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  • Perondi, Francesca  (7)
  • 1
    Online Resource
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    Evaluation of Symmetric Dimethylarginine (SDMA) in Dogs with Acute Pancreatitis
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Veterinary Sciences Vol. 7, No. 2 ( 2020-06-01), p. 72-
    Details
    In: Veterinary Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 2 ( 2020-06-01), p. 72-
    Abstract: Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) is considered an important biomarker of kidney dysfunction. The aims of the study were to evaluate SDMA in dogs with acute pancreatitis (AP) and its relationship with the presence of kidney injury and mortality. A cohort study including fifty-four dogs with AP diagnosed using compatible clinical and laboratory parameters, abnormal SNAP cPL and compatible abdominal ultrasound within 48 h from admission, was conducted. Dogs with history of renal and/or urinary diseases were excluded, along with dogs exposed to nephrotoxic drugs. Serum urea and creatinine and urinary output (UO) were recorded. Acute kidney injury (AKI) was diagnosed and graded using International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) guidelines. SDMA was measured using high performance liquid chromatography. Fifty-four dogs were included and divided in non-AKI (n = 37) and AKI dogs (n = 17). Twenty-three dogs (14 non-AKI) had SDMA 〉 15 μg/dL. Median SDMA was higher in AKI dogs than non-AKI dogs (25.7 vs. 13.93 μg/dL; p = 0.03). Dogs with normal creatinine (AP and AKI 1 dogs) had SDMA above reference range in 38% and 33% of cases, respectively. In AKI dogs, SDMA and creatinine were positively correlated (p = 0.006 r = 0.7). SDMA was not significantly different between survivors and non-survivors. Although further studies are warranted, SDMA may be a useful tool in canine AP, as a high SDMA may be related to subclinical kidney impairment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2306-7381
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7020072
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2768971-2
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  • 2
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    Essential and Non-Essential Amino Acids in Dogs at Different Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Veterinary Sciences Vol. 9, No. 7 ( 2022-06-30), p. 331-
    Details
    In: Veterinary Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 7 ( 2022-06-30), p. 331-
    Abstract: Abnormalities of serum amino acid profile, mostly characterized by a reduction in essential amino acids (EAAs) and an increase in non-essential amino acids (NEAAs), have been documented in human chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Amino acid disorders have been associated with CKD complications, such as metabolic acidosis and malnutrition. The aim of the present study was to evaluate EAAs and NEAAs in dogs affected by CKD at different IRIS stages, with particular reference to calcium–phosphate abnormalities, metabolic acidosis, and protein-energy wasting syndrome (PEW). Serum EAAs (L-histidine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-lysine, methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-threonine, tryptophan, L-valine, and L-arginine) and serum NEAAs (L-alanine, L-aspartic acid, L-cysteine, L-glutamic acid, glycine, proline, L-serine, and L-tyrosine) were analyzed with HPLC in a group of dogs with CKD (n = 62), and in a group of healthy dogs (n = 25). CKD dogs showed significantly lower serum levels of histidine (p 〈 0.000), isoleucine (p 〈 0.000), tryptophan (p 〈 0.000), alanine (p = 0.013), cysteine (p 〈 0.000), and serine (p = 0.002), and significantly higher levels of proline (p 〈 0.000), leucine (p = 0.001), lysine (p 〈 0.000), valine (p 〈 0.000), arginine (p = 0.002), glutamic acid (p = 0.002), and glycine (p = 0.010) compared to healthy dogs. Dogs with abnormal calcium x phosphate values showed significantly higher levels of cysteine (p = 0.003), and lower levels of tryptophan (p = 0.025) compared to CKD dogs with normal CaxP. Dogs with metabolic acidosis showed significantly higher levels of phenylalanine (p = 0.035) and leucine (p = 0.034) compared to CKD dogs without metabolic acidosis. Dogs with PEW showed significantly lower levels for most of amino acids. In PEW dogs, the median distribution of both EAAs (p = 0.000) and NEAAs (p = 0.001) was significantly lower. The serum pattern of both EAAs and NEAAs was significantly different in CKD dogs compared to healthy dogs, although no association with the progression of the IRIS stage was found.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2306-7381
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9070331
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 3
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    Urinalysis and Urinary GGT-to-Urinary Creatinine Ratio in Dogs with Acute Pancreatitis
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Veterinary Sciences Vol. 6, No. 1 ( 2019-03-13), p. 27-
    Details
    In: Veterinary Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 6, No. 1 ( 2019-03-13), p. 27-
