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  • 1
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    Assessing the impact of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) protocol and Emotional Resilience Skills Training (ERST) among diverse public safety personnel
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  BMC Psychology Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2022-12-09)
    Details
    In: BMC Psychology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2022-12-09)
    Abstract: Public safety personnel (PSP; e.g., border services personnel, correctional workers, firefighters, paramedics, police, public safety communicators) are frequently exposed to potentially psychologically traumatic events. Such events contribute to substantial and growing challenges from posttraumatic stress injuries (PTSIs), including but not limited to posttraumatic stress disorder. Methods The current protocol paper describes the PSP PTSI Study (i.e., design, measures, materials, hypotheses, planned analyses, expected implications, and limitations), which was originally designed to evaluate an evidence-informed, proactive system of mental health assessment and training among Royal Canadian Mounted Police for delivery among diverse PSP (i.e., firefighters, municipal police, paramedics, public safety communicators). Specifically, the PSP PTSI Study will: (1) adapt, implement, and assess the impact of a system for ongoing (i.e., annual, monthly, daily) evidence-based assessments; (2) evaluate associations between demographic variables and PTSI; (3) longitudinally assess individual differences associated with PTSI; and, (4) assess the impact of providing diverse PSP with a tailored version of the Emotional Resilience Skills Training originally developed for the Royal Canadian Mounted Police in mitigating PTSIs based on the Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders. Participants are assessed pre- and post-training, and then at a follow-up 1-year after training. The assessments include clinical interviews, self-report surveys including brief daily and monthly assessments, and daily biometric data. The current protocol paper also describes participant recruitment and developments to date. Discussion The PSP PTSI Study is an opportunity to implement, test, and improve a set of evidence-based tools and training as part of an evidence-informed solution to protect PSP mental health. The current protocol paper provides details to inform and support translation of the PSP PTSI Study results as well as informing and supporting replication efforts by other researchers. Trial registration Hypotheses Registration: aspredicted.org, #90136. Registered 7 March 2022—Prospectively registered. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05530642. Registered 1 September 2022—Retrospectively registered. The subsequent PSP PTSI Study results are expected to benefit the mental health of all participants and, ultimately, all PSP.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2050-7283
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00989-0
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2705921-2
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  • 2
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    Prophylactic relationship between mental health disorder symptoms and physical activity of Royal Canadian Mounted Police Cadets during the cadet training program
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Psychology Vol. 14 ( 2023-5-16)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Psychology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 14 ( 2023-5-16)
    Abstract: Royal Canadian Mounted Police report experiencing extremely frequent potentially psychologically traumatic events (PPTE). In a recent study, approximately half of participating RCMP screened positive for one or more mental disorders, which is approximately five times the diagnostic proportion for the general Canadian population. Increased reporting of mental health symptoms been linked to PPTE exposures. Programs promoting physical activity may be useful interventions to supplement or pair with mental health interventions, providing anxiolytic, antidepressant, and stress-buffering effects. The current study was designed to assess the relationship between physical activity behaviors and reported mental health disorder symptoms of cadets during the Royal Mounted Canadian Police (RCMP) Cadet Training Program (CTP). The current study also examined the relationship between exercise and mental health disorder symptoms of cadets during the CTP. Methods The study included data from 394 cadets (76.1% male). An analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a series of t -tests were used to assess several differences across sociodemographic groups. Bivariate Spearman’s Rank correlations were performed between the average number of active calories burned per day, as recorded by Apple Watches, and changes in self-reported mental health disorder symptoms (i.e., Generalized Anxiety Disorder [GAD], Major Depressive Disorder [MDD] , Posttraumatic Stress Disorder [PTSD], Social Anxiety Disorder [SAD] . Alcohol Use Disorders [AUD], Panic Disorder [PD] ) from pre-training (starting the CTP) to pre-deployment (completing the CTP) 26 weeks later. Results There were statistically significant correlations between physical activity and self-reported mental health disorder symptom scores during CTP. Cadets who performed more physical activity from pre-training to pre-deployment had statistically significantly greater decreases in symptoms of GAD ( ρ  = −0.472, p   & lt; 0.001), MDD ( ρ  = −0.307, p   & lt; 0.001), PTSD ( ρ  = −0.343, p   & lt; 0.001), and AUD ( ρ  = −0.085, p   & lt; 0.05). There was no statistically significant relationship between physical activity and changes in PD symptoms ( ρ  = −0.037, p   & gt; 0.05). There were also no statistically significant relationships between pre-CTP mental health disorder symptom scores and the volume of physical activity performed during CTP. Conclusion There was evidence of a significant relationship between reductions in mental health disorder symptom scores and physical activity during the 26-week CTP. The results highlight the role that exercise can play as an important tool for reducing mental health disorder symptoms, considering there was no relationship between pre-CTP baseline mental health scores and physical activity performed during CTP. Further research is needed to understand differences in physical activity behaviours among cadets and serving RCMP.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-1078
