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  • 1
    In: Stroke, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 53, No. Suppl_1 ( 2022-02)
    Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) can assist in vessel occlusion (VO) identification in acute stroke patients. We aim to investigate the impact of using an AI-based software for automated VO detection on non-contrast CT (AI-VO) as compared to CT-Aangiograpphy (CTA). Methods: From April to October 2020 all patients admitted with a suspected acute ischemic stroke underwent urgent non-contrast CT / CTA / CTP and were treated accordingly. Hypoperfusion areas defined as Tmax 〉 6s on CTP (RAPID software), congruent with the clinical symptoms and a vascular territory, were considered VO (CTP-VO: ground truth). In addition, two experienced neuroradiologists blinded to CTP but not to clinical symptoms retrospectively evaluated CT and CTA to identify intracranial VO (CTA-VO). AI-VO was automatically determined by an AI-based software (Methinks). Results: Of the 338 patients included, 157 (46.5%) showed a CTP-VO (median Tmax 〉 6s: 73[29-127]ml). Overall sensitivity to detect CTP-VO was 50.3% for CTA-VO and 66.9% for AI-VO; specificity was 97.8% for CTA-VO and 86.2% for AI-VO. EVT was performed in 103 patients (EVT-VO: 65.6% of CTP-VO; Tmax 〉 6s: 102[63-160]ml); sensitivity to detect EVT-VO was 69% for CTA-VO and 79.6% for AI-VO; specificity was 95.3% for CTA-VO and 79.6% for AI-VO. The probability to detect a CTP-VO was higher with AI than with CTA for distal occlusions (figure). Accordingly, AI-VO sensitivity was higher than CTA-VO for angiographically confirmed M2/M3-MCA occlusions (80.7% vs 34.6%; p=0.002) but not for M1-MCA/ICA occlusions (82.1% Vs 88.1%;p=0.467). Conclusion: AI-assisted vessel occlusion identification on non-contrast CT may be a useful tool in acute stroke evaluation, especially for distal VO identification, potentially increasing endovascular treatment in these cases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0039-2499 , 1524-4628
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467823-8
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  • 2
    In: Stroke, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 54, No. Suppl_1 ( 2023-02)
    Abstract: Background and Aims: The rising pressure on medical services, highlighted throughout the pandemic, has revealed a need for alternative methods of hospital care. Our objective is to evaluate a home hospitalization virtual multimodal monitoring program (NORAHOME) for patients who have had a previous transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke, as an efficient strategy compared to Routine Clinical Practice (RCP). Methods: A prospective cohort study of consecutive patients with a suspected TIA or minor stroke evaluated at the emergency room of a tertiary hospital by a neurologist between 1st December 2020 and 1st June 2022, had completed NORAHOME and was compared with a historic control group of patients with a suspected TIA or minor stroke who had completed a conventional hospitalization (RCP) between 1st June and 30th November 2020. Results: 430 patient cases were analyzed, 215 patients in the prospective group were compared with a retrospective cohort of the same number of patients. Mean age 75.21 ± 12.6 years; 54.9% women. In the NORAHOME group we observed a recurrence rate of 2.3% (5 patients) and mortality of 2.8% (6 patients) during the follow up. In the RCP group 6.5% (14 patients) presented recurrence and 7% (15 patients) died. No significant differences were found in the risk of early recurrence, emergency room readmission or functional outcome between the groups. Conclusions: In our series of TIA and minor stroke patients, NORAHOME is a safe strategy compared to RCP. The development and implementation of digital home-hospitalization programs may reduce direct hospital costs by shortening length of stay and reducing hospital readmission. Moreover, the program improves self-assessed health outcomes reported by patients and their experience with the healthcare system compared to the RCP.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0039-2499 , 1524-4628
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467823-8
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  • 3
    In: Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery, BMJ
    Abstract: The influence of vascular imaging acquisition on workflows at local stroke centers (LSCs) not capable of performing thrombectomy in patients with a suspected large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke remains uncertain. We analyzed the impact of performing vascular imaging (VI+) or not (VI− at LSC arrival on variables related to workflows using data from the RACECAT Trial. Objective To compare workflows at the LSC among patients enrolled in the RACECAT Trial with or without VI acquisition. Methods We included patients with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke who were enrolled in the RACECAT Trial, a cluster-randomized trial that compared drip-n-ship versus mothership triage paradigms in patients with suspected acute LVO stroke allocated at the LSC. Outcome measures included time metrics related to workflows and the rate of interhospital transfers and thrombectomy among transferred patients. Results Among 467 patients allocated to a LSC, vascular imaging was acquired in 277 patients (59%), of whom 198 (71%) had a LVO. As compared with patients without vascular imaging, patients in the VI+ group were transferred less frequently as thrombectomy candidates to a thrombectomy-capable center (58% vs 74%, P=0.004), without significant differences in door-indoor-out time at the LSC (median minutes, VI+ 78 (IQR 69–96) vs VI− 76 (IQR 59–98), P=0.6). Among transferred patients, the VI+ group had higher rate of thrombectomy (69% vs 55%, P=0.016) and shorter door to puncture time (median minutes, VI+ 41 (IQR 26–53) vs VI− 54 (IQR 40–70), P 〈 0.001). Conclusion Among patients with a suspected LVO stroke initially evaluated at a LSC, vascular imaging acquisition might improve workflow times at thrombectomy-capable centers and reduce the rate of futile interhospital transfers. These results deserve further evaluation and should be replicated in other settings and geographies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1759-8478 , 1759-8486
