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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Intraspecies Host Specificity of a Single-Stranded RNA Virus Infecting a Marine Photosynthetic Protist Is Determined at the Early Steps of Infection
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2007
    In:  Journal of Virology Vol. 81, No. 3 ( 2007-02), p. 1372-1378
    Details
    In: Journal of Virology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 81, No. 3 ( 2007-02), p. 1372-1378
    Abstract: Viruses are extremely abundant in seawater and are believed to be significant pathogens to photosynthetic protists (microalgae). Recently, several novel RNA viruses were found to infect marine photosynthetic protists; one of them is HcRNAV, which infects Heterocapsa circularisquama ( Dinophyceae ). There are two distinct ecotypes of HcRNAV with complementary intraspecies host ranges. Nucleotide sequence comparison between them revealed remarkable differences in the coat protein coding gene resulting in a high frequency of amino acid substitutions. However, the detailed mechanism supporting this intraspecies host specificity is still unknown. In this study, virus inoculation experiments were conducted with compatible and incompatible host-virus combinations to investigate the mechanism determining intraspecies host specificity. Cells were infected by adding a virus suspension directly to a host culture or by transfecting viral RNA into host cells by particle bombardment. Virus propagation was monitored by Northern blot analysis with a negative-strand-specific RNA probe, transmission electron microscopy, and a cell lysis assay. With compatible host-virus combinations, propagation of infectious progeny occurred regardless of the inoculation method used. When incompatible combinations were used, direct addition of a virus suspension did not even result in viral RNA replication, while in host cells transfected with viral RNA, infective progeny virus particles with a host range encoded by the imported viral RNA were propagated. This indicates that the intraspecies host specificity of HcRNAV is determined by the upstream events of virus infection. This is the first report describing the reproductive steps of an RNA virus infecting a photosynthetic protist at the molecular level.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-538X , 1098-5514
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01082-06
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495529-5
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Co-occurrence of DNA- and RNA-viruses infecting the bloom-forming dinoflagellate, Heterocapsa circularisquama, on the Japan coast
    The Plankton Society of Japan/The Japanese Association of Benthology ; 2009
    In:  Plankton and Benthos Research Vol. 4, No. 4 ( 2009), p. 129-134
    Details
    In: Plankton and Benthos Research, The Plankton Society of Japan/The Japanese Association of Benthology, Vol. 4, No. 4 ( 2009), p. 129-134
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1880-8247 , 1882-627X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3800/pbr.4.129
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Plankton Society of Japan/The Japanese Association of Benthology
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2657634-X
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparison of Genome Sequences of Single-Stranded RNA Viruses Infecting the Bivalve-Killing Dinoflagellate Heterocapsa circularisquama
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2005
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 71, No. 12 ( 2005-12), p. 8888-8894
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 71, No. 12 ( 2005-12), p. 8888-8894
    Abstract: Heterocapsa circularisquama RNA virus (HcRNAV) has at least two ecotypes (types UA and CY) that have intraspecies host specificities which are complementary to each other. We determined the complete genomic RNA sequence of two typical HcRNAV strains, HcRNAV34 and HcRNAV109, one of each ecotype. The nucleotide sequences of the viruses were 97.0% similar, and each had two open reading frames (ORFs), ORF-1 coding for a putative polyprotein having protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domains and ORF-2 encoding a single major capsid protein. Phylogenetic analysis of the RdRp amino acid sequence suggested that HcRNAV belongs to a new previously unrecognized virus group. Four regions in ORF-2 had amino acid substitutions when HcRNAV34 was compared to HcRNAV109. We used a reverse transcription-nested PCR system to amplify the corresponding regions and also examined RNAs purified from six other HcRNAV strains with known host ranges. We also looked at natural marine sediment samples. Phylogenetic dendrograms for the amplicons correlated with the intraspecies host specificities of the test virus strains. The cloned sequences found in sediment also exhibited considerable similarities to either the UA-type or CY-type sequence. The tertiary structure of the capsid proteins predicted using computer modeling indicated that many of the amino acid substitutions were located in regions on the outside of the viral capsid proteins. This strongly suggests that the intraspecies host specificity of HcRNAV is determined by nanostructures on the virus surface that may affect binding to suitable host cells. Our study shows that capsid alterations can change the phytoplankton-virus (host-parasite) interactions in marine systems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.71.12.8888-8894.2005
