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  • 1
    In: MATEC Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, Vol. 258 ( 2019), p. 02011-
    Abstract: This paper discusses the optimum seismic performance estimation analysis of the integrated multiple steel pipes bridge pier connected by shear panel damper (SPD). The optimization result to be expected to result in an easier structural design for the practical engineer. In this study, 405 different structural configurations with 35 and more variations of SPD thickness to be analyzed by non-linear static cyclic in order to quantify its energy dissipation. The optimum energy dissipation to be assumed as analogous with best objective seismic perfor- mance in order avoiding time consumption of numerical analysis. Furthermore, the SPD’s thickness related optimum energy dissipation of each structural configuration was successfully predicted by multi-parameter es- timation analysis with the artificial neural network (ANN) method. As the result, the R -value and the average error value of the estimated optimum SPD’s thickness compared with analytical result were 0.988 and 2.38%, respectively. With the estimated empirical equation result, the practical engineer could determine the structural configuration in the optimum seismic performance easily.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2261-236X
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 2
    In: MATEC Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, Vol. 258 ( 2019), p. 02020-
    Abstract: Flexible pavement is a road pavement type which is commonly used, however rigid pavement is also widely used now days in Indonesia. It has even been used for local roads (managed by local authority), which take in heavy vehicle loads. This rigid pavement is used because it has longer service life and higher durability. The need for a durable road resulted in higher construction costs, whereas the budget for local road design and construction is often limited. This study aims to evaluate the agency costs that must be incurred for flexible and rigid pavement construction. Two alternatives of design life are simulated for each type of pavement, namely design lives of 10+10 year and 20 year for flexible pavement and design lives of 20+20 year and 40 year for rigid pavement. The agency costs of those alternatives are analysed using Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) program-RealCost 2.5. The results show agency costs for alternative flexible pavement 1 (design life of 10y + 10y) and alternative 2 (design life of 20 y) are $ 1,421,930 and $ 1,061,680 respectively. Furthermore for the rigid pavement, the agency cost for alternative 1 (design life 20y + 20 y) and alternative 2 (design life 40 y) is $. 443,990 and $. 350,870 respectively.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2261-236X
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 3
    In: MATEC Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, Vol. 258 ( 2019), p. 03018-
    Abstract: Since a long time ago, Padang City has been recognized as one in most-earthquake and tsunami prone city in the world. The successive significant earthquakes that have struck western coast of Sumatra Island from 2004 to 2010 seems to warn the city about its prone condition. The last major Padang-Pariaman earthquake on September 30, 2009, for instance, has caused hundreds of death and lousy damage to thousands of houses and buildings in city. Recently, several new multistory reinforced concrete (RC) buildings have been established in this area. Its include such buildings as government office, mosques, hotels, school and university. The city government plans to use these buildings as vertical evacuation facilities if an earthquake followed by a tsunami hit the city in the near-future. As a consequence, of course, these infrastructures should be well designed and constructed to resist the future earthquakes motion. This paper discusses an evaluation of the seismic performance of an existing multistory RC building in Padang city. The building was a ten-story of hotel RC building located near the coastline of Padang city. A series Pushover and Time History Analyses were conducted to examine the seismic performance of the target R/C building. It uses STructural Earthquake Response Analysis (STERA-3D), a computer software based on the nonlinear finite element method. The Pushover analysis was conducted for maximum drift ratio 1/200 in X and Y directions, respectively. The input ground motion in a maximum acceleration of about 400 gals and 600 gals for 60 seconds’ excitation were used for the Time History Analysis. These input ground motions were generated from the recorded ground motion of 2009 Padang-Pariaman earthquake. The result of the analyses suggest that the current target multistory RC building has outstanding seismic performance. The result is based on the level of damage of the structural components, base shear, inter-story drift, lateral displacement, dynamic responses and the seismic capacity spectrum of the analytical model.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2261-236X
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 4
    In: MATEC Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, Vol. 258 ( 2019), p. 05007-
