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  • SAGE Publications  (40)
  • 2005-2009  (40)
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  • SAGE Publications  (40)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Refractoriness of the Sheep Superior Vena Cava Myocardial Sleeve
    SAGE Publications ; 2008
    In:  Experimental Biology and Medicine Vol. 233, No. 11 ( 2008-11), p. 1441-1447
    Details
    In: Experimental Biology and Medicine, SAGE Publications, Vol. 233, No. 11 ( 2008-11), p. 1441-1447
    Abstract: The cardiomyocytes in the superior vena cava (SVC) myocardial sleeve have distinct action potentials and ionic current profiles, but the refractoriness of these cells has not been reported. Using standard intracellular microelectrode techniques, we demonstrated in sheep that the effective refractory period (ERP) of the cardiomyocytes in the SVC (114.7 ± 6.5 ms) is shorter than that in the inferior vena cava (IVC) (166.7 ± 6.2 ms), right atrial free wall (RAFW) (201.0 ± 6.0 ms) and right atrial appendage (RAA) (203.1 ± 5.8 ms) ( P 〈 0.05). The right atrial cardiomyocyte ERP was heterogeneously shortened by acetylcholine, a muscarinic type 2 receptor (M 2 R) agonist. After perfusion with 15 μM acetylcholine, the shortest ERP occurred in the SVC (the ERP in the SVC, IVC, RAFW and RAA was 53.6 ± 2.7, 98.9 ± 2.2, 121.8 ± 6.0 and 109.7 ± 5.1 ms, respectively; P 〈 0.05). Carbachol (1 μM), another M 2 R agonist, produced a similar effect as acetylcholine. Furthermore, we used methoctramine, a M 2 R blocker, 4-DAMP, a muscarinic type 3 receptor (M 3 R) blocker, and tropicamide, a muscarinic type 4 receptor (M 4 R) blocker to inhibit the acetylcholine-induced ERP shortening of SVC cardiomyocytes, and found that the 50% inhibitory concentration for methoctramine, 4-DAMP and tropicamide was 5.91, 45.72 and 80.34 nM, respectively. Therefore, we conclude that the sheep SVC myocardial sleeve is a unique electrophysiological region of the right atrium with the shortest ERP both under physiological condition and under cholinergic agonist stimulation. M 2 R might play a major role in the response of the SVC myocardial sleeve to parasympathetic nerve tone. The association between the distinct refractoriness in SVC and atrial fibrillation originating from the region deserves further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1535-3702 , 1535-3699
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3181/0803-RM-102
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020856-X
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Experimental Features and Characteristics of Speed Dispersion in Urban Freeway Traffic
    SAGE Publications ; 2007
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 1999, No. 1 ( 2007-01), p. 150-160
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 1999, No. 1 ( 2007-01), p. 150-160
    Abstract: Characteristics of speed dispersion in urban freeway traffic are presented. Two definitions of speed dispersion are proposed: the standard deviation of the individual speeds and the average speed difference of two neighboring vehicles. On the basis of the definitions, traffic data obtained from two urban freeways in China are studied, and different characteristics of speed dispersion are found in four substates of traffic flow, which correspond to four regions in the empirical fundamental diagram. In the bunching state of congested traffic, the flow rate decreases with an increase in speed dispersion at a given mean speed. In the bunching state of fluid traffic, the speed dispersion of traffic flow is small, and in the free state of fluid traffic, speed dispersion is distributed in a disorderly manner in a wide range. Such phenomena are more remarkable under the definition of the average speed difference for speed dispersion. In addition, some possible explanations are presented for the characteristics of speed dispersion in each traffic substate. These speed dispersion studies provide a new approach for microscopic modeling and understanding of traffic flow characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/1999-16
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    FMRI Connectivity Analysis of Acupuncture Effects on an Amygdala-Associated Brain Network
    SAGE Publications ; 2008
    In:  Molecular Pain Vol. 4 ( 2008-01-01), p. 1744-8069-4-55-
    Details
    In: Molecular Pain, SAGE Publications, Vol. 4 ( 2008-01-01), p. 1744-8069-4-55-
