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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: prevalence in skin and soft tissue infections at emergency departments in the Greater Toronto Area and associated risk factors
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2009
    In:  CJEM Vol. 11, No. 05 ( 2009-09), p. 439-446
    Details
    In: CJEM, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 11, No. 05 ( 2009-09), p. 439-446
    Abstract: Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA), which is caused primarily by the Canadian methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus -10 (CMRSA-10) strain (also known as the USA300 strain) has emerged rapidly in the United States and is now emerging in Canada. We assessed the prevalence, risk factors, microbiological characteristics and outcomes of CA-MRSA in patients with purulent skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) presenting to emergency departments (EDs) in the Greater Toronto Area. Methods: Patients with Staphylococcus aureus SSTIs who presented to 7 EDs between Mar. 1 and Jun. 30, 2007, were eligible for inclusion in this study. Antimicrobial susceptibilities and molecular characteristics of MRSA strains were identified. Demographic, risk factor and clinical data were collected through telephone interviews. Results: MRSA was isolated from 58 (19%) of 299 eligible patients. CMRSA-10 was identified at 6 of the 7 study sites and accounted for 29 (50%) of all cases of MRSA. Telephone interviews were completed for 161 of the eligible patients. Individuals with CMRSA-10 were younger (median 34 v. 63 yr, p = 0.002), less likely to report recent antibiotic use (22% v. 67%, p = 0.046) or health care–related risk factors (33% v. 72%, p = 0.097) and more likely to report community-related risk factors (56% v. 6%, p = 0.008) than patients with other MRSA strains. CMRSA-10 SSTIs were treated with incision and drainage (1 patient), antibiotic therapy (3 patients) or both (5 patients), and all resolved. CMRSA-10 isolates were susceptible to clindamycin, tetracycline and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole. Conclusion: CA-MRSA is a significant cause of SSTIs in the Greater Toronto Area, and can affect patients without known community-related risk factors. The changing epidemiology of CA-MRSA necessitates further surveillance to inform prevention strategies and empiric treatment guidelines.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1481-8035 , 1481-8043
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1481803500011635
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2059217-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Misidentified as Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by the BD GeneOhm MRSA Assay
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2011
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 49, No. 4 ( 2011-04), p. 1240-1244
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 49, No. 4 ( 2011-04), p. 1240-1244
    Abstract: Twenty-three nasal swab samples that tested positive for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on initial testing by the BD GeneOhm MRSA assay (BD-MRSA PCR; BD GeneOhm, San Diego, CA) were culture positive only for methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) from an enrichment broth. The 23 recovered isolates were confirmed as MSSA by a variety of phenotypic methods, including the BD Phoenix automated microbiology system (BD Diagnostics, Sparks, MD), oxacillin screening agar (BD Diagnostics), BBL CHROMagar MRSA (BD Diagnostics), and a PBP2′ assay (Denka Seiken Co., Tokyo, Japan); susceptibilities were determined by using Mueller-Hinton agar with oxacillin. All were positive by nuc PCR, specific for S. aureus , but negative for mecA with one exception. Isolates were characterized by using multiplex PCR methodology to determine structural types and variants (SCC mec typing); additional PCRs were performed for the detection of the ccr and mec complexes, the junkyard regions as well as the Panton-Valentine leukocidin. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to determine clonality. One phenotypic MSSA isolate contained an intact SCC mec . Twelve MSSA isolates tested positive for MRSA by the BD-MRSA PCR because of amplification of the mec priming site flanking the SCC insertion point, although these isolates lacked mecA . The 10 remaining isolates were not MRSA and tested as MSSA by phenotypic and genotypic assays. In our patient population, diagnostic and surveillance testing and subsequent infection control practices may be impacted by the frequency of these excision events when using the BD-MRSA PCR for MRSA detection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02220-10
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Diagnosis of Group A Streptococcal Necrotizing Fasciitis by Using PCR To Amplify the Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxin B Gene
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1998
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 36, No. 6 ( 1998-06), p. 1769-1771
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 36, No. 6 ( 1998-06), p. 1769-1771
