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  • 1
    In: Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery, BMJ, Vol. 15, No. 1 ( 2023-01), p. 14-19
    Abstract: It is unknown whether collateral status modifies the effect of pretreatment intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) on the outcomes of patients with large vessel occlusions treated with endovascular therapy (EVT). We aimed to assess whether collateral status modifies the effect of IVT on the outcomes of EVT in clinical practice. Methods We used data from the ongoing prospective multicentric Endovascular Treatment in Ischemic Stroke (ETIS) Registry in France. Patients with anterior circulation proximal large vessel occlusions treated with EVT within 6 hours of symptom onset were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups based on pretreatment with IVT. The two groups were matched based on baseline characteristics. We tested the interaction between collateral status and IVT in unadjusted and adjusted models. Results A total of 1589 patients were enrolled in the study, of whom 55% received IVT. Using a propensity score matching method, 724 no IVT patients were matched to 549 IVT patients. In propensity score weighted analysis, IVT was associated with higher odds of early neurological improvement (OR 1.74; 95% CI 1.33 to 2.26), favorable functional outcome (OR 1.66; 95% CI 1.23 to 2.24), excellent functional outcome (OR 2.04; 95% CI 1.47 to 2.83), and successful reperfusion (OR 2.18; 95% CI 1.51 to 3.16). IVT was not associated with mortality or hemorrhagic complications. There was no interaction between collateral status and IVT association with any of the outcomes. Conclusions Collateral status does not modify the effect of pretreatment IVT on the efficacy and safety outcomes of EVT.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1759-8478 , 1759-8486
    Language: English
    Publisher: BMJ
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 2
    In: Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery, BMJ, Vol. 15, No. 5 ( 2023-05), p. 422-427
    Abstract: The number of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) passes is strongly associated with angiographic reperfusion as well as clinical outcomes in patients with anterior circulation ischemic stroke. However, these associations have not been analyzed in patients with basilar artery occlusion (BAO). We investigated the influence of the number of MT passes on the degree of reperfusion and clinical outcomes, and compared outcome after ≤3 passes versus 〉 3 passes. Methods We used data from the prospective multicentric Endovascular Treatment in Ischemic Stroke (ETIS) Registry at 18 sites in France. Patients with BAO treated with MT were included. The primary outcome was a favorable outcome, defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0–3 at 90 days. We fit mixed multiple regression models, with center as a random effect. Results We included 275 patients. Successful recanalization (modified Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) 2b-3) was achieved in 88.4%, and 41.8% had a favorable outcome. The odds ratio for favorable outcome with each pass above 1 was 0.41 (95% CI 0.23 to 0.73) and for recanalization (mTICI 2b-3) it was 0.70 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.87). In patients with ≤3 passes, the rate of favorable outcome in recanalized versus non-recanalized patients was 50.5% versus 10.0% (p=0.001), while in those with 〉 3 passes it was 16.7% versus 15.2% (p=0.901). Conclusions We found that BAO patients had a significant relationship between the number of MT passes and both recanalization and favorable functional outcome. We further found that the benefit of recanalization in BAO patients was significant only when recanalization was achieved within three passes, encouraging at least three passes before stopping the procedure.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1759-8478 , 1759-8486
    Language: English
    Publisher: BMJ
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 3
    In: Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery, BMJ, Vol. 14, No. 5 ( 2022-05), p. 450-456
    Abstract: The best recanalization strategy for mechanical thrombectomy (MT) remains unknown as no randomized controlled trial has simultaneously evaluated first-line stent retriever (SR) versus contact aspiration (CA) versus the combined approach (SR+CA). Objective To compare the efficacy and safety profiles of SR, CA, and SR+CA in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treated by MT. Methods We analyzed data of the Endovascular Treatment in Ischemic Stroke (ETIS) Registry, a prospective, multicenter, observational study of patients with AIS treated by MT. Patients with M1 and intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusions between January 2015 and March 2020 in 15 comprehensive stroke centers were included. We assessed the association of first-line strategy with favorable outcomes at 3 months (modified Rankin Scale score 0–2), successful recanalization rates (modified Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) 2b/3), and safety outcomes. Results We included 2643 patients, 406 treated with SR, 1126 with CA, and 1111 with SR+CA. CA or SR+CA achieved more successful recanalization than SR for M1 occlusions (aOR=2.09, (95% CI 1.39 to 3.13) and aOR=1.69 (95% CI 1.12 to 2.53), respectively). For intracranial ICA, SR+CA achieved more recanalization than SR (aOR=2.52 (95% CI 1.32 to 4.81)), no differences were observed between CA and SR+CA. SR+CA was associated with lower odds of favorable outcomes compared with SR (aOR=0.63 (95% CI 0.44 to 0.90)) and CA (aOR=0.71 (95% CI 0.55 to 0.92)), higher odds of mortality at 3 months (aOR=1.56 (95% CI 1.22 to 2.0)) compared with CA, and higher odds of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (aOR=1.59 (95% CI 1.1 to 2.3)) compared with CA. Conclusions Despite high recanalization rates, our results question the safety of the combined approach, which was associated with disability and mortality. Randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of these techniques.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1759-8478 , 1759-8486
