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  • 1
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    The impact of weight suppression and weight loss speed on baseline clinical characteristics and response to treatment
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  International Journal of Eating Disorders Vol. 51, No. 6 ( 2018-06), p. 542-548
    Details
    In: International Journal of Eating Disorders, Wiley, Vol. 51, No. 6 ( 2018-06), p. 542-548
    Abstract: Growing evidence suggests an impact of weight suppression (WS) on severity and course of symptoms in patients with eating disorders (ED), but no study explored also the role of the weight loss speed (WLS) together with WS on the same clinical variables, which is the aim of the present work. Method A mixed cross‐sectional and longitudinal cohort study was employed. Four hundred and fourteen patients with anorexia nervosa (AN = 208) or bulimia nervosa (BN = 206) according to DSM‐5 criteria were recruited and assessed at referral by means of clinical interviews and self‐reported questionnaires. Body mass index and diagnostic status were re‐evaluated at the end of treatment. Results WS was positively correlated with body dissatisfaction in patients with AN ( p  = .005), but negatively correlated in BN ( p  = .022). In contrast, WLS was significantly inversely correlated with age and duration of illness in all ED ( p   〈  .001), and positively correlated with drive for thinness in BN ( p  = .007). After treatment, WS at intake predicted higher BMI increase in both AN and BN ( p   〈  .03), while higher WLS was significantly associated with a lower drop‐out rate in patients with BN ( p  = .02), and predicted BMI increase only in restricting AN patients ( p  = .02). In the whole group, WLS significantly predicted remission status ( p  = .039). Discussion In our study, both WS and WLS were associated with baseline “core” clinical variables and provided complementary abilities to predict weight gain and remission at the end of treatment. If replicated, our data suggest the importance of considering both WS and WLS as useful clinical variables in the baseline assessment of ED.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0276-3478 , 1098-108X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/eat.v51.6
    DOI: 10.1002/eat.22861
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1492880-2
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  • 2
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    Food induced distractibility in restrictive anorexia nervosa: Different motor patterns for different foods as revealed by a mouse tracker evaluation.
    Elsevier BV ; 2023
    In:  Appetite Vol. 188 ( 2023-09), p. 106639-
    Details
    In: Appetite, Elsevier BV, Vol. 188 ( 2023-09), p. 106639-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0195-6663
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106639
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461347-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
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    Clinical and Cognitive Functioning Changes After Partial Hospitalization in Patients With Anorexia Nervosa
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Psychiatry Vol. 12 ( 2021-4-20)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Psychiatry, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2021-4-20)
    Abstract: Introduction: Anorexia nervosa is usually associated with emotional and cognitive difficulties. Little knowledge is available about the changes in cognitive functioning in patients undergoing treatments. The aim of the present study was to longitudinally assess the impact of partial hospitalization on clinical and cognitive functioning in anorexia nervosa. Materials and Methods: 56 women with anorexia nervosa according to DSM-5 criteria and 58 healthy women were enrolled in the study. At baseline, all participants underwent clinical, diagnostic and neuropsychological assessment (T0). Patients were also assessed at the end of the treatment program (T1; n = 56). Results: BMI improved significantly throughout treatment. At baseline, patients showed significantly poorer executive abilities and less specific autobiographical memory. After the day-hospital program, decision-making abilities improved significantly. Response to treatment was predicted by BMI at admission and duration of illness, but neuropsychological performance did not contribute to the prediction model. Discussion: Cognitive difficulties, mostly regarding executive functions, resulted differently affected by clinical improvement. In particular, while cognitive monitoring and cognitive inhibition appear to be mostly stable trait-like characteristics, decision-making is both more state-dependent and sensitive to clinical status. None of the cognitive variables added information about the response to day hospital treatment; patients with short duration of illness and a rapidly decreasing BMI would benefit more from intensive interventions than less “acute” patients. These observations, if confirmed by future studies, have important clinical implications in order to understand the impact of malnutrition on cognitive functioning and to provide individualized effective treatment for patients with anorexia nervosa.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-0640
