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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Turbulent Mechanisms for the Deep Convective Boundary Layer in the Taklimakan Desert
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2022
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 49, No. 15 ( 2022-08-16)
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 49, No. 15 ( 2022-08-16)
    Abstract: The convective boundary layer (CBL) in the Taklimakan Desert commonly developed to 3,000 m and even reached over 5,000 m in summer Strongly penetrative convection could overshoot the top of near‐neutral residual layer (RL) and entrain free‐tropospheric air into the RL The warmed RL strengthened the entrainment heating, which supplied extra energy for the further development of deep CBL
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276 , 1944-8007
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2022GL099447
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021599-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 7403-2
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Parameterization and Remote Sensing Retrieval of Land Surface Processes in the Gurbantunggut Desert, China
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 15, No. 10 ( 2023-05-19), p. 2646-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 10 ( 2023-05-19), p. 2646-
    Abstract: The exchange of energy between the land surface and atmosphere is dependent upon crucial parameters, including surface roughness, emissivity, bulk transfer coefficients for momentum (CD) and heat (CH). These parameters are calculated through site observation data and remote sensing data. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) the aerodynamic roughness of the Gurbantunggut Desert measures 1.1 × 10−2 m, which is influenced by the varying conditions of the underlying surface. The roughness decreases as wind speed increases and is seen to be directly proportional to the growth of vegetation. From April to June, the aerodynamic roughness increases with increasing vegetation cover, but begins to gradually decrease after July. Spatially, the middle regions show higher roughness values than the eastern and western areas. In the central part of the desert, the roughness is between 2.37 × 10−2 m and 2.46 × 10−2 m from April to November. The northwest and northeast regions measure 1.41 × 10−2 m–2.04 × 10−2 m and 1.53 × 10−2 m–2.39 × 10−2 m, respectively. (2) The surface emissivity is 0.93, and it varies depending on the snow and vegetation present in the underlying area. (3) CD and CH exhibit an inverse relationship with wind speed. When wind speed falls below 6 m/s, the CD declines rapidly as wind speed increases. In contrast, once wind speed surpasses 6 m/s, the propensity for the CD to decrease with increasing wind speed slows down and approaches stability.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs15102646
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Applicability Assessment of Coherent Doppler Wind LiDAR for Monitoring during Dusty Weather at the Northern Edge of the Tibetan Plateau
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 14, No. 20 ( 2022-10-21), p. 5264-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 20 ( 2022-10-21), p. 5264-
    Abstract: Wind profile light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is an important tool for observing features within the atmospheric boundary layer. Observations of the wind field and boundary layer height from coherent Doppler wind LiDARs (CDWLs) under sandy and dusty weather conditions were evaluated using observations from two CDWLs and one GTS radio sounding located at the northern edge of the Tibetan plateau from 1 May to 30 August 2021. The results showed that CDWL has good applicability in reproducing wind fields in dust, precipitation, and in clear-sky conditions, and that it is superior to the v wind field for real measurements of the u wind fields. In terms of the planetary boundary layer height (PBLH), the validity of the inversion of PBLH in dusty weather was higher than that under clear-sky conditions. It was found that the PBLH retrieved by the CDWL at 20:00 (BJT) was better than that at 08:00 (BJT). The diurnal variation amplitude of the PBLH before the occurrence of a sandstorm was larger than the diurnal variation amplitude of the PBLH occurring during a sandstorm.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs14205264
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dust Characteristics Observed by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle over the Taklimakan Desert
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2022-02-17), p. 990-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2022-02-17), p. 990-
    Abstract: Based on observations from the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) together with an environmental particulate matter analyzer (Grimm-180) and Global Positioning System (GPS) sounding balloons, the vertical structure of dust with different particle sizes was explored over the Taklimakan Desert (TD) during an intensive observation from 1 July 2021 to 31 July 2021. The power functions were fitted between the particle counts and particle sizes, indicating negative correlations with an R2 higher than 0.99 under different dust pollution conditions in Tazhong (TZ). The dust concentrations show a sharp vertical increase over the TD during dust pollution; however, more particles with larger sizes are entrained into the air in TZ compared with Minfeng (MF). The total solar radiation during dust pollution days is significantly weakened, accompanied by major modifications in the temperature stratification, which were characterized by low-level cooling (with −2.71 K mean intensity) and high-level heating (with +0.70 K mean intensity). On clear days, the average convective boundary layer (CBL) heights at the TZ and MF are approximately 3.94 and 2.84 km, respectively, and the average stable boundary layer (SBL) height at the TZ and MF are approximately 0.19 and 0.14 km, respectively. With the increasing dust pollution level, the CBL height decreases rapidly while the SBL height shows the opposite trend. The unique ultra-high atmospheric boundary layer structure in daytime provides beneficial conditions for the suspension and vertical transportation of dust over TD. Moreover, a negative correlation between the CBL height and near-surface PM10/PM2.5/PM1.0 concentration in TD is revealed by power function fittings.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs14040990
