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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gut Microbiome in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2022-02-15), p. 2007-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2022-02-15), p. 2007-
    Abstract: Background: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Alterations in the gut microbiome have been implicated in the development of cardiovascular disease and may potentially link OSA to its cardiovascular consequences. However, only one study to date has investigated gut microbiomes in adult patients with OSA. Methods: 19 patients with OSA and 20 non-OSA controls participated in the study. Following a diagnostic sleep study, blood was collected for metabolic profiling, and the subjects provided a stool sample for microbiome analysis. The gut microbiome was investigated using the 16S ribosomal RNA method. Results: Patients with OSA had a higher relative abundance of the Proteobacteria phylum (p = 0.03), Gammaproteobacteria class (p = 0.01), Lactobacillae family (p = 0.02), Lactobacillus (p = 0.03), and Roseburia genus (p = 0.03), and a lower abundance of the Actinobacteria phylum (p = 0.03). The abundance of Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Lactobacillae, and Lactobacillus were related to disease severity and dyslipidaemia (all p 〈 0.05), whilst the abundance of Proteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria was also related to hypertension and cardiovascular disease (all p 〈 0.05). However, following adjustment for relevant confounders only the association between OSA and Actinobacteria remained significant (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Obstructive sleep apnoea is associated with only subtle changes in gut microbiome. Further studies should investigate gut dysbiosis in OSA.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app12042007
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Relationship between Atherosclerosis and Gut Microbiome in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 12, No. 22 ( 2022-11-11), p. 11484-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 22 ( 2022-11-11), p. 11484-
    Abstract: Background: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and gut dysbiosis are known risk factors for atherosclerosis. However, only very few studies have been focused on the relationship between OSA, atherosclerosis, and the intestinal microbiome, all in animal models. Methods: Twenty-two patients with OSA, 16 with and 6 without carotid atherosclerosis were involved in the study. After a diagnostic sleep examination, the intima media thickness (IMT) was measured and plaques were found using carotid ultrasound. Blood was also drawn for metabolic profile, and a stool sample was provided for 16S ribosomal RNA microbiome investigation. Results: An increased maximal common carotid artery (CCA) IMT was significantly associated with decreased phylum-level diversity. The level of Peptostreptococcaceae was significantly lower in atherosclerotic subjects. Some other candidate microbes appeared in the two groups at the genus level as well: Bilophila, Romboutsia, Slackia, and Veillonella in the non-atherosclerotic group; and Escherichia-Shigella, Prevotella, and Ruminococcaceae in the atherosclerotic group. Conclusions: This is the first pilot research to analyze the association between the gut microbiome and atherosclerosis in adult patients with OSA with and without carotid atherosclerosis. Dysbiosis and individual bacteria may contribute to the development of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with OSA. Further investigations are necessary to reveal a more precise background in a larger sample.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app122211484
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Analysis of Genetic and MRI Changes, Blood Markers, and Risk Factors in a Twin Pair Discordant of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Medicina Vol. 59, No. 10 ( 2023-09-22), p. 1696-
    Details
    In: Medicina, MDPI AG, Vol. 59, No. 10 ( 2023-09-22), p. 1696-
    Abstract: Background and Objectives: Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative disease, a tauopathy, which results in a wide clinical spectrum of neurological symptoms. The diagnosis is mostly based on clinical signs and neuroimaging; however, possible biomarkers for screening have been under investigation, and the role of the gut microbiome is unknown. The aim of our study was to identify potential blood biomarkers and observe variations in the gut microbiome within a PSP discordant monozygotic twin pair. Materials and Methods: Anthropometric measurements, neuropsychological tests, and the neurological state were evaluated. Blood was collected for metabolic profiling and for the detection of neurodegenerative and vascular biomarkers. Both the gut microbiome and brain MRI results were thoroughly examined. Results: We found a relevant difference between alpha-synuclein levels and moderate difference in the levels of MMP-2, MB, Apo-A1, Apo-CIII, and Apo-H. With respect to the ratios, a small difference was observed for ApoA1/SAA and ApoB/ApoA1. Using a microbiome analysis, we also discovered a relative dysbiosis, and the MRI results revealed midbrain and frontoparietal cortical atrophy along with a reduction in overall brain volumes and an increase in white matter lesions in the affected twin. Conclusions: We observed significant differences between the unaffected and affected twins in some risk factors and blood biomarkers, along with disparities in the gut microbiome. Additionally, we detected abnormalities in brain MRI results and alterations in cognitive functions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1648-9144