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.653506
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2564218-2
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  • 4
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    Network analysis of specific psychopathology and psychiatric symptoms in patients with eating disorders
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  International Journal of Eating Disorders Vol. 51, No. 7 ( 2018-07), p. 680-692
    Details
    In: International Journal of Eating Disorders, Wiley, Vol. 51, No. 7 ( 2018-07), p. 680-692
    Abstract: Network analysis of psychiatric symptoms describes reciprocal relationships of individual symptoms, beyond categorical diagnoses. Those with eating disorders (EDs) frequently have complex patterns of comorbid symptoms and the transdiagnostic theory includes shared common core features across diagnoses. We aim to test whether general psychiatric symptoms comprise components of these transdiagnostic features. Methods Network analysis was applied on 2068 patients with EDs (955 anorexia nervosa [AN], 813 bulimia nervosa [BN] , and 300 binge‐eating disorder [BED]). All patients underwent clinical interviews and some self‐reported questionnaires, such as the Symptom Check‐List 90 (SCL‐90) to measure psychiatric symptoms, the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) to measure ED‐specific symptoms, and the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) for personality traits. Results Across EDs and within each ED, SCL‐90 scores of depression, anxiety and interpersonal sensitivity, EDI ineffectiveness, interoceptive awareness, interpersonal distrust, and drive for thinness had high centrality. Notably, body mass index (BMI) and EDI bulimia played a central role when considering the whole group, whereas they did not in individual EDs. Discussion The shared centrality of identified nodes in both individual and merged groups supported the transdiagnostic theory of EDs (diagnoses share core ED features), with a central role of BMI. Moreover, the most central nodes were general psychiatric symptoms, interpersonal domain, and self‐efficacy. These findings suggest that—in addition to ED‐core symptoms and BMI—depressive and anxiety symptoms, interpersonal sensitivity and ineffectiveness may be important targets to provide effective treatments across AN, BN, and BED.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0276-3478 , 1098-108X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/eat.v51.7
    DOI: 10.1002/eat.22884
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1492880-2
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  • 5
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    Anorexia nervosa and diffusion weighted imaging: An open methodological question raised by a systematic review and a fractional anisotropy anatomical likelihood estimation meta‐analysis
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Eating Disorders Vol. 52, No. 11 ( 2019-11), p. 1237-1250
    Details
    In: International Journal of Eating Disorders, Wiley, Vol. 52, No. 11 ( 2019-11), p. 1237-1250
    Abstract: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is characterized by white matter abnormalities in neuroimaging studies. Fractional anisotropy (FA) is a diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) index that is considered an instrument for the evaluation of white matter alterations. However, the literature has recently pointed out the role of the partial volume effect (PVE) as a confounding factor for the identification of juxtaposed tissues. Our goal was to review the DTI literature in AN and evaluate possible confounding factors linked to the reported results. Method A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify Diffusion Tensor Imaging studies of individuals with AN and, subsequently, an anatomical likelihood estimation (ALE) meta‐analysis was performed on studies published before March 18, 2019. Results Twenty‐four studies (AN = 517, controls = 542) were included in the qualitative systematic review of the literature. Ten published studies underwent the ALE‐analysis (AN = 210, controls = 229), plus data from an unpublished cohort (AN = 38, controls = 38). Two clusters of decreased FA were identified, namely in the left corona radiata, and in the left thalamus. Only one article took the PVE correction analysis into account. Conclusions The alterations identified must be considered within the limits of a possible methodological bias regarding PVE and free water and re‐analysis of the data may be recommended. The preliminary data showed that the alteration of white matter pathways between the limbic structures and brain cortex may be linked to the processing of somatosensory information that could play a key role in the psychopathology of the disorder.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0276-3478 , 1098-108X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/eat.v52.11
    DOI: 10.1002/eat.23160
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1492880-2
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  • 6
