fitness or community assembly dynamics, and through the application of flow cytometry, we successfully differentiated, quantified, and tracked a diverse six-member SynCom under various complex conditions like root rhizosphere showing a different colonisation assembly dynamic between pea and barley roots. Conclusions DFM represents a powerful resource that eliminates dependence on sequencing and/or culturing, thereby opening new avenues for studying microbiome assembly.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2049-2618
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01792-2
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2697425-3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Lifestyle adaptations of Rhizobium from rhizosphere to symbiosis
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2020
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 117, No. 38 ( 2020-09-22), p. 23823-23834
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 117, No. 38 ( 2020-09-22), p. 23823-23834
    Abstract: By analyzing successive lifestyle stages of a model Rhizobium– legume symbiosis using mariner-based transposon insertion sequencing (INSeq), we have defined the genes required for rhizosphere growth, root colonization, bacterial infection, N 2 -fixing bacteroids, and release from legume (pea) nodules. While only 27 genes are annotated as nif and fix in Rhizobium leguminosarum , we show 603 genetic regions (593 genes, 5 transfer RNAs, and 5 RNA features) are required for the competitive ability to nodulate pea and fix N 2 . Of these, 146 are common to rhizosphere growth through to bacteroids. This large number of genes, defined as rhizosphere-progressive, highlights how critical successful competition in the rhizosphere is to subsequent infection and nodulation. As expected, there is also a large group (211) specific for nodule bacteria and bacteroid function. Nodule infection and bacteroid formation require genes for motility, cell envelope restructuring, nodulation signaling, N 2 fixation, and metabolic adaptation. Metabolic adaptation includes urea, erythritol and aldehyde metabolism, glycogen synthesis, dicarboxylate metabolism, and glutamine synthesis (GlnII). There are 17 separate lifestyle adaptations specific to rhizosphere growth and 23 to root colonization, distinct from infection and nodule formation. These results dramatically highlight the importance of competition at multiple stages of a Rhizobium– legume symbiosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2009094117
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How Rhizobia Adapt to the Nodule Environment
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Bacteriology Vol. 203, No. 12 ( 2021-05-20)
    Details
    In: Journal of Bacteriology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 203, No. 12 ( 2021-05-20)
    Abstract: Rhizobia are a phylogenetically diverse group of soil bacteria that engage in mutualistic interactions with legume plants. Although specifics of the symbioses differ between strains and plants, all symbioses ultimately result in the formation of specialized root nodule organs that host the nitrogen-fixing microsymbionts called bacteroids. Inside nodules, bacteroids encounter unique conditions that necessitate the global reprogramming of physiological processes and the rerouting of their metabolism. Decades of research have addressed these questions using genetics, omics approaches, and, more recently, computational modeling. Here, we discuss the common adaptations of rhizobia to the nodule environment that define the core principles of bacteroid functioning. All bacteroids are growth arrested and perform energy-intensive nitrogen fixation fueled by plant-provided C 4 -dicarboxylates at nanomolar oxygen levels. At the same time, bacteroids are subject to host control and sanctioning that ultimately determine their fitness and have fundamental importance for the evolution of a stable mutualistic relationship.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9193 , 1098-5530
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JB.00539-20
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481988-0
    SSG: 12
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