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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Nutrition Strategy and Life Style in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome—Narrative Review
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2021-07-18), p. 2452-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2021-07-18), p. 2452-
    Abstract: Here we present an extensive narrative review of the broadly understood modifications to the lifestyles of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The PubMed database was analyzed, combining PCOS entries with causes, diseases, diet supplementation, lifestyle, physical activity, and use of herbs. The metabolic pathways leading to disturbances in lipid, carbohydrate, and hormonal metabolism in targeted patients are described. The article refers to sleep disorders, changes in mental health parameters, and causes of oxidative stress and inflammation. These conditions consistently lead to the occurrence of severe diseases in patients suffering from diabetes, the fatty degeneration of internal organs, infertility, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, dysbiosis, and cancer. The modification of lifestyles, diet patterns and proper selection of nutrients, pharmacological and natural supplementation in the form of herbs, and physical activity have been proposed. The progress and consequences of PCOS are largely modifiable and depend on the patient’s approach, although we have to take into account also the genetic determinants.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu13072452
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dietary Natural Compounds and Vitamins as Potential Cofactors in Uterine Fibroids Growth and Development
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2022-02-09), p. 734-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2022-02-09), p. 734-
    Abstract: An analysis of the literature generated within the past 20 year-span concerning risks of uterine fibroids (UFs) occurrence and dietary factors was carried out. A link between Vitamin D deficiency and UFs formation is strongly indicated, making it a potent compound in leiomyoma therapy. Analogs of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, not susceptible to degradation by tissue 24-hydroxylase, appear to be especially promising and tend to show better therapeutic results. Although research on the role of Vitamin A in the formation of fibroids is contradictory, Vitamin A-enriched diet, as well as synthetic retinoid analogues, may be preventative or limit the growth of fibroids. Unambiguous conclusions cannot be drawn regarding Vitamin E and C supplementation, except for alpha-tocopherol. Alpha-tocopherol as a phytoestrogen taking part in the modulation of estrogen receptors (ERs) involved in UF etiology, should be particularly avoided in therapy. A diet enriched in fruits and vegetables, as sources of carotenoids, polyphenols, quercetin, and indole-3-carbinol, constitutes an easily modifiable lifestyle element with beneficial results in patients with UFs. Other natural substances, such as curcumin, can reduce the oxidative stress and protect against inflammation in leiomyoma. Although the exact effect of probiotics on uterine fibroids has not yet been thoroughly evaluated at this point, the protective role of dairy products, i.e., yogurt consumption, has been indicated. Trace elements such as selenium can also contribute to antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of a recommended diet. In contrast, heavy metals, endocrine disrupting chemicals, cigarette smoking, and a diet low in antioxidants and fiber were, alongside genetic predispositions, associated with UFs formation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu14040734
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Role of Oxidative Stress in the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Identification of Risk Factors Using AIP and Castelli Atherogenicity Indicators in Patients with PCOS
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Biomedicines Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2022-07-14), p. 1700-
    Details
    In: Biomedicines, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2022-07-14), p. 1700-
    Abstract: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies in females of reproductive age and may affect 5–14% of women. In women with PCO syndrome, metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and other elements of metabolic syndrome may occur. Patients with PCOS often have overweight and obesity, especially abdominal obesity, which is one of the risk factors for developing atherosclerosis. The atherogenicity indicators of AIP (atherogenic index of plasma) and Castelli’s index are used to assess the risk of developing atherosclerosis. Studies have shown an increase in the concentration and activity of oxidative stress markers in patients with PCOS compared to women without the disease. The aim of the present study was to evaluate oxidative stress parameters in patients with PCOS in relation to insulin resistance, BMI, and hyperandrogenemia and to correlate them with cardiovascular risk parameters. Conclusions: The severity of oxidative stress in women with PCOS correlates with exposure to cardiovascular diseases. The assessment of additional cardiovascular disease (CVD) parameters is useful in identifying the risk groups for cardiometabolic disease among PCOS patients. When additional risk factors such as hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance (IR) are present in patients with PCOS, it is reasonable to include preventive examinations early. It is also important to evaluate lipidograms, which will make it possible to determine indicators of atherogenicity. Patients with PCOS and IR are at particular risk for cardiovascular complications. PCOS should be considered an important risk factor for CVD, which occurs independently of the occurrence of obesity. This factor is related to the important role of insulin resistance, which occurs independently of obesity. Atherogenic factors (AIP and Castelli index) are useful additional parameters to assess the risk of cardiometabolic disease in PCOS patients, especially among groups with insulin resistance. The early detection of risk factors should be an integral part of the care of PCOS patients. In laboratory studies of women with PCOS, TG, TChol, HDL-c and LDL-c levels, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were most clearly correlated with exposure to cardiovascular disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9059
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071700