    Abstract: This study evaluated a PCR assay for detection of the streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B ( speB ) gene from tissue biopsy specimens of patients with necrotizing fasciitis. speB was detected in specimens from all 10 patients with necrotizing fasciitis due to group A streptococcus. The assay was negative for all 11 patients without culture or serologic evidence of streptococcal infection. These results suggest that the detection of speB by PCR may be useful for confirming group A streptococcal infection when cultures are negative or not available.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.36.6.1769-1771.1998
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1998
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identification of different clonal complexes and diverse amino acid substitutions in penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2) associated with borderline oxacillin resistance in Canadian Staphylococcus aureus isolates
    Microbiology Society ; 2006
    In:  Journal of Medical Microbiology Vol. 55, No. 12 ( 2006-12-01), p. 1675-1683
    Details
    In: Journal of Medical Microbiology, Microbiology Society, Vol. 55, No. 12 ( 2006-12-01), p. 1675-1683
    Abstract: Borderline oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (BORSA) exhibit oxacillin MIC values of 1–8 μg ml −1 , but lack mecA , which encodes the low-affinity penicillin-binding protein (PBP)2a. The relationship of the BORSA phenotype with specific genetic backgrounds was assessed, as well as amino acid sequence variation in the normal PBP2. Among 38 BORSA, 26 had a common PFGE profile of genomic DNA, and were multilocus sequence type (ST)25. The other isolates were genetically diverse. Complete pbp2 sequences were determined for three BORSA, corresponding to ST25, ST1 and ST47, which were selected on the basis of lacking blaZ -encoded β -lactamase. The essential transpeptidase-domain-encoding segment of pbp2 was also sequenced from seven additional ST25 isolates. Amino acid substitutions occurred in the transpeptidase domain of all BORSA, irrespective of clonal type. A Gln 629 →Pro substitution was common to all ST25 BORSA, but most could be distinguished from one another by additional unique substitutions in the transpeptidase domain. The ST1 and ST47 isolates also possessed unique substitutions in the transpeptidase domain. Plasmid-mediated expression of pbp2 from an ST25 or ST1 isolate in S. aureus RN6390 increased its oxacillin MIC from 0.25 to 4 μg ml −1 , while pbp2 from a susceptible strain, ATCC 25923, had no effect. Therefore, different amino acid substitutions in PBP2 of diverse BORSA lineages contribute to borderline resistance. The predominant ST25 lineage was not related to any of the five clonal complexes that contain meticillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), suggesting that ST25 cannot readily acquire mecA -mediated resistance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-2615 , 1473-5644
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.46700-0
    RVK:
    XA 55020
    Language: English
    Publisher: Microbiology Society
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2083944-3
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Detection and Characterization of Heterogeneous Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus Isolates in Canada: Results from the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program, 1995-2006
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2010
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 54, No. 2 ( 2010-02), p. 945-949
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 54, No. 2 ( 2010-02), p. 945-949
    Abstract: We describe the epidemiology of heterogeneously resistant Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) identified in Canadian hospitals between 1995 and 2006. hVISA isolates were confirmed by the population analysis profiling-area under the curve method. Only 25 hVISA isolates (1.3% of all isolates) were detected. hVISA isolates were more likely to have been health care associated (odds ratio [OR] , 5.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9 to 14.2) and to have been recovered from patients hospitalized in central Canada (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.2 to 7.4). There has been no evidence of vancomycin “MIC creep” in Canadian strains of methicillin (meticillin)-resistant S. aureus , and hVISA strains are currently uncommon.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01316-09
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates with a Partial or Complete Absence of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome Elements
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2010
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 48, No. 10 ( 2010-10), p. 3525-3531
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 48, No. 10 ( 2010-10), p. 3525-3531
    Abstract: Detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by single-locus PCR assays that target the extremity of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome- mec (SCC mec ) and part of the adjacent S. aureus -specific open reading frame gene ( orfX ) is a significant diagnostic advancement, since it provides real-time detection directly from screening specimens. However, isolates harboring mecA deletions within SCC mec may result in false-positive identification of MRSA in these assays. We characterized 24 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates that tested positive in one such assay to investigate this phenomenon. Seven isolates resembled USA100 and carried SCC mec II elements with mecA deletions that spanned 20 to 46 kbp. The mecA excisions in USA100-resembling isolates appeared to be linked with IS 431 transposable elements present