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  • MDPI AG  (357)
  • 2020-2024  (357)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Value of Heart Rhythm Complexity in Identifying High-Risk Pulmonary Hypertension Patients
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Entropy Vol. 23, No. 6 ( 2021-06-15), p. 753-
    Details
    In: Entropy, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 6 ( 2021-06-15), p. 753-
    Abstract: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a fatal disease—even with state-of-the-art medical treatment. Non-invasive clinical tools for risk stratification are still lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical utility of heart rhythm complexity in risk stratification for PH patients. We prospectively enrolled 54 PH patients, including 20 high-risk patients (group A; defined as WHO functional class IV or class III with severely compromised hemodynamics), and 34 low-risk patients (group B). Both linear and non-linear heart rate variability (HRV) variables, including detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) and multiscale entropy (MSE), were analyzed. In linear and non-linear HRV analysis, low frequency and high frequency ratio, DFAα1, MSE slope 5, scale 5, and area 6–20 were significantly lower in group A. Among all HRV variables, MSE scale 5 (AUC: 0.758) had the best predictive power to discriminate the two groups. In multivariable analysis, MSE scale 5 (p = 0.010) was the only significantly predictor of severe PH in all HRV variables. In conclusion, the patients with severe PH had worse heart rhythm complexity. MSE parameters, especially scale 5, can help to identify high-risk PH patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1099-4300
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/e23060753
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2014734-X
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  • 2
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    Efficacy of Myopia Control and Distribution of Corneal Epithelial Thickness in Children Treated with Orthokeratology Assessed Using Optical Coherence Tomography
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Personalized Medicine Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2022-02-14), p. 278-
    Details
    In: Journal of Personalized Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2022-02-14), p. 278-
    Abstract: The association between myopia control efficacy in children treated with orthokeratology and corneal epithelial thickness is still unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the corneal epithelial thickness and its association with axial length changes in children treated with orthokeratology. This retrospective cohort study enrolled children aged from 9 to 15 years who had received orthokeratology for myopia control and had been followed up for at least 1 year. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography was performed to generate wide epithelial thickness maps of the patients. Annual axial length changes were calculated from the axial length at 6 months after the initiation of orthokeratology lens wear and at final measurements. Corneal epithelial thickness data were obtained from 24 sectors and a central 2 mm zone of the wide epithelial thickness map. Associations between annual axial length changes and corneal epithelial thickness for each sector/zone of the wide epithelial thickness map, and orthokeratology treatment data were determined by generalized estimating equations. Finally, a total of 83 eyes of 43 patients (mean age 11.2 years) were included in the analysis. The mean annual axial length change was 0.169 mm; when regressing demographic and ortho-k parameters to mean annual axial length changes, age and target power were both negatively associated with them (β = −14.43, p = 0.008; β = −0.26, p = 0.008, respectively). After adjusting for age and target power, the annual axial length changes were positively associated with the corneal epithelium thickness of IT1, I1, SN2, and S2 sectors of the wide epithelial thickness map, and negatively with that of the I3 sector. In conclusion, we identified associations between annual axial length changes and the corneal epithelium thickness of certain sectors in children treated with orthokeratology. This may facilitate the design of orthokeratology lenses with enhanced efficacy for myopia control.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020278
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662248-8
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  • 3
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    Nitrogen Functionalities of Amino-Functionalized Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots for Highly Efficient Enhancement of Antimicrobial Therapy to Eliminate Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Utilization as a Contrast Agent
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 18 ( 2021-09-07), p. 9695-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 18 ( 2021-09-07), p. 9695-
    Abstract: There is an urgent need for materials that can efficiently generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and be used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) as two-photon imaging contrast probes. In this study, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were subjected to amino group functionalization and nitrogen doping (amino-N-GQDs) via annealing and hydrothermal ammonia autoclave treatments. The synthesized dots could serve as a photosensitizer in PDT and generate more ROS than conventional GQDs under 60-s low-energy (fixed output power: 0.07 W·cm−2) excitation exerted by a 670-nm continuous-wave laser. The generated ROS were used to completely eliminate a multidrug-resistant strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a Gram-positive bacterium. Compared with conventional GQDs, the amino-N-GQDs had superior optical properties, including stronger absorption, higher quantum yield (0.34), stronger luminescence, and high stability under exposure. The high photostability and intrinsic luminescence of amino-N-GQDs contribute to their suitability as contrast probes for use in biomedical imaging, in addition to their bacteria tracking and localization abilities. Herein, the dual-modality amino-N-GQDs in PDT easily eliminated multidrug-resistant bacteria, ultimately revealing their potential for use in future clinical applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189695
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Roles of Hostility and Depression in the Association between the MAOA Gene Polymorphism and Internet Gaming Disorder
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 13 ( 2021-06-27), p. 6910-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 13 ( 2021-06-27), p. 6910-