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of carbon sink in the Taklimakan Desert based on correction of abnormal negative CO2 flux of IRGASON
    Elsevier BV ; 2022
    In:  Science of The Total Environment Vol. 838 ( 2022-09), p. 155988-
    Details
    In: Science of The Total Environment, Elsevier BV, Vol. 838 ( 2022-09), p. 155988-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0048-9697
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155988
    RVK:
    AR 10100
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498726-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 121506-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Desert Environment and Climate Observation Network over the Taklimakan Desert
    American Meteorological Society ; 2020
    In:  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 102, No. 6 ( 2020-06), p. E1172-E1191
    Details
    In: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 102, No. 6 ( 2020-06), p. E1172-E1191
    Abstract: As the second-largest shifting sand desert worldwide, the Taklimakan Desert (TD) represents the typical aeolian landforms in arid regions as an important source of global dust aerosols. It directly affects the ecological environment and human health across East Asia. Thus, establishing a comprehensive environment and climate observation network for field research in the TD region is essential to improve our understanding of the desert meteorology and environment, assess its impact, mitigate potential environmental issues, and promote sustainable development. With a nearly 20-yr effort under the extremely harsh conditions of the TD, the Desert Environment and Climate Observation Network (DECON) has been established completely covering the TD region. The core of DECON is the Tazhong station in the hinterland of the TD. Moreover, the network also includes 4 satellite stations located along the edge of the TD for synergistic observations, and 18 automatic weather stations interspersed between them. Thus, DECON marks a new chapter of environmental and meteorological observation capabilities over the TD, including dust storms, dust emission and transport mechanisms, desert land–atmosphere interactions, desert boundary layer structure, ground calibration for remote sensing monitoring, and desert carbon sinks. In addition, DECON promotes cooperation and communication within the research community in the field of desert environments and climate, which promotes a better understanding of the status and role of desert ecosystems. Finally, DECON is expected to provide the basic support necessary for coordinated environmental and meteorological monitoring and mitigation, joint construction of ecologically friendly communities, and sustainable development of central Asia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-0007 , 1520-0477
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0236.1
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2029396-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 419957-1
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Observed Key Surface Parameters for Characterizing Land–Atmospheric Interactions in the Northern Marginal Zone of the Taklimakan Desert, China
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Atmosphere Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2018-11-22), p. 458-
    Details
    In: Atmosphere, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2018-11-22), p. 458-
    Abstract: An observational data set of the year 2010 at a site in the northern marginal zone of the Taklimakan Desert (TD) was used to analyse the key surface parameters in land–atmospheric interactions in the desert climate of northwest China. We found that the surface albedo (α) and emissivity (ε) were 0.27 and 0.91, respectively, which were consistent with the values obtained based on observations in the hinterland of the TD as well as being similar to the dry parts of the Great Basin desert in North America, where they were comparable to the α and ε values retrieved from remote sensing products. Peak frequency value of z0m was 5.858 × 10−3 m, which was similar to the Mojave Desert, Peruvian desert, Sonoran Desert, HEIFE (Heihe region) Desert, and Badain Jaran Desert. The peak frequency value of z0h was 1.965 × 10−4 m, which was different from those obtained in the hinterland of the TD. The average annual value of excess resistance to heat transfer (kB−1) was 2.5, which was different from those obtained in the HEIFE Gobi and desert, but they were similar to those determined for the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau and HAPEX-Sahel. Both z0m and z0h varied less diurnally but notably seasonally, and kB−1 exhibited weak diurnal and seasonal variations. We also found that z0m was strongly influenced by the local wind direction. There were many undulating sand dunes in the prevailing wind and opposite to the prevailing wind, which were consistent with the directions of the peak z0m value. The mean values calculated over 24 h for Cd and Ch were 6.34 × 10−3 and 5.96 × 10−3, respectively, which were larger than in the Gobi area, hinterland of the TD and semiarid areas, but similar to HEIFE desert. Under the normal prevailing (NNE–ESE) wind, the mean bulk transfer coefficient Cd and Ch were of the same order of magnitude as expected based on similarity theory. Using the data obtained under different wind directions, we determined the relationships between Cd, Ch, the wind speed U, and stability parameter z/L, and the results were different. Cd and Ch decreased rapidly as the wind speed dropped below 3.0 m s−1 and their minimum values reached around 1–2 m s−1. It should also be noted that the ε values estimated using the sensible heat flux (H) were better compared with those produced using other estimation methods.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4433
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/atmos9120458
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2605928-9
    SSG: 23
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Impacts of Winter and Summer COVID-19 Lockdowns on Urban Air Quality in Urumqi, Northwest China