    Abstract: In acute pancreatitis (AP), kidney injury (KI) can occur. Urinalysis and some urinary biomarkers have been proposed as prognostic tools in human AP. The aim of the study was to evaluate urinalysis and urinary GGT-to-urinary creatinine (uGGT/uCr) in canine AP and their association with possible outcomes. AP diagnosis was based on clinical and laboratory parameters, abnormal SNAP® cPL™ test and compatible imaging. Urinary KI (uKI) was defined if dogs had urinary casts and/or proteinuria. Dogs (n = 70) were divided in survivors and non-survivors according to the 15-day outcome. Data were analyzed using statistical software. Seventy dogs were retrospectively included, of which 24 dogs (34%) died. uKI was detected in 36 dogs (37%) which was associated with mortality (p = 0.01, Odds ratio (OR) 3.9, 95% CI 1.3–11.56). Non-survivors showed higher dipstick bilirubin levels than survivors (p = 0.0022). By excluding active sediments, urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPC) ≥2 was associated with mortality (p = 0.001, OR 47.5, 95% CI 4–571.9). The uGGT/uCr was available in 40 dogs, although no association of this factor with any outcome was found. The UPC ≥2 can be a negative prognostic factor in canine AP and further studies on uGGT/uCr are warranted.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2306-7381
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/vetsci6010027
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 4
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    Serum Bicarbonate Deficiency in Dogs with Acute and Chronic Kidney Disease
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Veterinary Sciences Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2023-05-19), p. 363-
    Details
    In: Veterinary Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2023-05-19), p. 363-
    Abstract: Serum bicarbonate deficiency is a disorder frequently found in human patients with acute (AKI) and chronic (CKD) kidney disease, due to abnormalities in kidney generation and reabsorption of bicarbonate. Although alkali supplementation is usually performed in both humans and veterinary CKD patients, data regarding the frequency of bicarbonate disorders in AKI and CKD dogs are scarce. The aim of the present study is to assess the frequency and the severity of bicarbonate deficiency of dogs affected by AKI, acute chronic kidney disease (ACKD), and CKD, and to investigate its possible association with the IRIS grade/stage as well as with disorders of calcium phosphate metabolism. A retrospective evaluation of the serum biochemical panels of all dogs with diagnoses of AKI, ACKD, and CKD referred to the nephrology and urology service of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Pisa, between January 2014 and January 2022, was performed. Bicarbonate deficiency was defined as serum bicarbonate 〈 22 mmol/L and classified as moderate (between 18 and 22 mmol/L) or severe ( 〈 18 mmol/L). Serum bicarbonate deficiency was found in 397/521 dogs (76%), of which 142/397 (36%) showed moderate deficiency, and 255/397 (64%) severe deficiency. Dogs with AKI and ACKD showed a significantly higher frequency of bicarbonate deficiency (p = 0.004) and severe forms compared to CKD dogs (p = 0.02). In AKI and ACKD dogs, a negative linear correlation was found between serum bicarbonate and serum creatinine, urea, and phosphate. The frequency of bicarbonate deficiency was higher in the later stages of the disease in both AKI (p = 0.01), ACKD (p = 0.0003), and CKD dogs (p = 0.009). Dogs with serum CaxP ≥ 70 mg2/dL2 showed a higher frequency of bicarbonate deficiency (p = 0.01) and showed severe forms (p = 0.01) compared to dogs with CaxP 〈 70 mg2/dL2. Serum bicarbonate deficiency seems to be a very frequent disorder in both AKI, ACKD, and CKD dogs, with an increasing frequency and severity in more advanced stages of kidney disease. The higher frequency and severity of bicarbonate deficiency in AKI and ACKD may be caused by a more severe and sudden loss of kidney function, or extra-renal factors. Finally, the association between frequency and severity of bicarbonate deficiency and abnormal CaxP may suggest a potential connection between metabolic acidosis and bone mineral disorders.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2306-7381
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10050363
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 5
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    Evaluation of asymmetric dimethylarginine as an inflammatory and prognostic marker in dogs with acute pancreatitis
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine Vol. 34, No. 3 ( 2020-05), p. 1144-1149
    Details
    In: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Wiley, Vol. 34, No. 3 ( 2020-05), p. 1144-1149
    Abstract: Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) has been proposed as a severity marker in humans with acute pancreatitis (AP). Objectives To evaluate ADMA in dogs with AP compared with healthy dogs and its association with severity of disease, mortality, and indicators of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), including serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) concentration, WBC count, and band neutrophils. Animals Fifty‐four dogs with AP and a control group (CG) of 28 healthy dogs. Methods Cohort study including dogs with AP diagnosed using clinical and laboratory variables, abnormal canine pancreatic lipase (cPL) concentration, and compatible abdominal ultrasound examination findings performed within 48 hours of admission. Canine AP severity (CAPS) was calculated. Serum concentration of ADMA was measured using high performance liquid chromatography. Blood donor‐, staff‐, and student‐owned dogs were enrolled in the CG. Results Dogs with AP had higher median admission serum ADMA concentrations compared with the CG (62 versus 48.5 μg/dL; P = .003). Dogs with CAPS ≥11 had higher serum ADMA concentrations than did dogs with CAPS 〈 11 (92 versus 54.6 μg/dL P = .009). Univariable analysis for mortality, CAPS score, band neutrophils, CRP, and ADMA were included in multivariable logistic regression, in which only ADMA was associated with mortality ( P = .02). Survivors had a significant decrease in ADMA at first reevaluation compared to admission ( P = .02). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Because serum ADMA concentrations were higher in AP dogs compared with the CG, it may have value as a biomarker in the diagnosis of AP in dogs. In addition, because ADMA was associated with mortality, it may have prognostic value.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0891-6640 , 1939-1676