    Abstract: The metabolism of bioamine in the central nervous system contributes to the development of addiction. We examined the roles of hostility and depression in the association between internet gaming disorder (IGD) and monoamine oxidase-A (MAOA) EcoRV polymorphism (rs1137070). A total of 69 adults with IGD and 138 without IGD were recruited through diagnostic interviewing. We evaluated participants for rs1137070, depression, and hostility. The participants with the TT genotype of rs1137070 had a higher odds ratio of 2.52 (1.37–4.64) for IGD compared with the C carriers. Expressive hostility behavior and hostility cognition mediated the association between rs1137070 and IGD. Indicating lower MAOA activity, the TT genotype predicted IGD and higher expressive hostility behavior and hostility cognition. Expressive hostility behavior and hostility cognition may underline the association between rs1137070 and IGD. Assessment of and intervention for hostility behavior and cognition should be provided to attenuate the risk of IGD, particularly in those with the TT genotype. Further brain imaging or neurobiological studies are required to elucidate the possible mechanism underlying the association between MAOA activity and IGD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136910
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Anti-Proliferative and Anti-Migratory Activities of Hispidulin on Human Melanoma A2058 Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Biomolecules Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2021-07-16), p. 1039-
    Details
    In: Biomolecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2021-07-16), p. 1039-
    Abstract: Melanoma represents less than 5% of skin cancers, but is the most lethal, mainly because of its high-metastatic potential and resistance to various therapies. Therefore, it is important to develop effective treatments, especially chemotherapeutic drugs with cytotoxicity, anti-metastaticity, and few side effects. One such natural product is hispidulin, a flavone distributed in plants of the Asteraceae. Previous studies have demonstrated that hispidulin has various pharmacological benefits, such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammation, and anti-allergic effects. This study aims to explore the effects of hispidulin against melanoma in vitro and in vivo. Results revealed that hispidulin selectively decreased the cell viability of A2058 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Hispidulin induced cells accumulated in the sub-G1 phase via activating caspase 8 and 9, increased cleaved caspase 3, and cleaved PARP expression. Hispidulin was able to decrease AKT and ERK phosphorylation, which facilitated cell growth and survival. Moreover, hispidulin promoted reactive oxygen species generation in cells and suppressed cell migration through downregulated matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression. Hispidulin significantly inhibited tumor growth in a xenograft model. Based on these results, hispidulin produces its anti-melanoma effects by inducing cancer cell apoptosis and reducing its migration. Therefore, we suggest hispidulin as a potent therapeutic candidate for melanoma treatment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2218-273X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biom11071039
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2701262-1
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  • 6
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    Correction of Myopic Astigmatism with Topography-Guided Laser In Situ Keratomileusis (TOPOLINK)
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Healthcare Vol. 8, No. 4 ( 2020-11-11), p. 477-
    Details
    In: Healthcare, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 4 ( 2020-11-11), p. 477-
    Abstract: We aim to assess the feasibility of topography-guided laser in situ keratomileusis (TOPOLINK) for correcting pre-existing and surgical-induced astigmatism. A retrospective, single center cohort study was conducted. Patients with pre-existing irregular myopic astigmatism were recruited into the primary group and those with irregular myopic astigmatism following laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) were recruited into the enhancement group. The changes in uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), maximum astigmatism, spherical equivalent (SE) and patient satisfaction were recorded. The Chi-square test, Mann–Whitney U test and Generalized Linear Mixed Model were utilized for the analysis in the current study. A total of 18 eyes were studied in the primary group and 14 eyes were examined in the enhancement group. One year postoperatively, the UCVA, BCVA, maximum astigmatism and SE improved significantly in both the primary and the enhancement groups (all p 〈 0.05). The UCVA (p = 0.046) and SE (p = 0.003) were worse in the primary group preoperatively but became similar in both groups postoperatively, while the BCVA and maximum astigmatism remained identical between groups throughout the study period (all p 〈 0.05). In addition, the rate of high and moderate satisfaction reached 90.0% in the primary and the enhancement groups, without significant differences (p = 0.871). In conclusion, the TOPOLINK showed high predictability and will contribute to similar outcomes between primary and postoperative irregular myopic astigmatism concerning visual acuity, refractive status and subject satisfaction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9032
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8040477
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2721009-1
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  • 7
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    The Development of Dry Eye Disease after Surgery-Indicated Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Population-Based Cohort Study
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 17, No. 11 ( 2020-05-28), p. 3829-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 11 ( 2020-05-28), p. 3829-
    Abstract: We aim to evaluate the risk of dry eye disease (DED) occurrence in patients with surgery-indicated chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) via the national health insurance research database in Taiwan. After exclusion, patients with a diagnostic code of CRS and had received functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) were regarded as having surgery-indicated CRS and enrolled in the study group, then each patient in the study group was age- and gender-matched to four non-CRS patients that served as the control group. The outcome was considered as the development of DED and Cox proportional hazard regression was used for the statistical analysis, which involved multiple potential risk factors of DED. A total of 6076 patients with surgery-indicated CRS that received FESS and another 24,304 non-CRS individuals were enrolled after exclusion. There were 317 and 770 DED events in the study group and the control group during the 16-year follow-up interval, and the study group demonstrated a significantly higher adjusted hazard ratio (1490, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.303-1.702) of DED development compared to the control group in the multivariable analysis. In addition, the cumulative probability analysis illustrated a positive correlation of DED occurrence and the disease period of surgery-indicated CRS (p 〈 0.0001). In the subgroup analysis, both genders revealed a higher but not significant incidence of developing DED in the study group. In conclusion, the existence of surgery-indicated CRS will increase the risk of developing DED, which correlated to the disease interval.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113829