    Abstract: The use of high strength reinforcing bars has becoming an interesting and cost-efficient option in construction industry recently. However, their use is limited due to their low deformability which might induce a brittle collapse in the structures. Also, longer development length is needed to transfer stress from reinforcing bars to the surrounding concrete. This paper focuses on investigating the influence of fibrous concrete and high-strength reinforcing bars on the behavior of structural elements. Five half-scaled specimens of interior joints using plain or fibrous concrete, reinforced with conventional 420 MPa or high strength reinforcing bar of 520 Mpa were experimentally tested. The two specimens of plain concrete, reinforced longitudinally with 16 mm and 19 mm reinforcing bars are defined as control specimens. The other test specimens were casted with Polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete (PFRC) with 16 mm and 19 mm longitudinal reinforcing bar. Loading protocol of all test specimens is defined according to ACI 374.2. The structure behavior, such as dissipated energy, bond between reinforcing bars and surrounding concrete, and stiffness degradation of the four specimens were evaluated and compared. The results obtained shows that the use of fiber increase the dissipated energy up to 27.5 % compared to specimens with plain concrete. Moreover, the peak strength of PFRC specimens was slightly increased (3% - 7%) compared to that of specimens with plain concrete. Moreover, there is an increase in peak-to-peak stiffness at elastic range loading with the addition of fiber, while no significant difference after the yields of longitudinal reinforcing bars.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2261-236X
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 5
    In: MATEC Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, Vol. 258 ( 2019), p. 02012-
    Abstract: The Alternate Load Path (ALP) is a useful method that has generated a considerable recent research interest for the assessment of progressive collapse. The outcome of the ALP analysis can be assessed either using the force-based approach or the energy-based approach. The Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC- 4- 023-03) of progressive collapse guideline - have outlined that the force-based approach can either be analysed using static or dynamic analysis. The force-based approach using static analysis is preferable as it does not require a high level of skill and experience to operate the software plus no effort is required in scrutinising the validity of the analysis results output. However, utilising the static approach will eliminate the inertial effect in capturing the actual dynamic response of the collapsed structure. In recent years, the development of the energy-based progressive collapse assessment is attracting widespread interest from researchers in the field; as the approach can produce a similar structural response with the force-based dynamic analysis by only using static analysis. Most of the current energy-based progressive collapse assessments are developed following the requirements which are given in the progressive collapse guidelines provided by the Unified Facilities Criteria. However, little attention is given to the development of the energy-based approach using the Eurocode standards as a base guideline. This article highlights the merits of utilising the energy-based approach against the force-based approach for a collapsed structure and explains the collapse mechanism of a steel frame in the perspective of the energy concept. The state of the art of energy-based progressive collapse assessment for a structural steel frame is reviewed. The comprehensive review will include insights on the development of the energy-based method, assumptions, limitations, acceptance criterion and its applicability with the European standards. Finally, potential research gaps are discussed herein.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2261-236X
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 6
    In: MATEC Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, Vol. 258 ( 2019), p. 04011-
    Abstract: Coarse aggregate is the dominant constituent in concrete. Aggregate hardness is a variable needed to investigate in determining its effect on the critical stress intensity factors (KIC), dissipated fracture energy (Gf) and compressive strength (fc’) of the concrete. The hardness of coarse aggregate based on Los Angeles abrasion values of 16.7%., 22.6%, and 23.1% was used incorporated with Portland Composite Cement (PCC), and superplasticizer to create specimens. Cubes of 150x150x150 mm were employed to determine the fc’, and four beam sizes: 50x100x350 mm, 50x150x500 mm, 50x300x950 mm and 50x450x1250 mm were engaged to determine KIC and Gf. The fc’ and Gf of specimens manufactured by three different hardness of coarse aggregates were 45, 43, 40 MPa and 89.4, 54.0, 56.3 N/m respectively. KIC of specimens was 138.9, 119.4 and 114.1 MPa.mm 1/2 for beam size of 50x100x350 mm; 148.2, 115.8 and 108.8 MPa.mm 1/2 for beam size of 50x150x500 mm; 230.9, 183.1 and 157.9 MPa.mm 1/2 for beam size of 50x300x950 mm; and 293.2, 248.1 and 244.3 MPa.mm 1/2 for beam size of 50x450x1250 mm. Experimental results showed that decreasing hardness of coarse aggregate was found to have significant effect on the fracture toughness rather than on the compressive strength of concrete.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2261-236X
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 7
    In: MATEC Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, Vol. 258 ( 2019), p. 05027-