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101696
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2088820-X
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Association between Gut Microbial Diversity and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Medicina Vol. 57, No. 3 ( 2021-02-25), p. 195-
    Details
    In: Medicina, MDPI AG, Vol. 57, No. 3 ( 2021-02-25), p. 195-
    Abstract: Background and Objectives: There is an increasing focus on the effect of the gut microbiome on developing atherosclerosis, but there is still no unified standpoint. We aimed to find associations between intestinal microbiome diversity and a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). Materials and Methods: Recruited from the Hungarian Twin Registry, 108 monozygotic (MZ) twins (mean age 52.4 ± 14.1 years, 58% female) underwent a comprehensive carotid ultrasound examination (Samsung RS85). Of the 108 MZ twins, 14 pairs (mean age 65 ± 6.4 years, 71% female) discordant for carotid IMT were selected to undergo a stool sample collection. A special stool sampling container was mailed and received from each participant. After DNA extraction, library construction was performed specifically for the V3–V4 hypervariable region of microbial 16S rRNA. Next, the microbiome composition of the samples was determined using Kraken software. Two hypotheses were tested with the exact permutation test: (1) in the group with normal IMT, the Shannon index of the phyla is higher; and (2) the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio is greater in the group with high IMT values. Furthermore, the abundance of different bacterial strains present at higher and normal IMT was also explored. Statistical analysis was carried out using R software. Results: Increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was associated with increased IMT (mean Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio of IMT 〉 0.9 and IMT 〈 0.9 groups: 2.299 and 1.436, respectively; p = 0.031). In the group with normal IMT values, a substantially higher fraction of Prevotellaceae was observed in contrast with subjects having subclinical atherosclerosis. However, there was no significant difference in the alpha diversity between the two groups. Conclusions: The determining role of individual genera and their proportions in the development and progression of atherosclerosis can be assumed. Further studies are needed to clarify if these findings can be used as potential therapeutic targets.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1648-9144
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/medicina57030195
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2088820-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Specific nasopharyngeal Corynebacterium strains serve as gatekeepers against SARS-CoV-2 infection
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  GeroScience
    Details
    In: GeroScience, Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 virus is still causing a worldwide problem. The virus settles primarily on the nasal mucosa, and the infection and its course depend on individual susceptibility. Our aim was to investigate the nasopharynx composition’s role in the individual susceptibility. During the first phase of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, nasopharyngeal microbiome samples of close contact unvaccinated patients were investigated by 16S rRNA analysis and by culturing. The whole genome of cultured Corynebacteria was sequenced. The relative expression of ACE2, TMPRSS2, and cathepsin L on Caco-2 cells and the strength of S1-ACE2 binding were determined in the presence of Corynebacteria . From 55 close contacts exposed to identical SARS-CoV-2 exposure, 26 patients became infected and 29 remained uninfected. The nasopharyngeal microbiome analysis showed significantly higher abundance of Corynebacteria in uninfected group. Corynebacterium accolens could be cultivated only from uninfected individuals and Corynebacterium propinquum from both infected and uninfected. Corynebacteria from uninfected patient significantly reduced the ACE2 and cathepsin L expression. C. accolens significantly reduced the TMPRSS2 expression compared to other Corynebacteria . Furthermore, Corynebacterium spp. weakened the binding of the S1-ACE2. Most C. accolens isolates harbored the TAG lipase LipS1 gene. Based on these results, the presence of Corynebacterium spp. in the nasopharyngeal microbiota, especially C. accolens strains, could reduce the individual susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection by several mechanisms: by downregulation the ACE2, the TMPRSS2 receptors, and cathepsin L in the host; through the inhibition of S1-ACE2 binding; and lipase production. These results suggest the use of C. accolens strains as probiotics in the nasopharynx in the future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2509-2723
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00850-1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2886418-9
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