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 8
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    Predisposing Factors for Severe Complications after Cataract Surgery: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 10, No. 15 ( 2021-07-28), p. 3336-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 15 ( 2021-07-28), p. 3336-
    Abstract: We conducted a retrospective group study to evaluate the potential systemic risk factors for major postoperative complications of cataract surgery. Individuals diagnosed with (n = 2046) and without (n = 8184) serious complications after cataract surgery were matched 1:4 for age, sex, and index date obtained using Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. The outcome was defined as at least one new inpatient or outpatient diagnosis of systemic disease one year before the index date. The effect of demographic data on postoperative complications was also analyzed in the multivariable model. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression models to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals of the risk of developing serious complications. After the entire study interval, the major postoperative complications of cataract surgery were associated with the following systemic diseases: hypertension (adjusted OR (aOR) = 2.329, p 〈 0.001), diabetes mellitus (aOR = 2.818, p 〈 0.001), hyperlipidemia (aOR = 1.702, p 〈 0.001), congestive heart failure (aOR = 2.891, p 〈 0.001), rheumatic disease (aOR = 1.965, p 〈 0.001), and kidney disease needing hemodialysis (aOR = 2.942, p 〈 0.001). Additionally, demographic data including old age, higher urbanization level, higher level of care, and more frequent inpatient department visits were associated with a higher rate of postoperative complications. In conclusion, metabolic syndrome, chronic heart failure, end-stage renal disease, rheumatic disease, older age, and frequent inpatient department visits are correlated with the development of severe postoperative complications of cataract surgery. Therefore, cataract surgery patients should be informed about a higher possibility of postoperative complications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153336
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 9
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    Heart-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity Is Superior to Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity in Detecting Aldosterone-Induced Arterial Stiffness
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Biomedicines Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2021-09-22), p. 1285-
    Details
    In: Biomedicines, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2021-09-22), p. 1285-
    Abstract: Primary aldosteronism (PA) is associated with higher arterial stiffness compared to essential hypertension (EH). However, few studies have compared different pulse wave velocity (PWV) parameters to detect aldosterone-induced arterial stiffness. In this study, we aimed to compare the sensitivity in detecting aldosterone-induced arterial stiffness between brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV) and heart-ankle PWV (haPWV). We prospectively enrolled 1006 PA patients and 983 EH patients. Detailed medical history, basic biochemistry data and two PWV measurements (baPWV and haPWV) were collected in both groups. We performed analysis on the original cohort and two propensity score matching (PSM) models (model 1 adjusted for age and sex; model 2 adjusted for age, sex, systolic and diastolic blood pressure). The DeLong test was used to compare areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) between baPWV and haPWV to predict PA. In all models, the PA patients had significantly higher baPWV compared to the EH patients. The AUC of haPWV was greater than that of baPWV. In conclusion, haPWV seems to be a better PWV parameter than baPWV in detecting aldosterone-induced arterial stiffness.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9059
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101285
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720867-9
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  • 10
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    Circulating p16-Positive and p16-Negative Tumor Cells Serve as Independent Prognostic Indicators of Survival in Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Personalized Medicine Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2021-11-07), p. 1156-
    Details
    In: Journal of Personalized Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2021-11-07), p. 1156-
    Abstract: Background: Decisions regarding the staging, prognosis, and treatment of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are made after determining their p16 expression levels and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection status. Methods: We investigated the prognostic roles of p16-positive and p16-negative circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and their cell counts in HNSCC patients. We enrolled patients with locally advanced HNSCCs who received definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy for final analysis. We performed CTC testing and p16 expression analysis before chemoradiotherapy. We analyzed the correlation between p16-positive and p16-negative CTCs and HPV genotyping, tissue p16 expression status, response to chemoradiotherapy, disease-free survival, and overall survival. Results: Forty-one patients who fulfilled the study criteria were prospectively enrolled for final analysis. The detection rates of p16-positive ( 〉 0 cells/mL blood) and p16-negative (≥3 cells/mL blood) CTCs were 51.2% (n = 21/41) and 70.7%, respectively. The best responses of chemoradiotherapy and the p16 positivity of CTCs are independent prognostic factors of disease progression, with hazard ratios of 1.738 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.031–2.927), 5.497 (95% CI: 1.818–16.615), and 0.176 (95% CI: 0.056–0.554), respectively. The p16 positivity of CTCs was a prognostic factor for cancer death, with a hazard ratio of 0.294 (95% CI: 0.102–0.852). Conclusions: The p16-positive and p16-negative CTCs could predict outcomes in HNSCC patients receiving definitive chemoradiotherapy. This non-invasive CTC test could help stratify the risk and prognosis before chemoradiotherapy in clinical practice and enable us to perform de-intensifying therapies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111156
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662248-8
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