    Language: English
    Publisher: BMJ
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 4
    In: Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery, BMJ
    Abstract: Studies have suggested that collateral status modifies the effect of successful reperfusion on functional outcome after endovascular therapy (EVT). We aimed to assess the association between collateral status and EVT outcomes and to investigate whether collateral status modified the effect of successful reperfusion on EVT outcomes. Methods We used data from the ongoing, prospective, multicenter Endovascular Treatment in Ischemic Stroke (ETIS) Registry. Collaterals were graded according to the American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology/Society of Interventional Radiology (ASITN/SIR) guidelines. Patients were divided into two groups based on angiographic collateral status: poor (grade 0–2) versus good (grade 3–4) collaterals. Results Among 2020 patients included in the study, 959 (47%) had good collaterals. Good collaterals were associated with favorable outcome (90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–2) (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.88). Probability of good outcome decreased with increased time from onset to reperfusion in both good and poor collateral groups. Successful reperfusion was associated with higher odds of favorable outcome in good collaterals (OR 6.01, 95% CI 3.27 to 11.04) and poor collaterals (OR 5.65, 95% CI 3.32 to 9.63) with no significant interaction. Similarly, successful reperfusion was associated with higher odds of excellent outcome (90-day mRS 0–1) and lower odds of mortality in both groups with no significant interaction. The benefit of successful reperfusion decreased with time from onset in both groups, but the curve was steeper in the poor collateral group. Conclusions Collateral status predicted functional outcome after EVT. However, collateral status on the pretreatment angiogram did not decrease the clinical benefit of successful reperfusion.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1759-8478 , 1759-8486
    Language: English
    Publisher: BMJ
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 5
    In: Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery, BMJ, Vol. 14, No. 7 ( 2022-07), p. 688-692
    Abstract: Despite constant improvements in recent years, sufficient reperfusion after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is not reached in up to 15% of patients with large vessel occlusion stroke (LVOS). The outcome of patients with unsuccessful reperfusion after MT especially after intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) use is not known. We investigated the influence of initial IVT in this particular group of patients with failed intracranial recanalization. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of the Endovascular Treatment in Ischemic Stroke (ETIS) registry from January 2015 to December 2019. Patients presenting with LVOS of the anterior circulation and final modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score (mTICI) of 0, 1 or 2a were included. Posterior circulation, isolated cervical carotid occlusions and successful reperfusions (mTICI 2b, 2c or 3) were excluded. The primary endpoint was favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2) after 3 months. Secondary endpoints were safety outcomes including mortality, any intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), parenchymal hematoma (PH) and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) rates. Results Among 5076 patients with LVOS treated with MT, 524 patients with insufficient recanalization met inclusion criteria, of which 242 received IVT and 282 did not. Functional outcome was improved in the MT+IVT group compared with the MT alone group, although the difference did not reach statistical significance (23.0% vs 12.9%; adjusted OR=1.82; 95% CI 0.98 to 3.38; p=0.058). However, 3 month mRS shift analysis showed a significant benefit of IVT (adjusted OR=1.68; 95% CI 1.56 to 6.54). ICH and sICH rates were similar in both groups, although PH rate was higher in the MT+IVT group (adjusted OR=3.20; 95% CI 1.56 to 6.54). Conclusions Among patients with LVOS in the anterior circulation and unsuccessful MT, IVT was associated with improved functional outcome even after unsuccessful MT. Despite recent trials questioning the place of IVT in the LVOS reperfusion strategy, these findings emphasize a subgroup of patients still benefiting from IVT.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1759-8478 , 1759-8486
    Language: English
    Publisher: BMJ
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 6
    In: Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery, BMJ, Vol. 15, No. 5 ( 2023-05), p. 415-421