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1145184
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2563826-9
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  • 3
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    Putative Risk and Resiliency Factors Among Royal Canadian Mounted Police Cadets Before and After the Cadet Training Program
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2024
    In:  Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology
    Details
    In: Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0882-0783 , 1936-6469
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s11896-024-09686-7
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2270654-9
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  • 4
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    Suicidal Ideation, Planning, and Attempts Among new Royal Canadian Mounted Police Cadets
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry Vol. 68, No. 9 ( 2023-09), p. 691-698
    Details
    In: The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, SAGE Publications, Vol. 68, No. 9 ( 2023-09), p. 691-698
    Abstract: Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) report diverse occupational stressors and repeated exposures to potentially psychologically traumatic events, which may increase the odds of screening positive for a mental disorder, and increase the risk of death by suicide. The current study was designed to provide prevalence information regarding suicidal behaviours (i.e., ideation, planning, attempts) and assess for sociodemographic differences among cadets at the start of the RCMP Cadet Training Program (CTP). Method Cadets ( n = 736, 74.0% male) were administered the structured Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview by a mental health clinician or a supervised clinical psychologist trainee. The interview includes an assessment of past month suicidal ideation, planning, attempts and lifetime suicide attempts. Results Within 1 month of starting the CTP, a small percentage of cadets reported past month suicidal ideation (1.6%) and no cadets reported any suicidal planning (0%) or attempts (0%). Lifetime suicide attempts were reported by (1.5%) of cadets. Conclusions The current results provide the first information describing the prevalence of suicidal ideation, planning, and attempts among RCMP cadets starting the CTP. The estimates of suicidal behaviours appear lower than the general population and lower than reports from serving RCMP. Higher prevalence estimates of suicidal behaviours reported by serving RCMP, relative to lower estimates among cadets starting the CTP in the current study, may be related to age, cumulative experiences or protracted exposures to operational and organizational stressors, rather than insufficient screening of recruits.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0706-7437 , 1497-0015
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/07067437221149469
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2035338-8
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  • 5
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    Cardioautonomic lability assessed by heart rate variability changes in Royal Canadian Mounted Police cadets during the cadet training program
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Psychology Vol. 14 ( 2023-9-27)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Psychology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 14 ( 2023-9-27)
    Abstract: The current study examined variations in cardioautonomic lability during the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) Cadet Training Program (CTP) between cadets starting their training who did or did not screen positive for one or more mental health disorders (i.e., posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD], major depressive disorder [MDD] , social anxiety disorder [SAD], generalized anxiety disorder [GAD] , panic disorder [PD], alcohol use disorder [AUD] ). Methods Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals integrated into Hexoskin garments were used to record ECG and heart rate Over the 26-week CTP. There were 31 heart rate variability (HRV) parameters calculated using Kubios Premium HRV analysis software. Mann–Whitney U -tests were used to perform groupwise comparisons of participant raw values and HRV during the CTP. Results A total of 157 cadets (79% male) were screened for any mental disorder using self-report surveys and then grouped by positive and negative screening. Analyses indicated a statistically significant ( p   & lt; 0.05) decrease in low frequency (LF): High Frequency (HF) variability during CTP, but only for cadets who endorsed clinically significant anxiety symptoms on the GAD-7 at the start of their training. There were no other statistically significant groupwise differences. Conclusion The results indicate the participants have excellent cardiac health overall and suggest potentially important differences between groups, such that cadets who endorsed clinically significant anxiety symptoms on the GAD-7 showed less variability in the LF:HF ratio over the course of the CTP. The relatively lower variability suggests decreased parasympathetic tone in those without clinically significant anxiety symptoms. The results also have important implications for future investigations of cardioautonomic dysfunction and chronic hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis deviations in policing populations with anxiety disorders; specifically, cardioautonomic inflexibility related to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In any case, the current results provide an important baseline for future cardiac research with cadets and serving officers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-1078