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    Network analysis of specific psychopathology and psychiatric symptoms in patients with anorexia nervosa
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  European Eating Disorders Review Vol. 27, No. 1 ( 2019-01), p. 24-33
    Details
    In: European Eating Disorders Review, Wiley, Vol. 27, No. 1 ( 2019-01), p. 24-33
    Abstract: Network analysis is increasingly applied to psychiatric populations to understand relationships among symptoms. Methods Network analysis was applied on 955 patients with anorexia nervosa (AN; 631 restricting‐type [ANR] and 324 binge eating‐/purging‐type [ANBP] ), assessed with Symptom Check‐List 90 (SCL‐90), Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), and Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire. Results Depression, anxiety, interpersonal sensitivity (SCL‐90), and ineffectiveness (EDI) had the highest centrality (strength from 1.19 to 1.35 in ANBP, and from 1.15 to 1.51 in ANR). Body mass index (BMI) had low centrality (0.14 ANBP and 0.41 ANR). Drive for thinness showed the strongest correlation with central nodes in ANBP (correlation around 0.44) and ANR (correlation range 0.38–0.47), and drive for thinness had higher centrality in ANR (1.15) than in ANBP (0.81), whereas body dissatisfaction in ANBP (0.73) than in ANR (0.61). Discussion In addition to ED‐core symptoms, psychiatric comorbid symptoms should be the focus of specific treatments in patients with AN, independently from BMI.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1072-4133 , 1099-0968
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/erv.v27.1
    DOI: 10.1002/erv.2633
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2135416-9
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  • 7
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    The predictive value of the early maladaptive schemas in social situations in anorexia nervosa
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  European Eating Disorders Review Vol. 28, No. 3 ( 2020-05), p. 318-331
    Details
    In: European Eating Disorders Review, Wiley, Vol. 28, No. 3 ( 2020-05), p. 318-331
    Abstract: Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) show an impairment in the recognition and expression of emotions, as well as an increased sensitivity to being socially excluded, and rigid maladaptive schemas. The Cyberball paradigm is a virtual ball‐toss game that can simulate social exclusion and inclusion. Our aim is to evaluate how cognitive schemas can influence the perception and the evaluation of the experiences of social inclusion/exclusion. Methods Thirty‐two AN patients and 34 healthy controls completed a psychological evaluation and were randomly assigned to exclusion or overinclusion paradigm of the Cyberball task. Results Patients with AN showed a significantly higher level of maladaptive schemas as well as higher sensitivity to being ostracized by peers in comparison with healthy controls. Regression analyses identified specific significant relation between being ostracized and dependence/incompetence, negativity/pessimism, and self‐sacrifice. Discussion Our findings provide evidence that patients with AN may be ineffective in expressing their mood in exclusive and overinclusive social situations. Specific cognitive/temperamental schemas might play a role in the way people communicate their feelings, and they could be considered targets for psychotherapy interventions to improve social interpretation and emotional recognition/communication.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1072-4133 , 1099-0968
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/erv.v28.3
    DOI: 10.1002/erv.2724
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 8
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    Table_1.DOCX
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Neuroscience Vol. 15 ( 2021-3-24)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Neuroscience, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 15 ( 2021-3-24)
    Abstract: No study to date investigated structural white matter (WM) connectome characteristics in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). Previous research in AN found evidence of imbalances in global and regional connectomic brain architecture and highlighted a role of malnutrition in determining structural brain changes. The aim of our study was to explore the characteristics of the WM network architecture in a sample of patients with AN. Thirty-six patients with AN and 36 healthy women underwent magnetic resonance imaging to obtain a high-resolution three-dimensional T1-weighted anatomical image and a diffusion tensor imaging scan. Probabilistic tractography data were extracted and analyzed in their network properties through graph theory tools. In comparison to healthy women, patients with AN showed lower global network segregation (normalized clustering: p = 0.029), an imbalance between global network integration and segregation (i.e., lower small-worldness: p = 0.031), and the loss of some of the most integrative and influential hubs. Both clustering and small-worldness correlated with the lowest lifetime body mass index. A significant relationship was found between the average regional loss of cortical volume and changes in network properties of brain nodes: the more the difference in the cortical volume of brain areas, the more the increase in the centrality of corresponding nodes in the whole brain, and the decrease in clustering and efficiency of the nodes of parietal cortex. Our findings showed an unbalanced connectome wiring in AN patients, which seems to be influenced by malnutrition and loss of cortical volume. The role of this rearrangement in the maintenance and prognosis of AN and its reversibility with clinical improvement needs to be established by future studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1662-453X