    Abstract: The earthquake (EQ) frequency content can be high, moderate or low frequency, mainly depends on epicenter’s distance and local soil conditions. The EQ frequency content will affect on the inelastic response of building structures. According to Vision 2000 and FEMA 356 under particular hazard level, the building is expected to perform structural response either fully operational, immediate occupancy, life safety or near collapse. Numerical investigation of 10-stories mid-rise reinforced concrete frame structure subjected to variations of the earthquake frequency contents has been conducted. The building model is assumed to be located at Yogyakarta on the soft soil condition. The building model it was shaken by various EQ frequency contents and maximum ground accelerations (PGA) until approaching the global drift ratio (GDR) of 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25, 1.50, 1.75 and 2.00 %. Result of investigation show that the EQ high frequency is almost impossible to cause GDR ± 2.0% since it needs PGA as high as 4.01g. Under the possible maximum recorded PGA in the field, the only EQ with low frequency content which has capacity to cause maximum GDR reaches ± 2.0%. or at maximum of structural performance level. Between GDR and overall damage index (ODI) is linearly correlated, however boundaries of the performance levels according to GDR and ODI does not meet at the same point.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2261-236X
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 8
    In: MATEC Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, Vol. 258 ( 2019), p. 01017-
    Abstract: The corrugated roofing sheet of UPVC polymer material is the potential material to replace common roof materials that has been developed in Indonesia. This study describes the design of the roof profile and analysis of the roof structure to static load. The resulting roof profile is a hollow corrugated roofing sheet with five crests and four valleys. The effective width is 860 mm, 10 mm cavity thick, and 45 mm peak height. The finite element model of the hollow UPVC corrugated sheets roof structure shows that the roof structure is capable of withstanding the static load/ mass of 133 kg equivalent of two applicators and capable of withstanding the wind lift force equivalent to 99 km/ h.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2261-236X
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 9
    In: MATEC Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, Vol. 258 ( 2019), p. 05031-
    Abstract: A cusp is a curve which is made by projecting a smooth curve in the 3D Euclidean space on a plane. Such a projection results in a curve whose singularities are self-crossing points or ordinary cusps. Self-crossing points created when two different points of the curves have the same projection at a point. Ordinary cusps created when the tangent to the curve is parallel to the direction of projection on a single point. The study of a cusp geometry beam is more complex than that of a straight beam because the structural deformations of the cusp geometry beam depend also on the coupled tangential displacement caused by the singular geometry. The Isogeometric Approach (IGA) is a computational geometry based on a series of polynomial basis functions used to represent the exact geometry. In IGA, the cusp geometry of the beam element can be modeled exactly. A thick cusp geometry beam element can be developed based on the Timoshenko beam theory, which allows the vertical shear deformation and rotatory inertia effects. The shape of the beam geometry and the shape functions formulation of the element can be obtained from IGA. However, in IGA, the number of equations will increase according to the number of degree of freedom (DOF) at the control points. A new condensation method is adopted to reduce the number of equations at the control points so that it becomes a standard two-node 6-DOF beam element. This paper highlights the application of IGA of a cusp geometry Timoshenko beam element in the context of finite element analysis and proposes a new condensation method to eliminate the drawbacks elevated by the conventional IGA. Examples are given to verify the effectiveness of the condensation method in static and free vibration problems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2261-236X
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 10
    In: MATEC Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, Vol. 258 ( 2019), p. 01021-
    Abstract: Landfill leachate has many toxic substances, which may adversely affect the environmental health. The high concentration of heavy metal in landfill leachate creates complication to its removal and management. Hence this research was conducted to explore the ability of phytoremediation using Imperata cylindrica to remove Lead, Zinc and Cadmium; which is deemed to be nature friendly and sustainable. Raw landfill leachates were taken from the collection ponds at Jeram Sanitary Landfill and placed in fabricated phytoremediation system at UiTM laboratory. Heavy metal concentration of leachate from this system was monitored for 30 days. It was found that Imperata cylindrica is able to remove lead, Zinc and Cadmium from the leachate.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2261-236X
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2019
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