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  • 1
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    Bias determination and precision validation of ozone profiles from MIPAS-Envisat retrieved with the IMK-IAA processor
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2007
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 7, No. 13 ( 2007-07-11), p. 3639-3662
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 7, No. 13 ( 2007-07-11), p. 3639-3662
    Abstract: Abstract. This paper characterizes vertical ozone profiles retrieved with the IMK-IAA (Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe – Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia) science-oriented processor from high spectral resolution data (until March 2004) measured by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) aboard the environmental satellite Envisat. Bias determination and precision validation is performed on the basis of correlative measurements by ground-based lidars, Fourier transform infrared spectrometers, and microwave radiometers as well as balloon-borne ozonesondes, the balloon-borne version of MIPAS, and two satellite instruments (Halogen Occultation Experiment and Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement III). Percentage mean differences between MIPAS and the comparison instruments for stratospheric ozone are generally within ±10%. The precision in this altitude region is estimated at values between 5 and 10% which gives an accuracy of 15 to 20%. Below 18 km, the spread of the percentage mean differences is larger and the precision degrades to values of more than 20% depending on altitude and latitude. The main reason for the degraded precision at low altitudes is attributed to undetected thin clouds which affect MIPAS retrievals, and to the influence of uncertainties in the water vapor concentration.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-7-3639-2007
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2007
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  • 2
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    Cross comparisons of O3 and NO2 measured by the atmospheric ENVISAT instruments GOMOS, MIPAS, and SCIAMACHY
    Elsevier BV ; 2005
    In:  Advances in Space Research Vol. 36, No. 5 ( 2005-1), p. 855-867
    Details
    In: Advances in Space Research, Elsevier BV, Vol. 36, No. 5 ( 2005-1), p. 855-867
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0273-1177
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2005.04.005
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2023311-5
    SSG: 16,12
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  • 3
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    Validation of MIPAS ClONO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 measurements
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2007
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2007-01-18), p. 257-281
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2007-01-18), p. 257-281
    Abstract: Abstract. Altitude profiles of ClONO2 retrieved with the IMK (Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung) science-oriented data processor from MIPAS/Envisat (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding on Envisat) mid-infrared limb emission measurements between July 2002 and March 2004 have been validated by comparison with balloon-borne (Mark IV, FIRS2, MIPAS-B), airborne (MIPAS-STR), ground-based (Spitsbergen, Thule, Kiruna, Harestua, Jungfraujoch, Izaña, Wollongong, Lauder), and spaceborne (ACE-FTS) observations. With few exceptions we found very good agreement between these instruments and MIPAS with no evidence for any bias in most cases and altitude regions. For balloon-borne measurements typical absolute mean differences are below 0.05 ppbv over the whole altitude range from 10 to 39 km. In case of ACE-FTS observations mean differences are below 0.03 ppbv for observations below 26 km. Above this altitude the comparison with ACE-FTS is affected by the photochemically induced diurnal variation of ClONO2. Correction for this by use of a chemical transport model led to an overcompensation of the photochemical effect by up to 0.1 ppbv at altitudes of 30–35 km in case of MIPAS-ACE-FTS comparisons while for the balloon-borne observations no such inconsistency has been detected. The comparison of MIPAS derived total column amounts with ground-based observations revealed no significant bias in the MIPAS data. Mean differences between MIPAS and FTIR column abundances are 0.11±0.12×1014 cm−2 (1.0±1.1%) and −0.09±0.19×1014 cm−2 (−0.8±1.7%), depending on the coincidence criterion applied. χ2 tests have been performed to assess the combined precision estimates of MIPAS and the related instruments. When no exact coincidences were available as in case of MIPAS – FTIR or MIPAS – ACE-FTS comparisons it has been necessary to take into consideration a coincidence error term to account for χ2 deviations. From the resulting χ2 profiles there is no evidence for a systematic over/underestimation of the MIPAS random error analysis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-7-257-2007