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.645139
    DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.645139.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2411902-7
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  • 9
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    Brain networks in eating disorders: a systematic review of graph theory studies
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity Vol. 27, No. 1 ( 2022-02), p. 69-83
    Details
    In: Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 27, No. 1 ( 2022-02), p. 69-83
    Abstract: Recent evidence from neuroimaging research has shown that eating disorders (EDs) are characterized by alterations in interconnected neural systems, whose characteristics can be usefully described by connectomics tools. The present paper aimed to review the neuroimaging literature in EDs employing connectomic tools, and, specifically, graph theory analysis. Methods A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify studies employing graph theory analysis on patients with eating disorders published before the 22nd of June 2020. Results Twelve studies were included in the systematic review. Ten of them address anorexia nervosa (AN) (AN = 199; acute AN = 85, weight recovered AN with acute diagnosis = 24; fully recovered AN = 90). The remaining two articles address patients with bulimia nervosa (BN) (BN = 48). Global and regional unbalance in segregation and integration properties were described in both disorders. Discussion The literature concerning the use of connectomics tools in EDs evidenced the presence of alterations in the topological characteristics of brain networks at a global and at a regional level. Changes in local characteristics involve areas that have been demonstrated to be crucial in the neurobiology and pathophysiology of EDs. Regional imbalances in network properties seem to reflect on global patterns. Level of evidence Level I, systematic review.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1590-1262
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01172-x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2061177-8
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  • 10
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    Virtual Rejection and Overinclusion in Eating Disorders: An Experimental Investigation of the Impact on Emotions, Stress Perception, and Food Attitudes
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 15, No. 4 ( 2023-02-17), p. 1021-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 4 ( 2023-02-17), p. 1021-
    Abstract: (1) Background: the investigation of how interpersonal functioning affects eating psychopathology has been receiving increasing attention in the last decade. This study evaluates the impact of virtual social inclusion or ostracism on emotions, perceived stress, eating psychopathology, and the drive to binge or restrict in patients across the eating disorder spectrum. (2) Methods: a group of 122 adolescent and adult females with different eating disorder diagnoses were compared to 50 healthy peers with regards to their performance on, and responses to the Cyberball task, a virtual ball-tossing game. Each participant was randomly assigned to playing a social inclusion or a social exclusion block of the Cyberball task and completed self-report assessments of emotions, perceived stress and urge to restrict/binge before and after the task. (3) Results: patients with anorexia nervosa showed a more negative impact on psychological well-being evaluated with the need threat scale after the excluding block, while patients with bulimia nervosa reported more negative effects after the overincluding condition. Patients with binge eating disorder showed a reduction in specific negative emotions after the overincluding block, unlike all other participants. (4) Conclusions: findings show significant correlations between restraint thoughts in patients with bulimia nervosa and binge thoughts in patients with binge eating disorder after being exposed to the inclusion condition. Different reactions in cognitive and emotional states of patients with eating disorders after different interpersonal scenarios confirm the impact of inclusive or exclusive relationships on eating psychopathology, with specific and different responses across the eating disorder spectrum, that have been discussed, linked to their eating behavioral cognition.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu15041021
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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