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  • MDPI AG  (200)
  • Liu, Huan  (200)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MRI-Based Radiomics Models to Discriminate Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Non-Hepatocellular Carcinoma in LR-M According to LI-RADS Version 2018
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Diagnostics Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2022-04-21), p. 1043-
    Details
    In: Diagnostics, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2022-04-21), p. 1043-
    Abstract: Differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from other primary liver malignancies in the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) M (LR-M) tumours noninvasively is critical for patient treatment options, but visual evaluation based on medical images is a very challenging task. This study aimed to evaluate whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) models based on radiomics features could further improve the ability to classify LR-M tumour subtypes. A total of 102 liver tumours were defined as LR-M by two radiologists based on LI-RADS and were confirmed to be HCC (n = 31) and non-HCC (n = 71) by surgery. A radiomics signature was constructed based on reproducible features using the max-relevance and min-redundancy (mRMR) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression algorithms with tenfold cross-validation. Logistic regression modelling was applied to establish different models based on T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), arterial phase (AP), portal vein phase (PVP), and combined models. These models were verified independently in the validation cohort. The area under the curve (AUC) of the models based on T2WI, AP, PVP, T2WI + AP, T2WI + PVP, AP + PVP, and T2WI + AP + PVP were 0.768, 0.838, 0.778, 0.880, 0.818, 0.832, and 0.884, respectively. The combined model based on T2WI + AP + PVP showed the best performance in the training cohort and validation cohort. The discrimination efficiency of each radiomics model was significantly better than that of junior radiologists’ visual assessment (p 〈 0.05; Delong). Therefore, the MRI-based radiomics models had a good ability to discriminate between HCC and non-HCC in LR-M tumours, providing more options to improve the accuracy of LI-RADS classification.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4418
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051043
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662336-5
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    B-Cell-Epitope-Based Fluorescent Quantum Dot Biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 Enable Highly Sensitive COVID-19 Antibody Detection
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Viruses Vol. 14, No. 5 ( 2022-05-12), p. 1031-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 5 ( 2022-05-12), p. 1031-
    Abstract: A new antibody diagnostic assay with more rapid and robust properties is demanded to quantitatively evaluate anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunity in a large population. Here, we developed a nanometer-scale fluorescent biosensor system consisting of CdSe-ZnS quantum dots (QDs) coupled with the highly sensitive B-cell epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 that could remarkably identify the corresponding antibody with a detection limit of 100 pM. Intriguingly, we found that fluorescence quenching of QDs was stimulated more obviously when coupled with peptides than the corresponding proteins, indicating that the energy transfer between QDs and peptides was more effective. Compared to the traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the B-cell-epitope-based QD-biosensor could robustly distinguish coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) antibody-positive patients from uninfected individuals with a higher sensitivity (92.3–98.1% positive rates by QD-biosensor vs. 78.3–83.1% positive rates by ELISAs in 207 COVID-19 patients’ sera) in a more rapid (5 min) and labor-saving manner. Taken together, the ‘QD-peptides’ biosensor provided a novel real-time, quantitative, and high-throughput method for clinical diagnosis and home-use tests.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v14051031
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the Soybean Snf2 Gene Family and Expression Response to Rhizobia
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 8 ( 2023-04-14), p. 7250-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 8 ( 2023-04-14), p. 7250-
    Abstract: Sucrose nonfermenting 2 (Snf2) family proteins are the core component of chromatin remodeling complexes that can alter chromatin structure and nucleosome position by utilizing the energy of ATP, playing a vital role in transcription regulation, DNA replication, and DNA damage repair. Snf2 family proteins have been characterized in various species including plants, and they have been found to regulate development and stress responses in Arabidopsis. Soybean (Glycine max) is an important food and economic crop worldwide, unlike other non-leguminous crops, soybeans can form a symbiotic relationship with rhizobia for biological nitrogen fixation. However, little is known about Snf2 family proteins in soybean. In this study, we identified 66 Snf2 family genes in soybean that could be classified into six groups like Arabidopsis, unevenly distributed on 20 soybean chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis with Arabidopsis revealed that these 66 Snf2 family genes could be divided into 18 subfamilies. Collinear analysis showed that segmental duplication was the main mechanism for expansion of Snf2 genes rather than tandem repeats. Further evolutionary analysis indicated that the duplicated gene pairs had undergone purifying selection. All Snf2 proteins contained seven domains, and each Snf2 protein had at least one SNF2_N domain and one Helicase_C domain. Promoter analysis revealed that most Snf2 genes had cis-elements associated with jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, and nodule specificity in their promoter regions. Microarray data and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis revealed that the expression profiles of most Snf2 family genes were detected in both root and nodule tissues, and some of them were found to be significantly downregulated after rhizobial infection. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the soybean Snf2 family genes and demonstrated their responsiveness to Rhizobia infection. This provides insight into the potential roles of Snf2 family genes in soybean symbiotic nodulation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087250
