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  • MDPI AG  (4)
  • Ling, Jian  (4)
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  • MDPI AG  (4)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans Race 1 in Northern China Samples
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Fungi Vol. 8, No. 10 ( 2022-10-16), p. 1089-
    Details
    In: Journal of Fungi, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 10 ( 2022-10-16), p. 1089-
    Abstract: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans (FOC), the causal agent of cabbage fusarium wilt, is a serious threat to cabbage production in northern China, and most Chinese FOC isolates were identified as FOC race 1 (FOC1). To better understand the genetic diversity of FOC1 in northern China, we collected FOC isolates from five provinces in northern China and identified them as FOC1 through pathogenicity and race test. To evaluate the genome-level diversity of FOC1, we performed a genome assembly for a FOC1 isolate (FoYQ-1) collected from Yanqing, Beijing, where cabbage fusarium wilt was first reported in China. Using resequencing data of FOC1 isolates, we conducted a genome-wide SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) analysis to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of FOC1 isolates in northern China. Our study indicated that Chinese FOC1 can be grouped into four populations and revealed that the genetic diversity of FOC1 were closely associated with geographical locations. Our study further suggests that genetic differentiation occurred when FOC1 spread to the northwest provinces from Beijing Province in China. The FOC1 genetic diversity based on whole-genome SNPs could deepen our understanding of FOC1 variation and provide clues for the control of cabbage fusarium wilt in China.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2309-608X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jof8101089
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2784229-0
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Establishment of a CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Efficient Knockout System of Trichoderma hamatum T21 and Pigment Synthesis PKS Gene Knockout
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Fungi Vol. 9, No. 5 ( 2023-05-19), p. 595-
    Details
    In: Journal of Fungi, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 5 ( 2023-05-19), p. 595-
    Abstract: Trichoderma hamatum is a filamentous fungus that serves as a biological control agent for multiple phytopathogens and as an important resource promising for fungicides. However, the lack of adequate knockout technologies has hindered gene function and biocontrol mechanism research of this species. This study obtained a genome assembly of T. hamatum T21, with a 41.4 Mb genome sequence comprising 8170 genes. Based on genomic information, we established a CRISPR/Cas9 system with dual sgRNAs targets and dual screening markers. CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid and donor DNA recombinant plasmid were constructed for disruption of the Thpyr4 and Thpks1 genes. The result indicates the consistency between phenotypic characterization and molecular identification of the knockout strains. The knockout efficiencies of Thpyr4 and Thpks1 were 100% and 89.1%, respectively. Moreover, sequencing revealed fragment deletions between dual sgRNA target sites or GFP gene insertions presented in knockout strains. The situations were caused by different DNA repair mechanisms, nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), and homologous recombination (HR). Overall, we have successfully constructed an efficient and convenient CRISPR/Cas9 system in T. hamatum for the first time, which has important scientific significance and application value for studies on functional genomics of Trichoderma and other filamentous fungi.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2309-608X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jof9050595
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2784229-0
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Trichoderma spp. against Phytopathogenic Bacteria and Root-Knot Nematode
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Microorganisms Vol. 8, No. 3 ( 2020-03-13), p. 401-
    Details
    In: Microorganisms, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 3 ( 2020-03-13), p. 401-
    Abstract: Losses in crops caused by plant pathogenic bacteria and parasitic nematode are increasing because of a decrease in efficacy of traditional management measures. There is an urgent need to develop nonchemical and ecofriendly based management to control plant diseases. A potential approach of controlling plant disease in the crops is the use of biocontrol agents and their secondary metabolites (SMs). Luckily fungi and especially the genus Trichoderma comprise a great number of fungal strains that are the potential producer of bioactive secondary metabolites. In this study secondary metabolites from ten Trichoderma spp. were evaluated for their antibacterial and nematicidal potential against phytopathogenic bacteria Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas compestris and plant parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Five different growth media were evaluated for the production of SMs. It was shown that SMs of different Trichoderma spp. obtained on different growth media were different in the degree of their bioactivity. Comparison of five growth media showed that SMs produced on solid wheat and STP media gave higher antibacterial activity. SMs of T. pseudoharzianum (T113) obtained on solid wheat media were more effective against the studied bacteria followed by SMs from T. asperelloides (T136), T. pseudoharzianum (T129) and T. pseudoharzianum (T160). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was further conducted to observe the effect of SMs on bacterial cell morphology. As evident from the SEM, SMs produced severe morphological changes, such as rupturing of the bacterial cell walls, disintegration of cell membrane and cell content leaking out. SMs from T. viridae obtained on liquid STP and solid wheat media showed the highest percent of M. incognita juveniles (J2s) mortality and inhibition in egg hatching of M. incognita. The results of our study suggest that T. pseudoharzianum (T113) and T. viridae could be selected as an effective candidate for SMs source against phytopathogenic bacteria and M. incognita respectively.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2607
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030401
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720891-6
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Genome of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli Provides Insight into the Evolution of Genomes and Effectors of Fusarium oxysporum Species
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 2 ( 2023-01-04), p. 963-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 2 ( 2023-01-04), p. 963-
    Abstract: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, the causal agent of cowpea fusarium wilt, is a serious threat to cowpea production in China. In this study, a sample of cowpea fusarium wilt was identified as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli using the methods of morphological characters and molecular detection. We further reported the first genome assembly for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, with 53.7 Mb genome sequence comprising 14,694 genes. Comparative genomic analysis among five Fusarium oxysporum genomes showed that four accessory chromosomes in the five Fusarium oxysporum display similar characteristics, with low sequence similarity (55.35%, vs. overall average of 81.76%), low gene density (2.18 genes/10 kb vs. 3.02 genes/Mb) and highly transposable element density (TEs) (15.01/100 kb vs. 4.89/100 kb), indicating that variable accessory chromosomes are the main source of Fusarium oxysporum evolution. We identified a total of 100 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli-specific effectors in the genome and found 13 specific effector genes located in large insertion or deletion regions, suggesting that insertion or deletion events can cause the emergence of species-specific effectors in Fusarium oxysporum. Our genome assembly of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli provides a valuable resource for the study of cowpea fusarium wilt, and the comparative genomic study of Fusarium oxysporum could contribute to the knowledge of genome and effector-associated pathogenicity evolution in Fusarium oxysporum study.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020963
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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