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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characterization of High-Risk HPV/EBV Co-Presence in Pre-Malignant Cervical Lesions and Squamous Cell Carcinomas
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Microorganisms Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2022-04-24), p. 888-
    Details
    In: Microorganisms, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2022-04-24), p. 888-
    Abstract: High-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) are the etiological agents of cervical cancer. However, a low proportion of HR-HPV-infected women finally develop this cancer, which suggests the involvement of additional cofactors. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) has been detected in cervical squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) as well as in low- (LSIL) and high-grade (HSIL) squamous intraepithelial lesions, although its role is unknown. In this study, we characterized HR-HPV/EBV co-presence and viral gene expression in LSIL (n = 22), HSIL (n = 52), and SCC (n = 19) from Chilean women. Additionally, phenotypic changes were evaluated in cervical cancer cells ectopically expressing BamHI-A Rightward Frame 1 (BARF1). BARF1 is a lytic gene also expressed in EBV-positive epithelial tumors during the EBV latency program. HPV was detected in 6/22 (27.3%) LSIL, 38/52 (73.1%) HSIL, and 15/19 (78.9%) SCC cases (p 〈 0.001). On the other hand, EBV was detected in 16/22 (72.7%) LSIL, 27/52 (51.9%) HSIL, and 13/19 (68.4%) SCC cases (p = 0.177). HR-HPV/EBV co-presence was detected in 3/22 (13.6%) LSIL, 17/52 (32.7%) HSIL, and 11/19 (57.9%) SCC cases (p = 0.020). Additionally, BARF1 transcripts were detected in 37/55 (67.3%) of EBV positive cases and in 19/30 (63.3%) of HR-HPV/EBV positive cases. Increased proliferation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was observed in cervical cancer cells expressing BARF1. Thus, both EBV and BARF1 transcripts are detected in low- and high-grade cervical lesions as well as in cervical carcinomas. In addition, BARF1 can modulate the tumor behavior in cervical cancer cells, suggesting a role in increasing tumor aggressiveness.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2607
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050888
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720891-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Role of Epstein-Barr Virus and Human Papillomavirus Coinfection in Cervical Cancer: Epidemiology, Mechanisms and Perspectives
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Pathogens Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2020-08-21), p. 685-
    Details
    In: Pathogens, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2020-08-21), p. 685-
    Abstract: High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is etiologically associated with the development and progression of cervical cancer, although other factors are involved. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) detection in premalignant and malignant tissues from uterine cervix has been widely reported; however, its contribution to cervical cancer development is still unclear. Here, a comprehensive analysis regarding EBV presence and its potential role in cervical cancer, the frequency of EBV/HR-HPV coinfection in uterine cervix and EBV infection in tissue-infiltrating lymphocytes were revised. Overall, reports suggest a potential link of EBV to the development of cervical carcinomas in two possible pathways: (1) Infecting epithelial cells, thus synergizing with HR-HPV (direct pathway), and/or (2) infecting tissue-infiltrating lymphocytes that could generate local immunosuppression (indirect pathway). In situ hybridization (ISH) and/or immunohistochemical methods are mandatory for discriminating the cell type infected by EBV. However, further studies are needed for a better understanding of the EBV/HR-HPV coinfection role in cervical carcinogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-0817
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9090685
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2695572-6
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Merkel cell polyomavirus detected in head and neck carcinomas from Chile
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2020
    In:  Infectious Agents and Cancer Vol. 15, No. 1 ( 2020-12)
    Details
    In: Infectious Agents and Cancer, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 15, No. 1 ( 2020-12)
    Abstract: The role of human polyomaviruses (HPyVs) in epithelial tumors such as head and neck carcinomas (HNSCCs) including oral and oropharyngeal carcinomas has not been established. In this study, we evaluated for the first time the presence of Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), BK human polyomavirus (BKPyV), and JC human polyomavirus (JCPyV) in HNSCCs from Chilean subjects. Methods One hundred and twenty HNSCCs were analyzed for the presence of MCPyV, BKPyV and JCPyV using real-time polymerase chain reaction procedures. In addition, 54 oral brushes from age- and sex-paired subjects were analyzed. Results Of the total of 120 HNSCCs, 15 were positive for MCPyV (12.5%). Only one case was positive for BKPyV (0.8%) and none for JCPyV (0%). In subjects without cancer, only one case (1.8%) resulted positive for MCPyV and none for JCPyV and BKPyV. MCPyV was associated with HNSCCs ( p  = 0.0239; OR = 7.571; 95% CI: 1.192–81.46). No association was found between age ( p  = 0.1996), gender ( p  = 0.7111) or differentiation status ( p   〉  0.9999) and MCPyV presence in HNSCCs. Conclusions MCPyVs were detected in HNSCCs from Chilean patients and were not detected in oral brushes from patients without cancer. More studies are warranted for defining an etiological role and clinical/molecular consequences of these viruses in HNSCCs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1750-9378