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Adsorption Characteristics and Mechanism of Methylene Blue in Water by NaOH-Modified Areca Residue Biochar
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Processes Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2022-12-17), p. 2729-
    Details
    In: Processes, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2022-12-17), p. 2729-
    Abstract: To solve the water pollution problem caused by methylene blue (MB), areca residue biochar (ARB) was prepared by pyrolysis at 600 °C, and modified areca residue biochar (M-ARB) was obtained by modifying ARB with 1.5 mol/L NaOH, and they were utilized to adsorb and eliminate MB from water. The structural characteristics of ARB and M-ARB were examined, and the main influencing factors and adsorption mechanism of MB adsorption process were investigated. The outcomes demonstrated an increase in M-ARB’s specific surface area and total pore volume of 66.67% and 79.61%, respectively, compared with ARB, and the pore structure was more abundant, and the content of oxygen element was also significantly increased. When the reaction temperature was 25 °C, starting pH of the mixture was 10, the initial MB concentration was 50 mg/L, the ARB and M-ARB dosages were 0.07 g/L and 0.04 g/L, respectively, the adsorption equilibrium was achieved at about 210 min, and the elimination rate for MB exceeded 94%. The adsorption behaviors of ARB and M-ARB on MB were more in line with the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 〉 0.95) and the quasi-secondary kinetic model (R2 〉 0.97), which was characterized by single-molecule layer chemisorption. The highest amount of MB that may theoretically be absorbed by M-ARB in water ranging from 136.81 to 152.72 mg/g was 74.99–76.59% higher than that of ARB. The adsorption process was a spontaneous heat absorption reaction driven by entropy increase, and the adsorption mechanism mainly involved electrostatic gravitational force, pore filling, hydrogen bonding, and π–π bonding, which was a complex process containing multiple mechanisms of action. NaOH modification can make the ARB have more perfect surface properties and more functional group structures that can participate in the adsorption reaction, which can be used as an advantageous adsorption material for MB removal in water.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9717
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pr10122729
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720994-5
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Lycium Barbarum Polysaccharides and Wolfberry Juice Prevent DEHP-Induced Hepatotoxicity via PXR-Regulated Detoxification Pathway
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Molecules Vol. 26, No. 4 ( 2021-02-06), p. 859-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 26, No. 4 ( 2021-02-06), p. 859-
    Abstract: Environmental di(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is widely used in various industries as a plasticizer, and has been reported to induce reproductive and developmental toxicities in organisms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the detoxification capacity of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) and wolfberry juice (WJ) against DEHP-induced hepatotoxicity. Two groups of rats were purchased to study two different intervention method experiments: LBP (50, 100, 200 mg/kg·bw) intervention before DEHP (2000 mg/kg·bw) exposure, and LBP (200 mg/kg·bw) or WJ (8 mL/kg·bw) intervention after DEHP (3000 mg/kg·bw) exposure. The rats were exposed to DEHP once, while the intervention lasted for seven days. At the end of the intervention, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the related index. The LBP intervention before DEHP exposure experiment (the first experimental method) found that LBP group rats showed a strong capacity toward DEHP detoxification, evidenced by the significant upregulation of activities and concentrations of the partner retinoid, X receptor alpha (RXRα), and downstream regulators Cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1), Cytochrome P4503A1 (CYP3A1), Glutathione S-Transferase Pi (GSTpi), and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1 (UGT1) in a dose-dependent manner. The LBP and WJ intervention after DEHP exposure experiment (the second intervention experiment) found that WJ could downregulate pregnane X receptor (PXR), and upregulate downstream regulators, CYP2E1, CYP3A1, and Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) with the extension of intervention time, to alleviate the toxicity of DEHP. However, the intervention effect of WJ was more obvious than that of LBP. These results suggested that LBP and WJ might be effective detoxification agents against DEHP-induced toxic effects, by activating PXR and PXR-related detoxifying enzymes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040859
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Stability Study of an Electrothermally-Actuated MEMS Mirror with Al/SiO2 Bimorphs
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2019-10-12), p. 693-
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2019-10-12), p. 693-
    Abstract: Electrothermal actuation is one of the main actuation mechanisms and has been employed to make scanning microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) mirrors with large scan range, high fill factor, and low driving voltage, but there exist long-term drifting issues in electrothermal bimorph actuators whose causes are not well understood. In this paper, the stability of an Al / SiO 2 bimorph electrothermal MEMS mirror operated in both static and dynamic scan mode has been studied. Particularly, the angular drifts of the MEMS mirror plate were measured over 90 h at different temperatures in the range of 50 – 150 °C. The experiments show that the temporal drift of the mirror plate orientation largely depends on the temperature of the electrothermal bimorph actuators. Interestingly, it is found that the angular drift changes from falling to rising as the temperature increases. An optimal operating temperature between 75 °C to 100 °C for the MEMS mirror is identified. At this temperature, the MEMS mirror exhibited stable scanning with an angular drift of less than 0.0001 °/h.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi10100693
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2620864-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Optimizing Rice Sowing Dates for High Yield and Climate Adaptation in Central China
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2023-05-10), p. 1339-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2023-05-10), p. 1339-