    Abstract: Endovascular treatment (EVT) for basilar artery occlusions (BAO) is associated with a higher rate of futile recanalization compared with anterior circulation procedures. We aimed to identify the incidence and predictors of poor clinical outcome despite successful reperfusion in current clinical practice. Methods We used data from the ETIS (Endovascular Treatment in Ischemic Stroke) registry, a prospective multicenter observational registry of stroke treated with EVT in France. Patients undergoing EVT for acute BAO from January 2014 to May 2019 successfully treated within 8 hours from onset were included. Predictors of 90-day poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 4–6) were researched within patients with successful (modified Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction (mTICI 2b-3)) and excellent (mTICI 2c-3) reperfusion. Results Among 242 patients treated within 8 hours, successful reperfusion was achieved in 195 (80.5%) and excellent reperfusion in 120 (49.5%). Poor outcome was observed in 107 (54.8%) and 60 (50%) patients, respectively. In patients with successful early reperfusion, age, higher initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, lower posterior circulation Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT Score (pc-ASPECTS), and absence of prior intravenous thrombolysis were independent predictors of poor outcome. The only treatment factor with an independent predictive value was first-pass mTICI 2b-3 reperfusion (adjusted OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.37, p 〈 0.001). In patients with excellent early reperfusion, independent predictors were age, initial NIHSS score, first-pass mTICI 2c-3 reperfusion, and hemorrhagic transformation on post-interventional imaging. Conclusions Early successful reperfusion with EVT occurred in 80.5% of patients, and the only treatment-related factor predictive of clinical outcome was first pass mTICI 2b-3 reperfusion. Further research is warranted to identify the optimal techniques and devices associated with first pass reperfusion in the posterior circulation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1759-8478 , 1759-8486
    Language: English
    Publisher: BMJ
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 7
    In: Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery, BMJ
    Abstract: Retrospective studies suggest the superiority of first-line contact aspiration (CA) thrombectomy over stent-retriever (SR) in basilar artery occlusions (BAO). We aimed to investigate the impact of first-line mechanical thrombectomy per the occlusion level, considering differences in stroke etiology prevalence between proximal and distal BAO. Methods A retrospective, multicentric analysis of the Endovascular Treatment in Ischemic Stroke Registry (ETIS) included consecutive BAO patients treated from January 2016 to May 2022. Patients were categorized into SR (±aspiration) and CA alone groups. Occlusion levels were determined through digital subtraction angiography. Favorable clinical outcome was defined as 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–3. Results A total of 380 patients were analyzed (251 CA alone, 129 SR±aspiration). Globally, first-line SR showed lower recanalization rates (89.1% vs 94.8%, OR=0.29, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.53; p 〈 0.001) and worse clinical outcomes (mRS 0–3: 46.0% vs 52.2%, OR=0.62, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.87; p=0.006) compared with CA. In proximal occlusions, SR was significantly associated with poorer clinical outcomes (mRS 0–3: 20.9% vs 37.1%; OR=0.40, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.83; p=0.014) despite similar recanalization rates. Conversely, in distal occlusions there was no difference in clinical outcomes although recanalization rates were higher with CA (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score (mTICI 2b/3): 97.7% vs 91.7%; OR=0.17, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.66; p=0.01). Conclusions In our BAO population, CA demonstrated better angiographic outcomes in middle and distal occlusions and better clinical outcomes in proximal occlusions. This translated into better angiographic and clinical results in the global study population. Clinical results were particularly influenced by the negative impact of SR on 90-day mRS, independently of recanalization rates in proximal BAO.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1759-8478 , 1759-8486
    Language: English
    Publisher: BMJ
    Publication Date: 2024
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  • 8
    In: Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery, BMJ
    Abstract: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) has become a standard treatment for acute ischemic strokes (AIS). However, MT failure occurs in approximately 10–30% of cases, leading to severe repercussions (with mortality rates up to 40% according to observational data). Among the available rescue techniques, rescue intracranial stenting (RIS) appears as a promising option. Objective This trial is poised to demonstrate the superiority of RIS in addition to the best medical treatment (BMT) in comparison with BMT alone, in improving the functional outcomes at 3 months for patients experiencing an AIS due to a large vessel occlusion refractory to MT (rLVO). Methods Permanent Intracranial STenting for Acute Refractory large vessel occlusions (PISTAR) is a multicenter prospective randomized open, blinded endpoint trial conducted across 11 French University hospitals. Adult patients (≥18 years) with an acute intracranial occlusion refractory to standard MT techniques will be randomized 1:1 during the procedure to receive either RIS+BMT (intervention arm) or BMT alone (control arm). Results The primary outcome is the rate of good clinical outcome at 3 months defined as a modified Rankin Scale score ≤2 and evaluated by an independent assessor blinded to the randomization arm. Secondary outcomes include hemorrhagic complications, all adverse events, and death. The number of patients to be included is 346. Two interim analyses are planned with predefined stopping rules. Conclusion The PISTAR trial is the first randomized controlled trial focusing on the benefit of RIS in rLVOs. If positive, this study will open new insights into the management of AIS. Trial registration number NCT06071091 .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1759-8478 , 1759-8486