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s13027-020-0276-z
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2251117-9
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway in HPV-Driven Head and Neck Carcinogenesis: Therapeutic Implications
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Biology Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2023-04-29), p. 672-
    Details
    In: Biology, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2023-04-29), p. 672-
    Abstract: High-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) are the causal agents of cervical, anogenital and a subset of head and neck carcinomas (HNCs). Indeed, oropharyngeal cancers are a type of HNC highly associated with HR-HPV infections and constitute a specific clinical entity. The oncogenic mechanism of HR-HPV involves E6/E7 oncoprotein overexpression for promoting cell immortalization and transformation, through the downregulation of p53 and pRB tumor suppressor proteins, among other cellular targets. Additionally, E6/E7 proteins are involved in promoting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway alterations. In this review, we address the relationship between HR-HPV and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway activation in HNC with an emphasis on its therapeutic importance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-7737
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biology12050672
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661517-4
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection in Lung Cancer: Mechanisms and Perspectives
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Biology Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2022-11-23), p. 1691-
    Details
    In: Biology, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2022-11-23), p. 1691-
    Abstract: Lung cancer is a very prevalent and heterogeneous group of malignancies, and most of them are etiologically associated with tobacco smoking. However, viral infections have been detected in lung carcinomas, with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) being among them. The role of HR-HPVs in lung cancer has been considered to be controversial. This issue is due to the highly variable presence of this virus in lung carcinomas worldwide, and the low viral load frequently that is detected. In this review, we address the epidemiological and mechanistic findings regarding the role of HR-HPVs in lung cancer. Some mechanisms of HR-HPV-mediated lung carcinogenesis have been proposed, including (i) HPV works as an independent carcinogen in non-smoker subjects; (ii) HPV cooperates with carcinogenic compounds present in tobacco smoke; (iii) HPV promotes initial alterations being after cleared by the immune system through a “hit and run” mechanism. Additional research is warranted to clarify the role of HPV in lung cancer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-7737
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biology11121691
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661517-4
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Epstein–Barr Virus Infection in Lung Cancer: Insights and Perspectives
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Pathogens Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2022-01-21), p. 132-
    Details
    In: Pathogens, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2022-01-21), p. 132-
    Abstract: Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Tobacco smoke is the most frequent risk factor etiologically associated with LC, although exposures to other environmental factors such as arsenic, radon or asbestos are also involved. Additionally, the involvement of some viral infections such as high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs), Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus (JSRV), John Cunningham Virus (JCV), and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) has been suggested in LC, though an etiological relationship has not yet been established. EBV is a ubiquitous gamma herpesvirus causing persistent infections and some lymphoid and epithelial tumors. Since EBV is heterogeneously detected in LCs from different parts of the world, in this review we address the epidemiological and experimental evidence of a potential role of EBV. Considering this evidence, we propose mechanisms potentially involved in EBV-associated lung carcinogenesis. Additional studies are warranted to dissect the role of EBV in this very frequent malignancy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-0817
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020132
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2695572-6
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