    Abstract: Recently, increasing evidence has indicated that the primary acupuncture effects are mediated by the central nervous system. However, specific brain networks underpinning these effects remain unclear. Results: In the present study using fMRI, we employed a within-condition interregional covariance analysis method to investigate functional connectivity of brain networks involved in acupuncture. The fMRI experiment was performed before, during and after acupuncture manipulations on healthy volunteers at an acupuncture point, which was previously implicated in a neural pathway for pain modulation. We first identified significant fMRI signal changes during acupuncture stimulation in the left amygdala, which was subsequently selected as a functional reference for connectivity analyses. Our results have demonstrated that there is a brain network associated with the amygdala during a resting condition. This network encompasses the brain structures that are implicated in both pain sensation and pain modulation. We also found that such a pain-related network could be modulated by both verum acupuncture and sham acupuncture. Furthermore, compared with a sham acupuncture, the verum acupuncture induced a higher level of correlations among the amygdala-associated network. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that acupuncture may change this amygdala-specific brain network into a functional state that underlies pain perception and pain modulation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1744-8069 , 1744-8069
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-4-55
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2174252-2
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Local Effects of Retrovirally Transduced Endostatin-Expressing Human Umbilical Cord Blood CD34+ Cells on Transplanted Malignancy in a Mouse Model of Hepatic Cancer
    SAGE Publications ; 2008
    In:  Cell Transplantation Vol. 17, No. 8 ( 2008-08), p. 969-975
    Details
    In: Cell Transplantation, SAGE Publications, Vol. 17, No. 8 ( 2008-08), p. 969-975
    Abstract: Antiangiogenesis has been exploited as an effective approach to inhibit the growth of solid tumors. This technique has been evaluated using various vectors in several xenograft animal models to demonstrate the efficacy of endostatin gene therapy against cancer growth. However, previous studies have not examined the use of cord blood CD34+ cells as endostatin-producing cells for gene therapy against hepatoma. This exploratory study was done to investigate the local effects of CD34+ cells transduced with the endostatin gene on a mouse xenograft tumor model. The human endostatin gene was transferred into CD34+ cells using the recombinant retrovirus plasmid, pLncx/endo. Expression was verified by RT-PCR and Western blot analyses, confirming the stable expression and secretion of endostatin from the transferred CD34+ cells. The proliferation of vascular endothelial cells was evaluated by MTT assay and found to decrease by about 59.9% when treated with the supernatant of cultured transfected CD34+ cells in vitro. These genetically modified cord blood CD34+ cells were implanted intratumorally and tumor regression was evaluated after 2 weeks. The average size of a xenograft tumor in the CD34+/endo group was reduced 31.39% compared to that in the untreated mice or those transplanted with CD34+ cells transduced with a control vector. The microvascular density of the tumor decreased 62.45% in the treated group. The expression of proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) also decreased significantly in the treated group. Moreover, the apoptotic index (AI) of tumors, as evaluated by TUNEL staining, was significantly enhanced in the treatment group. Our findings indicate that angiogenesis of the xenograft tumor in mice may be inhibited by local administration of genetically modified CD34+ cells expressing the endostatin gene. This novel approach may lead to a new direction of cell-based gene therapy for malignancy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0963-6897 , 1555-3892
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3727/096368908786576525
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020466-8
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Appearance of Anaphylactic Shock after Long-Term Intravenous Itraconazole Treatment
    SAGE Publications ; 2009
    In:  Annals of Pharmacotherapy Vol. 43, No. 3 ( 2009-03), p. 537-541
    Details
    In: Annals of Pharmacotherapy, SAGE Publications, Vol. 43, No. 3 ( 2009-03), p. 537-541
    Abstract: To report a rare but severe adverse effect of intravenous itraconazole, anaphylactic shock with hypotension and hypoxemia, in a female patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Case Summary: A 36-year-old woman with ALL received antifungal therapy for pulmonary fungal infections. On day 17 of itraconazole treatment, she developed hypotension and hypoxemia shock after intravenous administration of itraconazole 200 mg, which was eventually reversed by steroid treatment. On days 18 and 19, the patient developed the same type of shock 2 more times in the course of itraconazole administration. These 2 episodes of shock occurred more quickly after intravenous itraconazole administration (100 mg on day 18, 40 mg on day 19), and were reversed by stopping itraconazole and applying steroid treatment. In the modified antifungal therapy, intravenous administration of