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720867-9
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Properly Balanced Reduction Diet and/or Supplementation Solve the Problem with the Deficiency of These Vitamins Soluble in Water in Patients with PCOS
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2021-02-26), p. 746-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2021-02-26), p. 746-
    Abstract: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an increasingly common problem for women in the reproductive age throughout the entire world. A reduction diet with a low glycaemic index (GI) has proved to support the treatment of PCOS. The aim of the study was to analyse the influence of the diet on the level of vitamins soluble in water. The study included 55 women, 40 of which suffered from PCOS (identified by means of the Rotterdam Criteria) and 15 healthy women of the Caucasian race. The level of vitamins before and after the dietary intervention was measured. The diet was a reduction diet with a reduced glycaemic index (GI). Biochemical analyses were made on the basis of liquid chromatography—Infinity 1260 Binary liquid chromatography (LC) Agilent Technology. The level of vitamins in the serum was analysed together with the consumption before and after the dietary intervention. A higher level of vitamin C in the plasma was observed before and after the dietary intervention in the PCOS group in comparison to the control group despite the lower intake of this vitamin in the PCOS group. The remaining vitamins were at a comparable or lower level (B1, B3, B5, B6 and B12). After the dietary intervention, only B1 and B9 were at a clearly lower level (a trend of p = 0.093 and p = 0.085). A properly balanced reduction diet with reduced GI improves the supply of vitamins in women with PCOS. An additional recommendation should be the additional supplementation of B1, niacinamide and the combination of folates with inositol. The level of vitamin C in the plasma may not be a good marker of its supply in the PCOS group.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu13030746
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessment of the Parameters of Oxidative Stress Depending on the Metabolic and Anthropometric Status Indicators in Women with PCOS
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Life Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2022-01-31), p. 225-
    Details
    In: Life, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2022-01-31), p. 225-
    Abstract: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies in females of reproductive age. In women with PCOS, metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance (IR), hyperinsulinemia, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and other elements of metabolic syndrome are likely to occur. Studies have shown an increase in the concentration and activity of oxidative stress (OS) markers in patients with PCOS, compared to that in unaffected women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the parameters of OS in PCOS and their activity in relation to women without menstrual disorders with a normal body weight. Then, we compared malonodialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), including overweight and obesity, hyperandrogenemia, and IR in the PCOS group. The study included 35 women aged 18–46, hospitalized for menstrual disorders in the form of infrequent menstruation. In 26 women, PCOS was diagnosed on the basis of the Rotterdam Criteria; these patients qualified for the study group. The control group (n = 21) consisted of patients without menstrual disorders and without PCOS in an ultrasound examination. Patients were diagnosed between the 2nd and 5th day of the cycle. The parameters of OS were analyzed and compared with the anthropometric parameters and the lipid profile of the patients. Enzymatic activity of GPx, CAT, SOD, and MDA levels was determined in both groups. MDA levels and CAT activity differed significantly between the groups. There was a decrease in MDA levels in the IR group and the involvement of GPx in the excess weight and obesity and IR group accompanied by an increase in hip circumference. It therefore seems that IR may be the main risk factor to exposure to OS in patients with PCOS, independent from obesity. In addition, GPx is involved in every step in the development of the pathological condition in PCOS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-1729
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/life12020225
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662250-6
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  • 6
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    Level of Potassium Is Associated with Saturated Fatty Acids in Cell Membranes and Influences the Activation of the 9 and 13 HODE and 5 HETE Synthesis Pathways in PCOS
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Biomedicines Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2022-09-09), p. 2244-
    Details
    In: Biomedicines, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2022-09-09), p. 2244-
    Abstract: Potassium helps to maintain the water–electrolyte and acid–base balance. There is little research on the relationship between plasma fatty acids (FAs), inflammatory mediators and red blood cell potassium levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study included 38 Caucasian women with PCOS. Potassium in the erythrocytes was determined by inductively coupled atomic plasma emission spectrometry. The FAs were analysed with gas chromatography, and liquid chromatography was used to separate the eicosanoids. The relationships between the potassium content and the amounts of fatty acids, as well as potassium and arachidonic acid (AAs) derivatives, were analysed. Significant negative correlations were found with, among others, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and arachidic acid, whereas a positive correlation was found with neuronic acid. Positive correlations were observed with 9, 13 HODE (derivatives synthetized from linolenic acid) and 5 oxo ETE and 5 HETE (from 5 LOX pathway). Saturated fatty acids reduce the influx of potassium into the cell by destabilizing the pH of the cytosol, and thus exacerbating the inflammatory response through the activation of the AA cascade. Therefore, improving the flow of potassium inside the cell is important in the treatment of patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9059
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092244
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720867-9
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