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2007
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  • 4
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    Global distribution of mean age of stratospheric air from MIPAS SF〈sub〉6〈/sub〉 measurements
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2008
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 8, No. 3 ( 2008-02-12), p. 677-695
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 8, No. 3 ( 2008-02-12), p. 677-695
    Abstract: Abstract. Global distributions of profiles of sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) have been retrieved from limb emission spectra recorded by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on Envisat covering the period September 2002 to March 2004. Individual SF6 profiles have a precision of 0.5 pptv below 25 km altitude and a vertical resolution of 4–6 km up to 35 km altitude. These data have been validated versus in situ observations obtained during balloon flights of a cryogenic whole-air sampler. For the tropical troposphere a trend of 0.230±0.008 pptv/yr has been derived from the MIPAS data, which is in excellent agreement with the trend from ground-based flask and in situ measurements from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division. For the data set currently available, based on at least three days of data per month, monthly 5° latitude mean values have a 1σ standard error of 1%. From the global SF6 distributions, global daily and monthly distributions of the apparent mean age of air are inferred by application of the tropical tropospheric trend derived from MIPAS data. The inferred mean ages are provided for the full globe up to 90° N/S, and have a 1σ standard error of 0.25 yr. They range between 0 (near the tropical tropopause) and 7 years (except for situations of mesospheric intrusions) and agree well with earlier observations. The seasonal variation of the mean age of stratospheric air indicates episodes of severe intrusion of mesospheric air during each Northern and Southern polar winter observed, long-lasting remnants of old, subsided polar winter air over the spring and summer poles, and a rather short period of mixing with midlatitude air and/or upward transport during fall in October/November (NH) and April/May (SH), respectively, with small latitudinal gradients, immediately before the new polar vortex starts to form. The mean age distributions further confirm that SF6 is destroyed in the mesosphere to a considerable degree. Model calculations with the Karlsruhe simulation model of the middle atmosphere (KASIMA) chemical transport model agree well with observed global distributions of the mean age only if the SF6 sink reactions in the mesosphere are included in the model.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-8-677-2008
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-8-677-2008-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2008
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  • 5
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    Intercomparison of ILAS-II version 1.4 and version 2 target parameters with MIPAS-Envisat measurements
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2008
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 8, No. 4 ( 2008-02-20), p. 825-843
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 8, No. 4 ( 2008-02-20), p. 825-843
    Abstract: Abstract. This paper assesses the mean differences between the two ILAS-II data versions (1.4 and 2) by comparing them with MIPAS measurements made between May and October 2003. For comparison with ILAS-II results, MIPAS data processed at the Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung, Karlsruhe, Germany (IMK) in cooperation with the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA) in Granada, Spain, were used. The coincidence criteria of ±300 km in space and ±12 h in time for H2O, N2O, and CH4 and the coincidence criteria of ±300 km in space and ±6 h in time for ClONO2, O3, and HNO3 were used. The ILAS-II data were separated into sunrise (= Northern Hemisphere) and sunset (= Southern Hemisphere). For the sunrise data, a clear improvement from version 1.4 to version 2 was observed for H2O, CH4, ClONO2, and O3. In particular, the ILAS-II version 1.4 mixing ratios of H2O and CH4 were unrealistically small, and those of ClONO2 above altitudes of 30 km unrealistically large. For N2O and HNO3, there were no large differences between the two versions. Contrary to the Northern Hemisphere, where some exceptional profiles deviated significantly from known climatology, no such outlying profiles were found in the Southern Hemisphere for both versions. Generally, the ILAS-II version 2 data were in better agreement with the MIPAS data than the version 1.4, and are recommended for quantitative analysis in the stratosphere. For H2O data in the Southern Hemisphere, further data quality evaluation is necessary.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-8-825-2008
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2008
