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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessment of Water Quality, Eutrophication, and Zooplankton Community in Lake Burullus, Egypt
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Diversity Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2021-06-15), p. 268-
    Details
    In: Diversity, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2021-06-15), p. 268-
    Abstract: Burullus Lake is Egypt’s second most important coastal lagoon. The present study aimed to shed light on the different types of polluted waters entering the lake from various drains, as well as to evaluate the zooplankton community, determine the physical and chemical characteristics of the waters, and study the eutrophication state based on three years of seasonal monitoring from 2017 to 2019 at 12 stations. The results revealed that Rotifera, Copepoda, Protozoa, and Cladocera dominated the zooplankton population across the three-year study period, with a total of 98 taxa from 59 genera and 10 groups detected in the whole-body lake in 2018 and 2019, compared to 93 species from 52 genera in 2017. Twelve representative surface water samples were collected from the lake to determine physicochemical parameters, i.e., temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, ammonia-N, nitrate–N, nitrate-N, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, dissolved reactive phosphorus, and chlorophyll-a, as well as Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd, and Pb ions. Based on the calculations of the water quality index (WQI), the lake was classified as having good water quality. However, the trophic state is ranked as hyper-eutrophic and high trophic conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-2818
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/d13060268
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518137-3
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  • 2
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    Potential Applications of Native Cyanobacterium Isolate (Arthrospira platensis NIOF17/003) for Biodiesel Production and Utilization of Its Byproduct in Marine Rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) Production
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2021-02-06), p. 1769-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2021-02-06), p. 1769-
    Abstract: To achieve strong, successful and commercial aqua-biotechnological microalgae applications, screening, isolation, molecular identification, and physiological characterizations are needed. In the current study, a native cyanobacteria strain Arthrospira platensis NIOF17/003 was isolated from the surface water of El-Khadra Lake, a saline-alkaline lake located in Wadi El-Natrun, Egypt. The cyanobacterium was phylogenetically identified by 16S rRNA molecular marker and deposited in the GenBank database (accession number MW396472). The late exponential phase of A. platensis NIOF17/003 was reached at the 8th day of growth using Zarrouk medium, with a recorded dry weight (DW) of 0.845 g L−1. The isolated strain showed 52% of protein, 14% of carbohydrate, biomass productivity of 143.83 mg L−1 day−1, 8.5% of lipid, and lipid productivity of 14.37 mg L−1 day−1. In general, the values of cetane number, iodine value, cold filter plugging point (52.9, 85.5 g I2/100 g oil, and −2.2 °C, respectively) of the isolated fatty acid methyl esters are in accordance with those suggested by international standards. Besides, applying algal-free lipid (FL) as biodiesel byproduct in the production of rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) revealed that a 0.6 g L−1 FL significantly increased the rotifer population females carrying eggs, confirming that FL can be used efficiently for B. plicatilis production. The current study concluded that the new isolate A. platensis NIOF17/003 is a promising strain for double sustainable use in biodiesel production and aquaculture feed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su13041769
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Ammonia Bioremediation from Aquaculture Wastewater Effluents Using Arthrospira platensis NIOF17/003: Impact of Biodiesel Residue and Potential of Ammonia-Loaded Biomass as Rotifer Feed
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Materials Vol. 14, No. 18 ( 2021-09-21), p. 5460-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 18 ( 2021-09-21), p. 5460-