itraconazole was replaced by oral administration of voriconazole 200 mg twice daily. Shock did not recur after discontinuation of itraconazole treatment. The Naranjo probability scale showed a probable relationship between itraconazole treatment and shock occurrence. Discussion: Itraconazole is a widely used antifungal drugs and is well tolerated. However, long-term itraconazole treatment might lead to serious and even life-threatening adverse effects such as anaphylactic shock, as seen in our patient. T cell reduction caused by immunosuppression and itraconazole accumulation in patients with ALL are considered to be important causal factors for this delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. Conclusions: Anaphylactic shock represents a previously undocumented severe adverse effect associated with long-term itraconazole treatment; patients receiving this therapy and should be monitored closely.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1060-0280 , 1542-6270
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1345/aph.1L343
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2053518-1
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tensile Property and Heat Resistance of Polyurethane Prepolymer Reinforced Phenoxy Resin
    SAGE Publications ; 2007
    In:  Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites Vol. 26, No. 1 ( 2007-01), p. 15-24
    Details
    In: Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, SAGE Publications, Vol. 26, No. 1 ( 2007-01), p. 15-24
    Abstract: Phenoxy resin reacted with a toluene diisocynate-terminated polyurethane prepolymer forming a reinforced thermosetting plastic by static casting. We investigated the effects of the process conditions including crosslinking time, crosslinking temperature, and isocyanate index (I)on the mechanical property and heat resistance of the crosslinked product. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), and a material testing machine were used to characterize and test the reinforced phenoxy resin. The results show that the maximum tensile strength is 71.8, 63, 41.9 MPa and breaking extension is 6.3%, 325%, 418.8% in I of 0.04, 0.16, 0.28, respectively, under the conditions of optimal crosslinking temperature of 100%C and appropriate crosslinking time of 0.5-2 h. The heat resistance of crosslinked phenoxy resin deteriorates with the increase of I. The all-round properties are optimum in I of 0.16 and isocyanate index decides the reinforced product property.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0731-6844 , 1530-7964
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0731684407069946
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2051886-9
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Are frequent radiographs necessary in the management of closed forearm fractures in children?
    SAGE Publications ; 2008
    In:  Journal of Children's Orthopaedics Vol. 2, No. 3 ( 2008-06), p. 217-220
    Details
    In: Journal of Children's Orthopaedics, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2, No. 3 ( 2008-06), p. 217-220
    Abstract: A prospective pooled case series was used to assess the value of frequent radiographic examinations during treatment of closed forearm fractures in children from major university pediatric medical centers in Israel and China. Methods The sample consisted of 202 consecutive children (mean age 7 years; range 3–12 years) with closed forearm fractures treated nonoperatively. Children with open, growth-plate fractures or fractures associated with dislocation of the nearby joint (i.e., monteggia fractures) were excluded. In 28 children who had torus fractures, radiographic examination was performed at the time of cast removal, 3 weeks after the start of treatment. In 63 children who had stable fractures that did not require reduction (undisplaced or minimally displaced, complete or greenstick), radiographic examination was performed 1 week after the start of treatment and again at cast removal 4–6 weeks later. In the remaining 111 children with complete, displaced, or greenstick fractures (all with angulation of more than 15°) who underwent closed reduction, an additional X-ray was taken 2 weeks after cast placement. All children (except those with torus fractures) were followed clinically, without further radiographic examination, for 3 months after cast removal. Results Radiographs at cast removal showed good union in all stable fractures, indicating that additional X-rays on cast removal would have had no added value. In the children with unstable fractures, only 9 showed redisplacement with angulation of more than 15° on repeated X-rays during the first 2 weeks after cast placement. All 9 underwent successful re-reduction. On clinical evaluation 3 months after cast removal, all patients in the sample had full range of elbow and forearm motion. Repeated fracture did not occur in any of the patients. Conclusions On the basis of these results, radiographs are recommended 2 weeks after cast placement for greenstick or complete fractures. At the time of cast removal, if clinical examination does not show signs of nonunion or malalignment, no radiographic examination is necessary.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1863-2521 , 1863-2548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s11832-008-0101-5