    Language: English
    Publisher: BMJ
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2506028-4
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  • 4
    In: Stroke, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 53, No. Suppl_1 ( 2022-02)
    Abstract: Introduction: Current recommendations for regional stroke destination suggest that patients with an acute severe stroke should be triaged based on estimated time to arrival to a thrombectomy-capable center. We aimed to evaluate which time period available at the time that patient is triaged is able to discriminate which transfer modality should be chosen. Methods: We built and ordered logistic regression model adjusted for multiple comparisons with the RACECAT trial population using time periods available during triage: time from onset to emergency medical services (EMS) evaluation, estimated time of arrival to the thrombectomy-capable center and between centers distance. Estimated times were computed using a distance matrix API. Primary outcome was disability at 90 days, as assessed by the shift analysis on the modified Rankin score. Results: Of the 1369 patients evaluated, median time from onset to EMS evaluation, estimated time to arrival to the thrombectomy-capable center and between centers distances were 65 minutes (interquartile ratio (IQR) 43 to 138), 61 minutes (IQR 36 to 80) and 62 minutes (IQR 36 to 73), respectively. In patients transferred to local stroke centers, delay in EMS evaluation was associated with higher degrees of disability (for each 30 minutes delay, adjusted common odds ratio (acOR) 1.035, 97.5% confidence interval (CI) 1.005 to 1.066), with no influence in patients directly transferred to thrombectomy-capable centers (for each 30 minutes delay, acOR 0.999, 97.5% CI 0.981 to 1.018) (p interaction =0.048). In patients evaluated by EMS above 120 minutes after stroke onset, direct transfer to a thrombectomy-capable center was associated with lower degrees of disability (acOR 1.494, 95% CI 1.026 to 2.174). Conclusion: In the RACECAT trial, delay in EMS evaluation was associated with higher degrees of disability in patients transferred to local stroke centers and may serve as a potential biomarker for prehospital triage optimization.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0039-2499 , 1524-4628
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467823-8
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  • 5
    In: Stroke, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 53, No. Suppl_1 ( 2022-02)
    Abstract: Aim: We performed a histological and immune analysis of the clot in acute stroke patients to detect surrogates of stroke etiology. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study of consecutive patients with acute stroke who underwent thrombectomy that obtained extracted thrombus (ITACAT study). Several staining were performed to evaluate red blood cells/fibrin (hematoxylin/eosin), platelets (CD61) and leucocytes (CD4, CD8 and CD20). All patients received CT angio to detect extra/intracranial vascular stenosis and 30-day cardiac monitoring to diagnose AF. According to TOAST classification the thrombi were classified in cardioembolic etiology CE (T-CE), due to symptomatic atherosclerosis (T-AT) and without any cause (T-CRYP). We excluded strokes due to double cause or incomplete workup. Results: Of the 117 patients: 30 were T-AT, 55 were T-CE and 32 were T-CRYP. T-AT patients were younger: T-AT 68 years (60-77) Vs. T-CE 75 years (68-80) Vs. T-CRYP 72 years (55-81) (p=0.034). T-AT group had higher percentage of CD4: T-AT 6.52% (4-13) Vs. T-CE (3.31% (12.9) Vs .T-CRYP 3.72% (1.5-12) (p=0.015) and lower percentage of CD61: T-AT 51.18% (34-68) Vs. CE 64.70% (19.56) Vs. CRYP 70.3% (19) (p=0.001). There were no correlation between CD4 and platelets. Both CD4 OR 1.05 (1-1.10) (p=0.020) and CD61 (OR 0.96 (0.94-0.98) (p=0.01) independently predicted T-AT from the age. Final analysis (n=400 cases) will be ended in September 2021. Conclusions: Patients with high percentage of CD4 and low percentage of CD61 are related to atherosclerosis etiology.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0039-2499 , 1524-4628
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467823-8
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  • 6
    In: Stroke, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 54, No. Suppl_1 ( 2023-02)