    Abstract: The present work evaluated the capability of Arthrospira platensis complete biomass (ACDW) and the lipid-free biomass (LFB) to remove ammonium ions (NH4+) from aquaculture wastewater discharge. Under controlled conditions in flasks filled with 100 mL of distilled water (synthetic aqueous solution), a batch process ion-exchange was conducted by changing the main parameters including contact times (15, 30, 45, 60, 120, and 180 min), initial ammonium ion concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 100 mg·L−1), and initial pH levels (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10) at various dosages of ACDW and LFB as adsorbents (0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.1 g). After lab optimization, ammonia removal from real aquaculture wastewater was also examined. The removal of ammonium using ACDW and LFB in the synthetic aqueous solution (64.24% and 89.68%, respectively) was higher than that of the real aquaculture effluents (25.70% and 37.80%, respectively). The data of IR and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the existence of various functional groups in the biomass of ACDW and LFB. The adsorption equilibrium isotherms were estimated using Freundlich, Langmuir, and Halsey models, providing an initial description of the ammonia elimination capacity of A. platensis. The experimental kinetic study was suitably fit by a pseudo-second-order equation. On the other hand, as a result of the treatment of real aquaculture wastewater (RAW) using LFB and ACDW, the bacterial counts of the LFB, ACDW, ACDW-RAW, and RAW groups were high (higher than 300 CFU), while the LFB-RAW group showed lower than 100 CFU. The current study is the first work reporting the potential of ammonia-loaded microalgae biomass as a feed source for the rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis). In general, our findings concluded that B. plicatilis was sensitive to A. platensis biomass loaded with ammonia concentrations. Overall, the results in this work showed that the biomass of A. platensis is a promising candidate for removing ammonia from aquaculture wastewater.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma14185460
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Aquatic Plants and Aquatic Animals in the Context of Sustainability: Cultivation Techniques, Integration, and Blue Revolution
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 14, No. 6 ( 2022-03-10), p. 3257-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 6 ( 2022-03-10), p. 3257-
    Abstract: The aquaculture industry has rapidly increased in response to the increasing world population, with the appreciation that aquaculture products are beneficial for human health and nutrition. Globally, aquaculture organisms are mainly divided into two divisions, aquatic animals (finfish, crustaceans, and molluscs) and aquatic plants (microalgae and seaweed). Worldwide aquaculture production has reached more than 82 million tonnes (MTs) in 2018 with more than 450 cultured species. The development of economical, environmentally friendly, and large-scale feasible technologies to produce aquaculture organisms (even aquatic animals and/or aquatic plants) is an essential need of the world. Some aquaculture technologies are related to aquatic animals or aquatic plants, as well as some technologies have an integrated system. This integration between aquatic plants and aquatic animals could be performed during early larvae rearing, on-growing and/or mass production. In the context of the blue revolution, the current review focuses on the generations of integration between aquatic plants and aquatic animals, such as live feeds, biomass concentrates, water conditioners “green water technique”, aqua-feed additives, co-culturing technologies, and integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA). This review could shed light on the benefit of aquatic animals and plant integration, which could lead future low-cost, highly efficient, and sustainable aquaculture industry projects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su14063257
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Effects of dietary Arthrospira platensis nanoparticles on growth performance, feed utilization, and growth-related gene expression of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei
    Elsevier BV ; 2022
    In:  Aquaculture Vol. 551 ( 2022-03), p. 737905-
    Details
    In: Aquaculture, Elsevier BV, Vol. 551 ( 2022-03), p. 737905-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0044-8486
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.737905
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495998-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21,3
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Potential Applications of Arthrospira platensis Lipid-Free Biomass in Bioremediation of Organic Dye from Industrial Textile Effluents and Its Influence on Marine Rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis)
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Materials Vol. 14, No. 16 ( 2021-08-08), p. 4446-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 16 ( 2021-08-08), p. 4446-