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  • 6
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    Validation of nitric acid retrieved by the IMK-IAA processor from MIPAS/ENVISAT measurements
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2007
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 7, No. 3 ( 2007-02-14), p. 721-738
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 7, No. 3 ( 2007-02-14), p. 721-738
    Abstract: Abstract. The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) onboard the ENVISAT satellite provides profiles of temperature and various trace-gases from limb-viewing mid-infrared emission measurements. The stratospheric nitric acid (HNO3) from September 2002 to March 2004 was retrieved from the MIPAS observations using the science-oriented data processor developed at the Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung (IMK), which is complemented by the component of non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) treatment from the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA). The IMK-IAA research product, different from the ESA operational product, is validated in this paper by comparison with a number of reference data sets. Individual HNO3 profiles of the IMK-IAA MIPAS show good agreement with those of the balloon-borne version of MIPAS (MIPAS-B) and the infrared spectrometer MkIV, with small differences of less than 0.5 ppbv throughout the entire altitude range up to about 38 km, and below 0.2 ppbv above 30 km. However, the degree of consistency is largely affected by their temporal and spatial coincidence, and differences of 1 to 2 ppbv may be observed between 22 and 26 km at high latitudes near the vortex boundary, due to large horizontal inhomogeneity of HNO3. Statistical comparisons of MIPAS IMK-IAA HNO3 VMRs with respect to those of satellite measurements of Odin/SMR, ILAS-II, ACE-FTS, as well as the MIPAS ESA product show good consistency. The mean differences are generally ±0.5 ppbv and standard deviations of the differences are of 0.5 to 1.5 ppbv. The maximum differences are 2.0 ppbv around 20 to 25 km. This gives confidence in the general reliability of MIPAS HNO3 VMR data and the other three satellite data sets.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-7-721-2007
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2007
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  • 7
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    HDO measurements with MIPAS
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2007
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 7, No. 10 ( 2007-05-16), p. 2601-2615
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 7, No. 10 ( 2007-05-16), p. 2601-2615
    Abstract: Abstract. We have used high spectral resolution spectroscopic measurements from the MIPAS instrument on the Envisat satellite to simultaneously retrieve vertical profiles of H2O and HDO in the stratosphere and uppermost troposphere. Variations in the deuterium content of water are expressed in the common δ notation, where δD is the deviation of the Deuterium/Hydrogen ratio in a sample from a standard isotope ratio. A thorough error analysis of the retrievals confirms that reliable δD data can be obtained up to an altitude of ~45 km. Averaging over multiple orbits and thus over longitudes further reduces the random part of the error. The absolute total error of averaged δD is between 36‰ and 111‰. With values lower than 42‰ the total random error is significantly smaller than the natural variability of δD. The data compare well with previous investigations. The MIPAS measurements now provide a unique global data set of high-quality δD data that will provide novel insight into the stratospheric water cycle.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-7-2601-2007
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2007
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  • 8
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    MIPAS reduced spectral resolution UTLS-1 mode measurements of temperature, O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉, HNO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉, N〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O, H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O and relative humidity over ice: retrievals and comparison to MLS
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2009
    In:  Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Vol. 2, No. 2 ( 2009-07-21), p. 337-353
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 2, No. 2 ( 2009-07-21), p. 337-353
