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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Electrophysiological Measures of Time Processing in Infant and Adult Brains: Weber's Law Holds
    MIT Press ; 2008
    In:  Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Vol. 20, No. 2 ( 2008-02-01), p. 193-203
    Details
    In: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, MIT Press, Vol. 20, No. 2 ( 2008-02-01), p. 193-203
    Abstract: Behavioral studies have demonstrated that time perception in adults, children, and nonhuman animals is subject to Weber's Law. More specifically, as with discriminations of other features, it has been found that it is the ratio between two durations rather than their absolute difference that controls the ability of an animal to discriminate them. Here, we show that scalp-recorded event-related electrical brain potentials (ERPs) in both adults and 10-month-old human infants, in response to changes in interstimulus interval (ISI), appear to obey the scalar property found in time perception in adults, children, and nonhuman animals. Using a timing-interval oddball paradigm, we tested adults and infants in conditions where the ratio between the standard and deviant interval in a train of homogeneous auditory stimuli varied such that there was a 1:4 (only for the infants), 1:3, 1:2, and 2:3 ratio between the standard and deviant intervals. We found that the amplitude of the deviant-triggered mismatch negativity ERP component (deviant-ISI ERP minus standard-ISI ERP) varied as a function of the ratio of the standard to deviant interval. Moreover, when absolute values were varied and ratio was held constant, the mismatch negativity did not vary.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0898-929X , 1530-8898
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1162/jocn.2008.20016
    Language: English
    Publisher: MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2008
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    SSG: 7,11
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Induced Alpha-band Oscillations Reflect Ratio-dependent Number Discrimination in the Infant Brain
    MIT Press ; 2009
    In:  Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Vol. 21, No. 12 ( 2009-12-01), p. 2398-2406
    Details
    In: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, MIT Press, Vol. 21, No. 12 ( 2009-12-01), p. 2398-2406
    Abstract: Behavioral studies show that infants are capable of discriminating the number of objects or events in their environment, while also suggesting that number discrimination in infancy may be ratio-dependent. However, due to limitations of the dependent measures used with infant behavioral studies, the evidence for ratio dependence falls short of the vast psychophysical datasets that have established ratio dependence, and thus, adherence to Weber's Law in adults and nonhuman animals. We addressed this issue in two experiments that presented 7-month-old infants with familiar and novel numerosities while electroencephalogram measures of their brain activity were recorded. These data provide convergent evidence that the brains of 7-month-old infants detected numerical novelty. Alpha-band and theta-band oscillations both differed for novel and familiar numerical values. Most importantly, spectral power in the alpha band over midline and right posterior scalp sites was modulated by the ratio between the familiar and novel numerosities. Our findings provide neural evidence that numerical discrimination in infancy is ratio dependent and follows Weber's Law, thus indicating continuity of these cognitive processes over development. Results are also consistent with the idea that networks in the frontal and parietal cortices support ratio-dependent number discrimination in the first year of human life, consistent with what has been reported in neuroimaging studies in adults and older children.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0898-929X , 1530-8898
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1162/jocn.2008.21162
    Language: English
    Publisher: MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2009
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Neural Development of an Abstract Concept of Number
    MIT Press ; 2009
    In:  Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Vol. 21, No. 11 ( 2009-11-01), p. 2217-2229
    Details
    In: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, MIT Press, Vol. 21, No. 11 ( 2009-11-01), p. 2217-2229
    Abstract: As literate adults, we appreciate numerical values as abstract entities that can be represented by a numeral, a word, a number of lines on a scorecard, or a sequence of chimes from a clock. This abstract, notation-independent appreciation of numbers develops gradually over the first several years of life. Here, using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examine the brain mechanisms that 6- and 7-year-old children and adults recruit to solve numerical comparisons across different notation systems. The data reveal that when young children compare numerical values in symbolic and nonsymbolic notations, they invoke the same network of brain regions as adults including occipito-temporal and parietal cortex. However, children also recruit inferior frontal cortex during these numerical tasks to a much greater degree than adults. Our data lend additional support to an emerging consensus from adult neuroimaging, nonhuman primate neurophysiology, and computational modeling studies that a core neural system integrates notation-independent numerical representations throughout development but, early in development, higher-order brain mechanisms mediate this process.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0898-929X , 1530-8898
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1162/jocn.2008.21159
    Language: English
    Publisher: MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2009
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Number trumps area for 7-month-old infants.