    Abstract: Arthrospira platensis is one of the most important cultured microalgal species in the world. Arthrospira complete dry biomass (ACDB) has been reported as an interesting feedstock for many industries, including biodiesel production. The A. platensis by-product of biodiesel production (lipid-free biomass; LFB) is a source of proteins, functional molecules, and carbohydrates, and can also be reused in several applications. The current study investigated the efficiency of ACDB and LFB in bioremediation of dye (Ismate violet 2R, IV2R) from textile effluents. In addition, the potential of ACDB and LFB loaded by IV2R as a feed for Rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis, was examined. The surface of the adsorbents was characterized by SEM, FTIR, and Raman analysis to understand the adsorption mechanism. The batch sorption method was examined as a function of adsorbent dose (0.02–0.01 g L−1), solution initial concentration (10–100 mg L−1), pH (2–10), and contact time (15–180 min). The kinetic studies and adsorption isotherm models (Freundlich, Langmuir, Tempkin, and Halsey) were used to describe the interaction between dye and adsorbents. The results concluded that the adsorption process increased with increasing ACDB and LFB dose, contact time (120 min), initial IV2R concentration (10 mg L−1), and acidity pH (2 and 6, respectively). For the elimination of industrial textile wastewater, the ACDB and LFB sorbents have good elimination ability of a dye solution by 75.7% and 61.11%, respectively. The kinetic interaction between dye and adsorbents fitted well to Langmuir, Freundlish, and Halsey models for LFB, and Langmuir for ACDB at optimum conditions with R2 〉 0.9. In addition, based on the bioassay study, the ACDB and LFB loaded by IV2R up to 0.02 g L−1 may be used as feed for the marine Rotifer B. plicatilis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma14164446
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Influencing Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for the Removal of Ismate Violet 2R Dye from Wastewater: Isotherm, Kinetics, and Thermodynamic Studies
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2021-05-23), p. 4786-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2021-05-23), p. 4786-
    Abstract: In this study, a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) was synthesized and used as an adsorbent for the removal of Ismate violet 2R dye from contaminated water. The morphology and structure of the synthesized adsorbent were examined via the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis, infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Raman spectroscopy. The effects of an MWCNT on the removal of IV2R were examined via a batch method using different factors such as pH, agitation time, adsorbent dosage, temperature, and initial dye concentration. The results showed that, at the acidic pH 4, 0.08 g of an MWCNT with 10 mg L−1 at 120 min realized the favorable removal of IV2R dye using an MWCNT. Under these operation conditions, the maximum elimination efficiency for real wastewater reached 88.2%. This process benefits from the ability to remove a large amount of dye (approximately 85.9%) in as short as 10 min using 0.005 g of MWCNTs. Moreover, the investigational isotherm data were examined by different models. The equations of error functions were used in the isotherm model to show the most appropriate isotherm model. The highest adsorption capacity for the removal of the dye was 76.92 mg g−1 for the MWCNT. Moreover, the regression data indicated that the adsorption kinetics were appropriate with a pseudo-second order and an R2 of 0.999. The thermodynamic study showed that the removal of IV2R is an endothermic, spontaneous, and chemisorption process. The MWCNT compound appears to be a new, promising adsorbent in water treatment, with 91.71% regeneration after three cycles.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app11114786
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 8
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    Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Red Seaweed for the Elimination of Organic Toxic Dye from an Aqueous Solution
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Materials Vol. 15, No. 15 ( 2022-07-26), p. 5169-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 15 ( 2022-07-26), p. 5169-
    Abstract: This study aims to produce green zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) derived from red seaweed (Pterocladia Capillacea) and evaluate their potential to absorb Ismate violet 2R (IV2R) ions from an aqueous solution. UV-vis spectrophotometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis (BET) were used to analyze the structural, morphological, and optical features of the synthesized nanoparticles. The change in color of the chemical solution revealed the formation of zinc oxide nanoparticles. The FTIR examination confirmed the synthesis of both Zn and ZnO nanoparticle powder, with a BET surface area of 113.751 m2 g−1 and an average pore size of 2.527 nm for the synthesized adsorbent. Furthermore, the maximum removal effectiveness of IV2R was 99% when 0.08 g ZnO-NPs was applied at a pH of 6, a temperature of 55 °C, and a contact time of 120 min. The dye adsorption capacity of the ZnO-NPs was 72.24 mg g−1. The adsorption process was also controlled by the Freundlich adsorption model and pseudo-second-order reaction kinetics. The adsorption of IV2R ions onto the ZnO-NPs could be represented as a nonideal and reversible sorption process of a nonuniform surface, according to Freundlich adsorption isotherms. In addition, the constant values of the model parameters were determined using various nonlinear regression error functions. Moreover, thermodynamic parameters such as entropy change, enthalpy change, and free energy change were investigated; the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. The high capacity of the ZnO-NPs synthesized by red seaweed promotes them as promising substances for applications in water treatment for the removal of IV2R dye from aqueous systems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma15155169