    Language: English
    Publisher: BMJ
    Publication Date: 2024
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  • 9
    In: Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery, BMJ
    Abstract: The choice of the first-line technique in vertebrobasilar occlusions (VBOs) remains challenging. We aimed to report outcomes in a large cohort of patients and to compare the efficacy and safety of contact aspiration (CA) and combined technique (CoT) as a first-line endovascular technique in patients with acute VBOs. Methods We retrospectively analyzed clinical and neuroradiological data of patients with VBOs from the prospective, multicenter, observational Endovascular Treatment in Ischemic Stroke (ETIS) Registry in France between January 2015 and August 2023. The primary outcome was the first pass effect (FPE) rate, whereas modified Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) 2b-3 and 2c-3, number of passes, need for rescue strategy, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–2, mortality, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) were secondary outcomes. We performed univariate and multivariate analyses to investigate differences between the two groups. Results Among the 583 included patients (mean age 66.2 years, median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) 13, median posterior circulation Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (pc-ASPECTS) 8), 393 were treated with CA alone and 190 with CoT. Procedures performed with CA were shorter compared with CoT (28 vs 47 min, P 〈 0.0001); however, no differences were observed in terms of FPE (CA 43.3% vs CoT 38.4%, P=0.99), and successful final recanalization (mTICI 2b-3, CA 92.4% vs CoT 91.8%, P=0.74) did not differ between the two groups. Functional independence and sICH rates were also similar, whereas mortality was significantly lower in the CA group (34.5% vs 42.9%; OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.03 to 3.11). Conclusions We observed no differences in FPE, mTICI 2b-3, sICH, and functional independence between the two study groups. First-line CA was associated with shorter procedures and lower mortality rates than CoT.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1759-8478 , 1759-8486
    Language: English
    Publisher: BMJ
    Publication Date: 2024
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  • 10
    In: BMJ Open, BMJ, Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2021-03), p. e040522-
    Abstract: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) increases functional independence in patients with acute ischaemic stroke with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (LVO), and the probability to achieve functional independence decreases by 20% for each 1-hour delay to reperfusion. Therefore, we aim to investigate whether direct angiosuite transfer (DAT) is superior to standard imaging/emergency department-based management in achieving 90-day functional independence in patients presenting with an acute severe neurological deficit likely due to LVO and requiring emergent treatment with MT. Methods and analysis DIRECT ANGIO (Effect of DIRECT transfer to ANGIOsuite on functional outcome in patient with severe acute stroke treated with thrombectomy: the randomised DIRECT ANGIO Trial) trial is an investigator-initiated, multicentre, prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint (PROBE) study. Eligibility requires a patient ≤75 years, pre-stroke modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–2, presenting an acute severe neurological deficit and admitted within 5 hours of symptoms onset in an endovascular-capable centre. A total of 208 patients are randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to DAT or standard management. The primary outcome is the rate of patients achieving a functional independence, assessed as mRS 0–2 at 90 days. Secondary endpoints include patients presenting confirmed LVO, patients eligible to intravenous thrombolysis alone, patients with intracerebral haemorrhage and stroke-mimics, intrahospital time metrics, early neurological improvement (reduction in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale by ≥8 points or reaching 0–1 at 24 hours) and mRS overall distribution at 90 days and 12 months. Safety outcomes are death and intracerebral haemorrhage transformation. Medico-economics analyses include health-related quality of life and cost utility assessment. Ethics and dissemination The DIRECT ANGIO trial was approved by the ethics committee of Ile de France 1. Study began in April 2020. Results will be published in an international peer-reviewed medical journal. Trial registration number NCT03969511 .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2044-6055 , 2044-6055
    Language: English
    Publisher: BMJ
    Publication Date: 2021
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