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characterization of the Chaetoceros salsugineum nuclear inclusion virus coat protein gene
    Elsevier BV ; 2009
    In:  Virus Research Vol. 142, No. 1-2 ( 2009-06), p. 127-133
    Details
    In: Virus Research, Elsevier BV, Vol. 142, No. 1-2 ( 2009-06), p. 127-133
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0168-1702
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2009.01.021
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1500820-4
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Diverse Responses of the Bivalve-Killing Dinoflagellate Heterocapsa circularisquama to Infection by a Single-Stranded RNA Virus
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2008
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 74, No. 10 ( 2008-05-15), p. 3105-3111
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 74, No. 10 ( 2008-05-15), p. 3105-3111
    Abstract: Viruses are believed to be significant pathogens for phytoplankton. Usually, they infect a single algal species, and often their infection is highly strain specific. However, the detailed molecular background of the strain specificity and its ecological significance have not been sufficiently understood. Here, we investigated the temporal changes in viral RNA accumulation and virus-induced cell lysis using a bloom-forming dinoflagellate Heterocapsa circularisquama and its single-stranded RNA virus, HcRNAV. We observed at least three host response patterns to virus inoculation: sensitive, resistant, and delayed lysis. In the sensitive response, the host cell culture was permissive for viral RNA replication and apparent cell lysis was observed; in contrast, resistant cell culture was nonpermissive for viral RNA replication and not lysed. In the delayed-lysis response, although viral RNA replication occurred, virus-induced cell lysis was faint and remarkably delayed. In addition, the number of infectious virus particles released to the culture supernatant at 12 days postinoculation was comparable to that of the sensitive strain. By further analysis, a few strains were characterized as variants of the delayed-lysis strain. These observations indicate that the response of H. circularisquama to HcRNAV infection is highly diverse.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02190-07
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Virus resistance in the toxic bloom‐forming dinoflagellate Heterocapsa circularisquama to single‐stranded RNA virus infection
    Wiley ; 2009
    In:  Environmental Microbiology Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2009-11), p. 2915-2923
    Details
    In: Environmental Microbiology, Wiley, Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2009-11), p. 2915-2923
    Abstract: HcRNAV is the only known cultured dinoflagellate‐infecting RNA virus. Lysis of its host dinoflagellate Heterocapsa circularisquama caused by HcRNAV is followed by apparent cell regrowth. Here we investigate the mechanism supporting the survival phenomenon. The proportion of normal cells with intact nucleus decreased to ∼8% by 3 days post infection, and then, increased to 〉  90% at 15 days post infection. There were abnormal cells lacking an intact nucleus, and this was followed by propagation of virus‐resistant survivor cells. The proportion of HcRNAV‐resistant cells in three different subcultures and temporal fluctuations were compared: a clonal H. circularisquama culture without virus inoculation (virus‐sensitive, VS), a surviving isolate from the HcRNAV‐inoculated Culture‐VS incubated in autoclaved medium (virus‐resistant, VR) and a portion of Culture‐VR incubated with HcRNAV (VR incubated with virus, VR + V). The proportion of HcRNAV‐resistant cells in Culture‐VS was 0% and in Culture‐VR + V was 〉  94% during the experiment; and Culture‐VR fluctuated from 4% to 71%. Hence, the virus resistance was assumed to be reversible. Using Northern hybridization, viral genome accumulation was not detected in Culture‐VR + V cells either inoculated with HcRNAV or transfected with HcRNAV‐genome; thus, intracellular viral RNA replication was assumed to be interrupted in the virus‐resistant cells.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1462-2912 , 1462-2920
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/emi.2009.11.issue-11
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.02047.x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020213-1
    SSG: 12
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