    Abstract: Abstract. During several periods since 2005 the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on Envisat has performed observations dedicated to the region of the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS). For the duration of November/December 2005 global distributions of temperature and several trace gases from MIPAS UTLS-1 mode measurements have been retrieved using the IMK/IAA (Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung/Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía) scientific processor. In the UTLS region a vertical resolution of 3 km for temperaure, 3 to 4 km for H2O, 2.5 to 3 km for O3, 3.5 km for HNO3 and 3.5 to 2.5 km for N2O has been achieved. The retrieved temperature, H2O, O3, HNO3, N2O, and relative humidity over ice are intercompared with the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS/Aura) v2.2 data in the pressure range 316 to 0.68 hPa, 316 to 0.68 hPa, 215 to 0.68 hPa, 215 to 3.16 hPa, 100 to 1 hPa and 316 to 10 hPa, respectively. In general, MIPAS and MLS temperatures are biased within ±4 K over the whole pressure and latitude range. Systematic, latitude-independent differences of −2 to −4 K (MIPAS-MLS) at 121 hPa are explained by previously observed biases in the MLS v2.2 temperature retrievals. Temperature differences of −4 K up to 12 K above 10.0 hPa are present both in MIPAS and MLS with respect to ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) and are likely due to deficiencies of the ECMWF analysis data. MIPAS and MLS stratospheric volume mixing ratios (vmr) of H2O are biased within ±1 ppmv, with indication of oscillations between 146 and 26 hPa in the MLS dataset. Tropical upper tropospheric values of relative humidity over ice measured by the two instruments differ by ±20% in the pressure range ~146 to 68 hPa. These differences are mainly caused by the MLS temperature biases. Ozone mixing ratios agree within 0.5 ppmv (10 to 20%) between 68 and 14 hPa. At pressures smaller than 10 hPa, MIPAS O3 vmr are higher than MLS by an average of 0.5 ppmv (10%). General agreement between MIPAS and MLS HNO3 is within the range of −1.0 (−10%) to 1.0 ppbv (20%). MIPAS HNO3 is 1.0 ppbv (10%) higher compared to MLS between 46 hPa and 10 hPa over the Northern Hemisphere. Over the tropics at 31.6 hPa MLS shows a low bias of more than 1 ppbv (〉50%). In general, MIPAS and MLS N2O vmr agree within 20 to 40 ppbv (20 to 40%). Differences in the range between 100 to 21 hPa are attributed to a known 20% positive bias in MIPAS N2O data.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1867-8548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/amt-2-337-2009
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2505596-3
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  • 9
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    Comparisons of MIPAS/ENVISAT ozone profiles with SMR/ODIN and HALOE/UARS observations
    Elsevier BV ; 2005
    In:  Advances in Space Research Vol. 36, No. 5 ( 2005-1), p. 927-931
    Details
    In: Advances in Space Research, Elsevier BV, Vol. 36, No. 5 ( 2005-1), p. 927-931
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0273-1177
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2005.03.015
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2023311-5
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  • 10
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    Mixing Processes during the Antarctic Vortex Split in September–October 2002 as Inferred from Source Gas and Ozone Distributions from ENVISAT–MIPAS
    American Meteorological Society ; 2005
    In:  Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences Vol. 62, No. 3 ( 2005-03-01), p. 787-800
    Details
    In: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 62, No. 3 ( 2005-03-01), p. 787-800
    Abstract: In late September 2002, an Antarctic major stratospheric warming occurred, which led to a strong distortion of the southern polar vortex and to a split of its mid- and upper-stratospheric parts. Such an event had never before been observed since the beginning of regular Antarctic stratospheric temperature observations in the 1950s. The split is studied by means of nonoperational level-2 CH4, N2O, CFC-11, and O3 data, retrieved at the Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research Karlsruhe (IMK) from high-resolution atmospheric limb emission spectra from the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on board the European research satellite, Environmental Satellite (ENVISAT). Retrieved horizontal and vertical distributions of CH4 and N2O show good consistency with potential vorticity fields of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analysis for the entire period under investigation, even for fine structures such as vortex filaments. Tracer correlation analysis suggests that mixing into the vortex had already occurred before the major warming and that vortex fragments were transported into the surrounding air masses on potential temperature levels above 400 K during the split. Correlation analysis of ozone with the source gases indicates slight ongoing ozone destruction in the lower-stratospheric vortex (below ∼500 K) after the beginning of the warming event.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0469 , 0022-4928
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JAS-3332.1
    RVK:
    UA 4800
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2005
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2025890-2
    SSG: 16,13
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