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1144783
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 6
    Online Resource
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    Putative risk and resiliency factors among Royal Canadian Mounted Police cadets
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Psychology Vol. 14 ( 2023-3-15)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Psychology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 14 ( 2023-3-15)
    Abstract: Mental health disorders are prevalent among active-duty Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officers. The current study was designed to assess whether RCMP cadets commencing the Cadet Training Program are inherently at greater risk of developing mental health challenges by statistically comparing cadet putative risk and resiliency scores to scores from young adult populations. The study was also designed to assess for sociodemographic differences in putative risk and resiliency variables among RCMP cadets in order to facilitate future comparisons. Methods Cadets ( n  = 772; 72.2% men) completed self-report measures of several putative risk variables (i.e., anxiety sensitivity, fear of negative evaluation, pain anxiety, illness and injury sensitivity, intolerance of uncertainty, and state anger) and resiliency. Scores were statistically compared to samples from Canadian, American, Australian, and European young adult populations. Results Cadets had statistically significantly lower scores on all putative risk variables and statistically significantly higher resiliency scores compared to the young adult populations. In the cadet sample, there were statistically significant differences in putative risk and resiliency variables across gender and sex. Conclusion Cadets’ significantly lower scores on putative risk variables and higher scores on resiliency suggest that they may be psychologically strong; as such, it may be that the nature of police work, as opposed to inherent individual differences in risk and resiliency, accounts for active-duty RCMP officers’ comparatively higher prevalence of mental health disorders over time. Clinical Trial Registration : ClinicalTrials.gov , Identifier NCT05527509.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-1078
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1048573
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 7
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    Daily survey participation and positive changes in mental health symptom scores among Royal Canadian Mounted Police Cadets
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Psychology Vol. 14 ( 2023-8-4)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Psychology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 14 ( 2023-8-4)
    Abstract: Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officers self-report high levels of mental health disorder symptoms, such as alcohol use disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, panic disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Participation in regular mental health monitoring has been associated with improved mental health disorder symptom reporting and may provide an accessible tool to support RCMP mental health. The current study assessed relationships between self-reported mental health disorder symptoms and the completion of daily surveys (i.e., daily mental health disorder symptom monitoring) by RCMP cadets during the Cadet Training Program (CTP). Methods Participants were RCMP cadets ( n  = 394; 76.1% men) in the Standard Training Program who completed the 26-week CTP and daily self-monitoring surveys, as well as full mental health assessments at pre-training (i.e., starting the CTP) and pre-deployment (i.e., ~2 weeks prior to deployment to the field). Symptoms of alcohol use disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, panic disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder were assessed. Changes in mental health disorder symptom reporting from pre-training to pre-deployment were calculated. Spearman’s rank correlations were estimated for number of daily surveys completed and change in mental health disorder symptom scores between pre-training and pre-deployment. Results There were statistically significant inverse relationships between number of daily surveys completed and number of mental health disorder symptoms reported; specifically, cadets who completed more daily surveys during CTP reported fewer symptoms of alcohol use disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, panic disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Conclusion An inverse correlation between number of daily surveys completed and mental health disorder symptom scores indicated that participation in daily mental health monitoring was associated with improvements in self-reported mental health disorder symptoms between pre-training and pre-deployment. Regular self-monitoring of mental health disorder symptoms may help to mitigate mental health challenges among RCMP cadets and officers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-1078
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1145194
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2563826-9
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