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 9
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    Equilibrium and Kinetic Modeling of Crystal Violet Dye Adsorption by a Marine Diatom, Skeletonema costatum
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Materials Vol. 15, No. 18 ( 2022-09-14), p. 6375-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 18 ( 2022-09-14), p. 6375-
    Abstract: Significant efforts have been made to improve adsorbents capable of eliminating pollutants from aqueous solutions, making it simple and quick to separate from the treated solution. In the current study, the removal of Crystal Violet Dye (CVD) from an aqueous synthetic solution onto a marine diatom alga, Skeletonema costatum, was investigated. Different experiments were conducted as a function of different pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, temperature, and initial CVD concentration. The highest adsorption efficiency (98%) was obtained at 0.4 g of S. costatum, pH 3, and a contact time of 120 min, at 25 °C. Furthermore, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results display that binding of CVD on S. costatum may occur by electrostatic and complexation reactions. Moreover, the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis (BET) obtained was 87.17 m2 g−1, which, in addition to a scanning electron microscope (SEM), reveals large pores that could enhance the uptake of large molecules. However, the equilibrium adsorption models were conducted by Halsey, Langmuir, Freundlich, Henderson, and Tempkin isotherm. In addition, multilayer adsorption isotherm best described the uptake of CVD onto S. costatum. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (qmax) was 6.410 mg g−1. Moreover, thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption studies suggested that the uptake of CVD onto S. costatum was endothermic and spontaneous. The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intra-particle diffusion kinetic equations were applied to model the adsorption kinetic data. It was seen that the kinetics of the adsorption may be described using pseudo-second-order kinetic equations. Finally, the present work concluded that the marine diatom alga S. costatum is suitable as a natural material for the adsorption of CVD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma15186375
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 10
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    Algal Extracts for Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Promising Approach for Algae Bioremediation
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Materials Vol. 16, No. 7 ( 2023-04-01), p. 2819-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 7 ( 2023-04-01), p. 2819-
    Abstract: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) possess unique properties, making them a popular material across various industries. However, traditional methods of synthesizing ZnO-NPs are associated with environmental and health risks due to the use of harmful chemicals. As a result, the development of eco-friendly manufacturing practices, such as green-synthesis methodologies, has gained momentum. Green synthesis of ZnO-NPs using biological substrates offers several advantages over conventional approaches, such as cost-effectiveness, simplicity of scaling up, and reduced environmental impact. While both dried dead and living biomasses can be used for synthesis, the extracellular mode is more commonly employed. Although several biological substrates have been successfully utilized for the green production of ZnO-NPs, large-scale production remains challenging due to the complexity of biological extracts. In addition, ZnO-NPs have significant potential for photocatalysis and adsorption in the remediation of industrial effluents. The ease of use, efficacy, quick oxidation, cost-effectiveness, and reduced synthesis of harmful byproducts make them a promising tool in this field. This review aims to describe the different biological substrate sources and technologies used in the green synthesis of ZnO-NPs and their impact on properties. Traditional synthesis methods using harmful chemicals limit their clinical field of use. However, the emergence of algae as a promising substrate for creating safe, biocompatible, non-toxic, economic, and ecological synthesis techniques is gaining momentum. Future research is required to explore the potential of other algae species for biogenic synthesis. Moreover, this review focuses on how green synthesis of ZnO-NPs using biological substrates offers a viable alternative to traditional methods. Moreover, the use of these nanoparticles for industrial-effluent remediation is a promising field for future research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma16072819
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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