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jvim.v34.3
    DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15785
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2177690-8
    SSG: 22
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  • 6
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    Erythrogram Patterns in Dogs with Chronic Kidney Disease
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Veterinary Sciences Vol. 8, No. 7 ( 2021-06-30), p. 123-
    Details
    In: Veterinary Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 7 ( 2021-06-30), p. 123-
    Abstract: Anemia is considered a common finding in dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD), typically as normochromic, normocytic, and non-regenerative. Although anemia can occur at any CKD IRIS (International Renal Interest Society) stage, its severity is related with the loss of kidney function. The aim of the present study was to retrospectively evaluate quantitative and morphological abnormalities of the erythrogram in dogs at different CKD IRIS stages. A total of 482 CBCs from 3648 initially screened were included in the study. Anemia was present in 302/482 (63%) dogs, in the majority of which it was normochromic, normocytic, and non-regenerative (295/302; 98%). The number of reticulocytes was 〈 60,000/μL in the majority of dogs (248/295; 84%), with a correlation between poor regeneration rate and progression of CKD (p = 0.0001). The frequency of anemia significantly differed (p = 0.0001) among the IRIS stages: 108/231 (47%) in IRIS 2, 77/109 (71%) in IRIS 3, and 117/142 (82%) in IRIS 4. Dogs at IRIS stages 3 and 4 were more likely to have moderate to severe anemia, compared to dogs at IRIS stage 2 (p = 0.0001). Anisocytosis was the most frequent morphological abnormality (291/482; 60%), whereas the presence of poikilocytosis showed an association with progression of IRIS stages (p = 0.009). Among different morphological abnormalities, the frequency of fragmented red blood cells and Howell–Jolly bodies showed a significant association with the progression of CKD. Anemia was a frequent finding in CKD dogs, mostly associated with none to poor regeneration rate. Similar to human medicine, advanced CKD stages are more frequently characterized by morphological alterations, such as fragmented red blood cells and Howell–Jolly bodies, which may suggest a more severe condition of reduced bone marrow activity and microangiopathy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2306-7381
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8070123
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 7
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    Alterations of selected serum biochemical and urinary parameters in dogs with chronic enteropathy
    ScopeMed ; 2022
    In:  Open Veterinary Journal Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2022), p. 578-
    Details
    In: Open Veterinary Journal, ScopeMed, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2022), p. 578-
    Abstract: Background: no specific study on concurrent nephropathy has been conducted in dogs with chronic enteropathy (CE), except for soft coated wheaten terriers. Moreover, limited information exists regarding urinary profile in dogs with CE. Aim: to describe, compare, and discuss the alterations in selected serum biochemical and urinary parameters in dogs with CE. Methods: multicentric retrospective study on dogs with CE diagnosed after exclusion of extra-gastrointestinal diseases. In addition, dogs with azotemia and lower urinary tract diseases were excluded. Information on Canine Chronic Enteropathy Activity Index Score (CCECAI), muscular condition score (MCS), presence of glycosuria, proteinuria [urine protein-to-creatinine (UPC) ratio 〉 0.5], and/or cylindruria ( 〉 1-2 casts/hpf) at diagnosis were gleaned from the medical records. Dogs were retrospectively classified as food-responsive enteropathy (FRE), immunosuppressant-responsive enteropathy (IRE) or non-responsive enteropathy (NRE) based on the presence of gastrointestinal histological inflammation and the treatment response. In addition, based on serum albumin concentration, dogs were classified as having protein-losing enteropathy. Resul ts: ninety CE dogs were included. Fifty-two dogs had mildly-to-severely decreased MCS and 38 dogs showed altered urinary parameters. No significant associations were found between CCECAI and altered urinary parameters. No significant association was found between PLE dogs and altered urinary parameters. PLE dogs showed higher prevalence of proteinuria than non-PLE dogs (p=0.03 OR 2.8 95%CI 1-6.8). Conclusion: despite the presence of altered urinary profile in dogs with CE, further studies are needed to explore a possible link between gastrointestinal and renal inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2226-4485
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.
    DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2022.v12.i4.21
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: ScopeMed
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651664-0
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