    Abstract: Objective: To assess whether the effect of intravenous thrombolysis in patients with large-vessel occlusion differed between patients directly admitted to thrombectomy-capable centers and patients transferred from local stroke centers without thrombectomy capabilities. Methods: We included 3206 patients with an acute ischemic large-vessel stroke with first imaging within 7 hours after onset that were directly admitted to thrombectomy-capable centers and treated with thrombectomy, or transferred from local stroke centers for thrombectomy evaluation, between 2017 and 2021 in Catalonia, Spain. Primary outcome was the degree of disability at 90 days, as evaluated by the shift analysis on the mRs score. Secondary outcomes included mortality at 90 days and the rate of parenchymal hemorrhage and successful reperfusion. Inverse-probability weighting clustered at the type of stroke center was used to estimate the effects. Results: The analysis included 2268 patients (975[49%] treated with thrombolysis) directly admitted to thrombectomy-capable centers and 938 patients (580[66%] treated with thrombolysis and 616[67%] treated with thrombectomy) transferred from local stroke centers (mean age 72±13 years, median NIHSS score 17[IQR 12-21] , 1363 female[48%]). Patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis were younger, had shorter time from onset to first image acquisition, and higher rates of wake-up stroke, atrial fibrillation and anticoagulation intake. The effect of intravenous thrombolysis on the primary outcome was similar in patients directly admitted to thrombectomy-capable centers (acOR 1.50, 95% CI 1.24-1.81) and patients transferred from local stroke centers (acOR 1.44, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.01)(p interaction =0.68). Patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis had lower mortality rate, higher rate of parenchymal hematoma and similar rate of successful reperfusion, with no difference according to type of center (p interaction 〉 0.1). Conclusion: Administration of intravenous thrombolysis in patients with a large-vessel stroke with intention to thrombectomy was associated with higher odds of good functional outcome and higher rates of parenchymal hematoma, independently of the type of stroke center were it was administered.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0039-2499 , 1524-4628
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467823-8
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  • 7
    In: Stroke, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 54, No. Suppl_1 ( 2023-02)
    Abstract: Hypothesis: We aim to identify a profile of intracranial thrombus resistant to recanalization by standard mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in acute stroke treatment. Methods: First extracted clot of each MT were analyzed by Flow Cytometry obtaining composition of main leukocyte populations: granulocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes. Demographics, reperfusion treatment and grade of recanalization were registered. MT Failure ( MTF) was defined as final Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score IIa or lower and/ or need of permanent intracranial stenting as a rescue therapy after standard MT. In other cohort of cases, unconfined compression tests were performed to explore stiffness of retrieved clots . We looked for correlation between mechanical characterization tests and clot composition. Results: Among 225 patients, there were 13 % of MTF that were significantly associated to atherosclerosis etiology ( 33.3% vs. 15.9% ; p 0.021) , more passes ( 3 vs. 2; p 〈 0.001), higher proportion of clot granulocytes ( 82.46% vs. 68.90% ; p 〈 0.001) and lower proportion of clot monocytes ( 9.18% vs.17.34% ; p 〈 0.001). The proportion of clot granulocytes (aOR 1.07; 95% CI 1.01-1.14) remained as an independent marker of MTF. Among Thirty eight clots tested by unconfined compression median clot stiffness was 30.2 (IQR, 18.9-42.7) kPa. There was a positive correlation between granulocyte proportion and thrombi stiffness (Pearson’s r=0.35, p=0.032). Conclusions: There is a positive correlation between granulocyte proportion and thrombi stiffness that may explain endovascular resistance to recanalization. Influence of granulocytes within thrombus may be a target for future reperfusion treatments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0039-2499 , 1524-4628
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467823-8
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  • 8
    In: European Stroke Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 5, No. 4 ( 2020-12), p. 362-369
    Abstract: Spontaneous blood pressure drop within the first 24 h has been reported following arterial recanalisation in ischaemic stroke patients. We aimed to assess if spontaneous blood pressure drop within the first hour after mechanical thrombectomy is a marker of early neurological recovery. Patients and methods Retrospective observational single-centre study including ischaemic stroke patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy. Blood pressure parameters from admission, mechanical thrombectomy start, mechanical thrombectomy end and hourly within 24 h after mechanical thrombectomy were reviewed. Primary outcome was early dramatic neurological recovery (8-point-reduction in NIHSS or NIHSS ≤ 2 at 24 h). Secondary outcome was functional independence at 90 days (mRankin 0–2). Results We included 458 patients in our analysis. Two-hundred (43.7%) patients achieved dramatic neurological recovery following mechanical thrombectomy. One hour after mechanical thrombectomy end, median systolic blood pressure was significantly different between outcome groups (129 vs. 138 mmHg, p = 0.005) and a higher drop in median systolic blood pressure was seen in the dramatic neurological recovery