in SCC mec II. For 17 isolates that resembled USA400 and/or MSSA476, the identity and possible excision of SCC elements could not be confirmed. The downstream common sequence ( dcs ) shared by SCC mec I, II, and IV elements was detected in these isolates. Sequence analysis of the chromosomal regions flanking the missing SCC element revealed an intact SCC integration site, a duplicate dcs , and the enterotoxin gene cluster downstream of orfX . An annealing sequence for one of the SCC mec -specific primers (mecii574) in the single-locus PCR assay was identified in the duplicate dcs . In the absence of SCC, a 176-bp amplicon can be generated from this mecii574 annealing sequence to yield a false-positive result. In conclusion, partial SCC mec II excisions via IS 431 elements in strains that resembled USA100 and the presence of a duplicate mecii574 annealing sequence in strains that resembled USA400/MSSA476 were identified as causes for false-positive results in a single-locus PCR assay that targets the SCC mec / orfX junction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00775-10
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An Unusual Cause of False-Positive Results with the BD GeneOhm Cdiff Assay
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2013
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 51, No. 4 ( 2013-04), p. 1348-1349
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 51, No. 4 ( 2013-04), p. 1348-1349
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.03341-12
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of a Rapid PCR Assay for Diagnosis of Meningococcal Meningitis
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2003
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 41, No. 8 ( 2003-08), p. 3851-3853
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 41, No. 8 ( 2003-08), p. 3851-3853
    Abstract: We compared the results of Gram staining and culture of cerebrospinal fluid to results obtained with a rapid PCR assay for the diagnosis of meningococcal meningitis in 281 cases of suspected bacterial meningitis. PCR had a sensitivity of 97% compared to a sensitivity of 55% for culture, and the PCR specificity was 99.6%. PCR results were available within 2 h of the start of the assay.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.8.3851-3853.2003
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Amphotericin B in Lipid Emulsion: Stability, Compatibility, and In Vitro Antifungal Activity
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1998
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 42, No. 4 ( 1998-04), p. 762-766
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 42, No. 4 ( 1998-04), p. 762-766
    Abstract: Newer formulations of amphotericin B (AmB) complexed with liposomes or lipid suspensions have been developed. Preliminary studies have suggested that AmB in Intralipid (IL) may be as effective as, but less toxic than, conventional formulations of AmB, but few data are available regarding its stability, compatibility, or in vitro antifungal activity. A compatibility study was done to evaluate the effects of AmB concentrations in IL containing either 10 or 20% soybean oil. The effects of temperature, shaking, and AmB and IL concentrations on the stability of AmB-IL suspensions were analyzed by visual inspection and liquid chromatography. The in vitro antifungal activity of AmB-IL, compared to that of AmB alone against reference strains of Candida species was determined by using a broth macrodilution method in accordance with National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards guidelines (M27-T). Samples of AmB-IL which were lightly shaken retained more than 90% of the AmB concentration over 21 days when stored at either 4 or 23°C. Varying the AmB concentration did not appear to affect the stability of AmB-IL. However, a precipitate was formed when mixtures with more than 30% lipid as a proportion of the total volume were centrifuged. AmB-IL and AmB alone had similar in vitro antifungal activities against reference strains of yeasts. Further pharmacologic and clinical studies with AmB-IL are warranted, although AmB should not be combined with IL in concentrations capable of producing a precipitate.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.42.4.762
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1998
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Health Care-Associated and Community-Associated Strains of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Hospitalized Patients in Canada, 1995 to 2008
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2010
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 54, No. 5 ( 2010-05), p. 2265-2268
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 54, No. 5 ( 2010-05), p. 2265-2268
    Abstract: We determined the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibilities of 7,942 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates obtained from patients hospitalized in 48 Canadian hospitals from 1995 to 2008. Regional variations in susceptibilities were identified. The dissemination of community-associated strains in Canada appears to have contributed to increased susceptibility of MRSA to several non-β-lactam antimicrobial agents in the past decade. Reduced susceptibility to glycopeptides was not identified.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01717-09
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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