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2268264-8
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In vivo PPARα activation attenuates cerebrovascular endothelial dysfunction via impeding NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide and augmenting tetrahydrobiopterin in mineralocorticoid hypertension
    SAGE Publications ; 2005
    In:  Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism Vol. 25, No. 1_suppl ( 2005-08), p. S460-S460
    Details
    In: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, SAGE Publications, Vol. 25, No. 1_suppl ( 2005-08), p. S460-S460
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0271-678X , 1559-7016
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9591524.0460
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2039456-1
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Porphyromonas gingivalis induces IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 production by THP-1 cells in a way different from that of Escherichia coli LPS
    SAGE Publications ; 2008
    In:  Innate Immunity Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2008-04), p. 99-107
    Details
    In: Innate Immunity, SAGE Publications, Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2008-04), p. 99-107
    Abstract: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis has been shown to differ from enterobacterial LPS in structure and function; therefore, the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the intracellular inflammatory signaling pathways are accordingly different. To elucidate the signal transduction pathway of P. gingivalis, LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production in the human monocytic cell line THP-1 was measured by ELISA, and the TLRs were determined by the blocking test using anti-TLRs antibodies. In addition, specific inhibitors as well as Phospho-ELISA kits were used to analyze the intracellular signaling pathways. Escherichia coli LPS was used as the control. In this study, P. gingivalis LPS showed the ability to induce cytokine production in THP-1 cells and its induction was significantly ( P 〈 0.05) suppressed by anti-TLR2 antibody or JNK inhibitor, and the phosphorylation level of JNK was significantly increased ( P 〈 0.05). These results indicate that TLR2—JNK is the main signaling pathway of P. gingivalis LPS-induced cytokine production, while the cytokine induction by E. coli LPS was mainly via TLR4—NF-κB and TLR4—p38MAPK. This suggests that P. gingivalis LPS differs from E. coli LPS in its signaling pathway in THP-1 cells, and that the TLR2—JNK pathway might play a significant role in P. gingivalis LPS-induced chronic inflammatory periodontal disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1753-4259 , 1753-4267
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1753425907088244
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2381250-3
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Rapid Identification of Small Interfering Rna that Can Effectively Inhibit the Replication of Multiple Influenza B Virus Strains
    SAGE Publications ; 2006
    In:  Antiviral Therapy Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2006-05), p. 431-438
    Details
    In: Antiviral Therapy, SAGE Publications, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2006-05), p. 431-438
    Abstract: Influenza B virus is a cause of substantial morbidity and mortality in humans and current vaccination strategies and antiviral drugs only provide limited protection. Here, we report the evaluation of small interfering RNA (siRNA) for repression of viral replication in cultured cells as well as in chicken embryos. Several siRNAs targeting conserved regions of the virus (in chemically synthesized or plasmid-encoded forms) were found to effectively block the replication of the influenza B virus. The siRNAs were found to offer broad protection over several strains of influenza B virus (B/Beijing/76/98, B/Beijing/37/99 and B/Jiangsu/10/03) that differ substantially in their genetic content. The antiviral effects of 500 ng siRNA-encoding plasmids or 60 nmoles synthetic siRNA were found to be comparable to that of 3.6 μg ribavirin. These results indicated that RNA interference warrants further study for management of influenza B virus infections.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1359-6535 , 2040-2058
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/135965350601100411
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2118396-X
    SSG: 15,3
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