    Abstract: Optimizing the sowing date of rice can change the seasonal patterns and distributions of climate factors during the crop growing season, making it one of the most effective ways to adapt to climate change and achieve high yield. A four–year field experiment (2018–2021) was conducted at Jingzhou Agricultural Meteorological Experiment Station, central China, with four different sowing dates (SD) each year, late April (SD1), early May (SD2), mid–May (SD3) and late May (SD4). Dry matter accumulation, grain yield and climate conditions were observed across sowing dates. Our findings revealed that delaying the sowing date from early May to mid or late May could increase grain yield by 5.6% to 8.6%. However, sowing too early could increase heat stress, decrease the net effective accumulated temperature, inhibit rice growth, and reduce grain yield. On the other hand, sowing too late could increase the risk of low temperatures after flowering. From the perspective of increasing net effective accumulated temperature, reducing heat stress and low temperature after flowering, mid to late May was the most favorable sowing date to ensure high yield. It is suggested that optimizing rice sowing dates can effectively avoid the threat of heat stress and better match thermal resources, thereby increasing rice productivity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy13051339
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Modeling of a Rotary Adsorber for Continuous Capture of Indoor Carbon Dioxide
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Atmosphere Vol. 14, No. 8 ( 2023-08-18), p. 1307-
    Details
    In: Atmosphere, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 8 ( 2023-08-18), p. 1307-
    Abstract: Removing indoor CO2 as a pollutant via solid sorbents is a promising solution to maintaining acceptable indoor air quality while minimizing the energy consumption of ventilation. Compared to fixed-bed and fluidized-bed configurations, which require at least two beds to allow for continuous operation, a rotary adsorber is more compact and suitable to be integrated into the ventilation systems of buildings. In the present study, a regenerative rotary adsorber based on temperature swing adsorption was modeled to investigate continuous CO2 capture in an indoor environment. The governing equations of heat and mass transfer processes associated with the capture were established and coded in ANSYS Fluent software. The spatiotemporal variations of CO2 concentration and temperature in gas and solid phases within the rotary adsorber were obtained. The key findings are: (1) adjusting the speed mainly affects circumferential concentration and temperature distribution, but has little impact on axial concentration and temperature; (2) Increasing desorption inlet flow rate has little impact on adsorption outlet concentration, but significantly decreases desorption outlet concentration; (3) Raising desorption inlet temperature can increase both adsorption and desorption outlet average concentrations; (4) Reducing the volume proportion of the desorption sector will slightly increase adsorption outlet concentration and slightly decrease desorption outlet concentration, but barely affects average adsorption and desorption outlet temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4433
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/atmos14081307
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2605928-9
    SSG: 23
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characteristics of the Genome, Transcriptome and Ganoderic Acid of the Medicinal Fungus Ganoderma lingzhi
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Fungi Vol. 8, No. 12 ( 2022-11-28), p. 1257-
    Details
    In: Journal of Fungi, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 12 ( 2022-11-28), p. 1257-
    Abstract: Ganoderma (Ganodermaceae) is a genus of edible and medicinal mushrooms that create a diverse set of bioactive compounds. Ganoderma lingzhi has been famous in China for more than 2000 years for its medicinal properties. However, the genome information of G. lingzhi has not been characterized. Here, we characterized its 49.15-Mb genome, encoding 13,125 predicted genes which were sequenced by the Illumina and PacBio platform. A wide spectrum of carbohydrate-active enzymes, with a total number of 519 CAZymes were identified in G. lingzhi. Then, the genes involved in sexual recognition and ganoderic acid (GA, key bioactive metabolite) biosynthesis were characterized. In addition, we identified and deduced the possible structures of 20 main GA constituents by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS, including a new special ganochlearic acid A. Furthermore, 3996 novel transcripts were discovered, and 9276 genes were predicted to have the possibility of alternative splicing from RNA-Seq data. The alternative splicing genes were enriched for functional categories involved in protein processing, endocytosis, and metabolic activities by KEGG. These genomic, transcriptomic, and GA constituents’ resources would enrich the toolbox for biological, genetic, and secondary metabolic pathways studies in G. lingzhi.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2309-608X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jof8121257
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2784229-0
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Agglomerate Size Evolution in Solid Propellant Combustion under High Pressure
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Aerospace Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2023-05-30), p. 515-
    Details
    In: Aerospace, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2023-05-30), p. 515-
    Abstract: Solid propellant combustion and flow are significantly affected by condensed combustion products (CCPs) in solid rocket motors. A new aluminum agglomeration model is established using the discrete element method, considering the burning rate and formulation of the propellant. Combining the aluminum combustion and alumina deposition model, an analytical model of the evolution of CCPs is proposed, capable of predicting the particle-size distribution of completely burned CCPs. The CCPs near and away from the propellant burning surface are collected by a special quench vessel under 6~10 MPa, to verify the applicability of the CCP evolution model. Experimental results show that the predicted error of the proposed CCP evolution model is less than 8.5%. Results are expected to help develop better analytical tools for the combustion of solid propellants and solid rocket motors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2226-4310
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/aerospace10060515
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2756091-0
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