group (15 vs. 9 mmHg). Optimal cut-off for predicting dramatic neurological recovery was a systolic blood pressure drop of 10.5 mmHg (sensitivity 0.54, specificity 0.55, AUC 0.55). On multivariate analysis, spontaneous systolic blood pressure drop was associated with higher odds of achieving dramatic neurological recovery (OR for 10 mmHg blood pressure drop 1.14, 95% CI 1.01–1.29, p = 0.04). No significative association between any blood pressure parameter drop and functional independence at 90 days was found. Discussion We hypothesised that spontaneous systolic blood pressure drop is a marker of successful reperfusion and, therefore, a marker of improvement of cerebral autoregulation due to the reduced final ischaemic core. Conclusion Spontaneous systolic blood pressure drop after mechanical thrombectomy is an early predictor of dramatic neurological recovery.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2396-9873 , 2396-9881
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2851287-X
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  • 9
    In: Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery, BMJ, Vol. 14, No. 12 ( 2022-12), p. 1270-1273
    Abstract: In patients with stroke, current guidelines recommend non-invasive vascular imaging to identify intracranial vessel occlusions (VO) that may benefit from endovascular treatment (EVT). However, VO can be missed in CT angiography (CTA) readings. We aim to evaluate the impact of consistently including CT perfusion (CTP) in admission stroke imaging protocols. Methods From April to October 2020 all patients admitted with a suspected acute ischemic stroke underwent urgent non-contrast CT, CTA and CTP and were treated accordingly. Hypoperfusion areas defined by time-to-maximum of the tissue residue function (Tmax) 〉 6 s, congruent with the clinical symptoms and a vascular territory, were considered VO (CTP-VO). In addition, two experienced neuroradiologists blinded to CTP but not to clinical symptoms retrospectively evaluated non-contrast CT and CTA to identify intracranial VO (CTA-VO). Results Of the 338 patients included in the analysis, 157 (46.5%) presented with CTP-VO (median Tmax 〉 6s: 73 (29–127) mL). CTA-VO was identified in 83 (24.5%) of the cases. Overall CTA-VO sensitivity for the detection of CTP-VO was 50.3% and specificity was 97.8%. Higher hypoperfusion volume was associated with increased CTA-VO detection (OR 1.03; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.04). EVT was performed in 103 patients (30.5%; Tmax 〉 6s: 102 (63–160) mL), representing 65.6% of all CTP-VO. Overall CTA-VO sensitivity for the detection of EVT-VO was 69.9% and specificity was 95.3%. Among patients who received EVT, the rate of false negative CTA-VO was 30.1% (Tmax 〉 6s: 69 (46–99.5) mL). Conclusion Systematically including CTP in acute stroke admission imaging protocols may increase the diagnosis of VO and rate of EVT.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1759-8478 , 1759-8486
    Language: English
    Publisher: BMJ
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2506028-4
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  • 10
    In: Stroke, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 50, No. Suppl_1 ( 2019-02)
    Abstract: Background: Endovascular therapies(EVT) have exponentially increased in the last few years. To maximize the benefits of EVT, complications related to the treatment need to be prevented or minimized with early detection and appropriate management. We implemented a specific registry to collect femoral post-puncture complications detected at different timepoints. Our aim was to identify factors associated with severe groin punction complications. Methods: Prospective study of consecutive patients treated with acute EVT or scheduled (angioplasty), admitted to our Stroke Unit from February2017-June2018. Post-catheterization femoral complications included: groin bleeding(GB), groin hematoma(GH), retroperitoneal hematoma(RH), femoral artery pseudoaneurysm(FAP), and artery dissection(AD). A specific registry was created for data collection at different timepoints: During or immediate post-EVT, at 24h post-compression and at discharge. Results: 384patients were treated with EVT(73%acute), mean age 71+/-13y.o, 69% men. Mynxgrip closure system was used in 346(91,8%). Compressive measures needed to be reinforced in 55 cases(14,5%)/changed in 15(4%). Early mobilization protocol(24-48h) was initiated in 335patients(92,3%). 9patients (2,8%) did not maintain the first 24h absolute rest. 57patients(15,1%) presented mild immediate complications(49GH,6GB). At 24h, 181(47,1%)patients presented GH(28,6%superficial, 18,2%internal) and 5GB(1,3%). At discharge, 29(8,1%)patients had presented clinically significant femoral complications: 16GH(13deep), 5FAP, 1AD, 4RH. 2 of those complications were fatal. Variables associated with severe complications at discharge were: age(p=0.037), non-use of mynxgrip(p=0.001), compressive replacement(p 〈 0.001), non-compliance of early mobilization protocol(p=0.014). Conclusion: In our series, we found a yield of 8,1% of clinically significant groin complications associated with the EVT (0,5% fatal). We indentified age, closure device, requirement to replace compressive and lack of accomplishment of the early mobilization protocol as predictors of these complications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0039-2499 , 1524-4628
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467823-8
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