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Environmental Science Vol. 10 ( 2022-5-31)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Environmental Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 10 ( 2022-5-31)
    Abstract: After the COVID-19 pandemic began in 2020, Urumqi, a remote area in northwest China, experienced two lockdowns, in January and July 2020. Based on ground and satellite observations, this study assessed the impacts of these lockdowns on the air quality in Urumqi and the seasonal differences between them. The results showed that, during the wintertime lockdown, PM 10 , PM 2.5 , NO 2 , CO, and SO 2 levels decreased by 38, 40, 45, 27, 8%, respectively, whereas O 3 concentrations increased by 113%. During the summer lockdown, PM 10 , PM 2.5 , NO 2 , CO, and SO 2 levels decreased by 39, 24, 59, 2, and 13%, respectively, and the O 3 concentrations increased by 21%. During the lockdowns, the NO 2 concentrations decreased by 53% in winter and 13% in summer in the urban areas, whereas they increased by 23% in winter and 9% in summer in the suburbs. Moreover, large seasonal differences were observed between winter and summer SO 2 , CO, and O 3 . The lockdown played a vital role in the rapid decline of primary air pollutant concentrations, along with fewer meteorological impacts on air pollution changes in this area. The increase in O 3 concentrations during the COVID-19 lockdowns reflects the complexity of air quality changes during reductions in air pollutant emissions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-665X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2022.910579
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2741535-1
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Seasonal Variations of the Near-Surface Atmospheric Boundary Layer Structure in China’s Gurbantünggüt Desert
    Hindawi Limited ; 2020
    In:  Advances in Meteorology Vol. 2020 ( 2020-02-28), p. 1-13
    Details
    In: Advances in Meteorology, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2020 ( 2020-02-28), p. 1-13
    Abstract: As the largest fixed and semifixed desert in China, the Gurbantünggüt Desert has a longperiod of snow in winter and the rapid growth of ephemeral plants in spring, presentingthe obvious seasonal changes in the underlying desert surface type, which could lead to the significantvariety in the near-surface boundary layer over this desert. To clarify the influence of the underlying surface change on the near-surface atmospheric boundary layer, gradient tower data and Eddy covariance data in 2017 were analyzed. The results were as follows: the wind profile can be divided into the nocturnal stable boundary layer and the daytime unstable boundary in spring, summer, and autumn, while the wind profile dominating nighttime stability in winter. During the study period, the four-season temperature profiles can be divided into four types: night radiation type, morning transition type, daylight solar radiation type, and evening transition type, and the temperature difference between spring and summer is more than that of autumn and winter. The vertical temperature lapse rate can reach 4.5°C/100 m in spring and summer, while the vertical temperature lapse rate is 0.5°C/100 m in winter. The special humidity value in summer and spring is greater than autumn and winter. The profile is almost in the inverse humidity state at almost all periods in winter. The inverse humidity phenomenon occurred on the autumn night. Besides, the specific humidity is closely related to the temperature and the near-surface wind speed. The “rapid change” of the underlying surface of the spring desert region affects the surface energy budget, which affects the turbulent energy and the stability of the near-surface layer, thus affecting the changes in temperature, humidity, and wind profile.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1687-9309 , 1687-9317
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2020/6137237
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2486777-9
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Diurnal Variation in Urban Heat Island Intensity in Birmingham: The Relationship between Nocturnal Surface and Canopy Heat Islands
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Land Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2023-11-13), p. 2062-
    Details
    In: Land, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2023-11-13), p. 2062-
    Abstract: Urban heat islands have garnered significant attention due to their potential impact on human life. Previous studies on urban heat islands have focused on characterizing temporal and spatial variations over longer periods of time. In this study, we investigated the urban heat island (UHI) in Birmingham from September 2013 to August 2014 using higher temporal resolution SEVIRI satellite surface temperature data along with data from the Birmingham Urban Climate Laboratory (BUCL) meteorological station and the UK Meteorological Office meteorological station. Our aim was to characterize the diurnal variations in the surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII) and canopy urban heat island intensity (CUHII) and to explore their relationship under the influence of three factors (day/nighttime, season, and wind speed) using regression analysis. Our findings reveal that SUHII and CUHII exhibit relatively stable patterns at night but vary significantly during the day with opposite diurnal trends. In addition, SUHII and CUHII were more variable in spring and summer but less variable in winter. During the nighttime, SUHII represents CUHII with high confidence, especially during spring and summer, but less so during the cold season. In addition, SUHII represents CUHII with greater confidence under low-wind conditions. This study deepens our understanding of the diurnal dynamics of urban heat islands and the influence of atmospheric conditions on the relationship between surface and canopy heat islands in urban areas. The results of this study can be used for heat island studies in cities that lack high-precision observation networks and to guide sustainable urban development.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-445X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/land12112062
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2682955-1
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