    American Psychological Association (APA) ; 2014
    In:  Developmental Psychology Vol. 50, No. 1 ( 2014), p. 108-112
    Details
    In: Developmental Psychology, American Psychological Association (APA), Vol. 50, No. 1 ( 2014), p. 108-112
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1939-0599 , 0012-1649
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1037/a0032986
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066223-3
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comment on "Log or Linear? Distinct Intuitions of the Number Scale in Western and Amazonian Indigene Cultures"
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2009
    In:  Science Vol. 323, No. 5910 ( 2009-01-02), p. 38-38
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 323, No. 5910 ( 2009-01-02), p. 38-38
    Abstract: Dehaene et al . (Reports, 30 May 2008, p. 1217) argued that native speakers of Mundurucu, a language without a linguistic numerical system, inherently represent numerical values as a logarithmically spaced spatial continuum. However, their data do not rule out the alternative conclusion that Mundurucu speakers encode numbers linearly with scalar variability and psychologically construct space-number mappings by analogy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.1164773
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2009
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Numerical abstraction: It ain't broke
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2009
    In:  Behavioral and Brain Sciences Vol. 32, No. 3-4 ( 2009-08), p. 331-332
    Details
    In: Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 32, No. 3-4 ( 2009-08), p. 331-332
    Abstract: The dual-code proposal of number representation put forward by Cohen Kadosh & Walsh (CK & W) accounts for only a fraction of the many modes of numerical abstraction. Contrary to their proposal, robust data from human infants and nonhuman animals indicate that abstract numerical representations are psychologically primitive. Additionally, much of the behavioral and neural data cited to support CK & W's proposal is, in fact, neutral on the issue of numerical abstraction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0140-525X , 1469-1825
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X09990513
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481789-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 423721-3
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Inter-parietal white matter development predicts numerical performance in young children
    Elsevier BV ; 2011
    In:  Learning and Individual Differences Vol. 21, No. 6 ( 2011-12), p. 672-680
    Details
    In: Learning and Individual Differences, Elsevier BV, Vol. 21, No. 6 ( 2011-12), p. 672-680
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1041-6080
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2011.09.003
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2002113-6
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Number sense in infancy predicts mathematical abilities in childhood
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2013
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 110, No. 45 ( 2013-11-05), p. 18116-18120
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 110, No. 45 ( 2013-11-05), p. 18116-18120
    Abstract: Human infants in the first year of life possess an intuitive sense of number. This preverbal number sense may serve as a developmental building block for the uniquely human capacity for mathematics. In support of this idea, several studies have demonstrated that nonverbal number sense is correlated with mathematical abilities in children and adults. However, there has been no direct evidence that infant numerical abilities are related to mathematical abilities later in childhood. Here, we provide evidence that preverbal number sense in infancy predicts mathematical abilities in preschool-aged children. Numerical preference scores at 6 months of age correlated with both standardized math test scores and nonsymbolic number comparison scores at 3.5 years of age, suggesting that preverbal number sense facilitates the acquisition of numerical symbols and mathematical abilities. This relationship held even after controlling for general intelligence, indicating that preverbal number sense imparts a unique contribution to mathematical ability. These results validate the many prior studies purporting to show number sense in infancy and support the hypothesis that mathematics is built upon an intuitive sense of number that predates language.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1302751110
    RVK:
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    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2013
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Infants Show Ratio‐dependent Number Discrimination Regardless of Set Size
    Wiley ; 2013
    In:  Infancy Vol. 18, No. 6 ( 2013-11), p. 927-941
    Details
    In: Infancy, Wiley, Vol. 18, No. 6 ( 2013-11), p. 927-941
    Abstract: Evidence for approximate number system ( ANS ) representations in infancy is robust but has typically only been found when infants are presented with arrays of four or more elements. In addition, several studies have found that infants fail to discriminate between small numbers when continuous variables such as surface area and contour length are controlled. These findings suggest that under some circumstances, infants fail to recruit either the ANS or object file representations for small sets. Here, we used a numerical change detection paradigm to assess 6‐month‐old infants' ability to represent small values. In E xperiment 1, infants were tested with 1 versus 3, 1 versus 2, and 2 versus 3 dots. Infants successfully discriminated 1 versus 3 and 1 versus 2, but failed with 2 versus 3. In E xperiment 2, we tested whether infants could compare small and large values with a 2 versus 4 condition. Across both experiments, infants' performance exhibited ratio dependence, the hallmark of the ANS . Our results indicate that infants can attend to the purely numerical attributes of small sets and that the numerical change detection paradigm accesses ANS representations in infancy regardless of set size.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1525-0008 , 1532-7078
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/infa.2013.18.issue-6
    DOI: 10.1111/infa.12008
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020049-3
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  • 10
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    Parallels in Stimulus-Driven Oscillatory Brain Responses to Numerosity Changes in Adults and Seven-Month-Old Infants
    Informa UK Limited ; 2011
    In:  Developmental Neuropsychology Vol. 36, No. 6 ( 2011-08), p. 651-667
    Details
    In: Developmental Neuropsychology, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 36, No. 6 ( 2011-08), p. 651-667
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8756-5641 , 1532-6942
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2010.549883
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021606-3
    SSG: 5,2
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