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  • MDPI AG  (6)
  • Li, Yujie  (6)
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  • MDPI AG  (6)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Structure Inheritance in Nanoparticle Ink Direct-Writing Processes and Crack-Free Nano-Copper Interconnects Printed by a Single-Run Approach
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Materials Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2019-05-13), p. 1559-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2019-05-13), p. 1559-
    Abstract: When nanoparticle conductive ink is used for printing interconnects, cracks and pores are common defects that deteriorate the electrical conductivity of the printed circuits. Influences of the ink solvent, the solid fraction of the ink, the pre-printing treatment and the sintering parameters on the interconnect morphology and conductivity were investigated. It was found that the impacts of all these factors coupled with each other throughout the whole procedure, from the pre-printing to the post-printing processes, and led to a structure inheritance effect. An optimum process route was developed for producing crack-free interconnects by a single-run direct-writing approach using home-made nano-copper ink. A weak gel was promoted in the ink before printing in the presence of long-chain polymers and bridging molecules by mechanical agitation. The fully developed gel network prevented the phase separation during ink extrusion and crack formations during drying. With the reducing agents in the ink and slow evaporation of the ink solvent, compact packing and neck joining of copper nanoparticles were obtained after a two-step sintering process. The crack-free interconnects successfully produced have a surface roughness smaller than 1.5 μm and the square resistances as low as 0.01 Ω/□.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma12091559
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    BiVO4 Ceramic Photoanode with Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Stability
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2021-09-15), p. 2404-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2021-09-15), p. 2404-
    Abstract: Monoclinic bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) is an attractive material with which to fabricate photoanodes due to its suitable band structure and excellent photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance. However, the poor PEC stability originating from its severe photo-corrosion greatly restricts its practical applications. In this paper, pristine and Mo doped BiVO4 ceramics were prepared using the spark plasma sintering (SPS) method, and their photoelectrochemical properties as photoanodes were investigated. The as-prepared 1% Mo doped BiVO4 ceramic (Mo-BVO (C)) photoanode exhibited enhanced PEC stability compared to 1% Mo doped BiVO4 films on fluorine doped Tin Oxide (FTO) coated glass substrates (Mo-BVO). Mo-BVO (C) exhibited a photocurrent density of 0.54 mA/cm2 and remained stable for 10 h at 1.23 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), while the photocurrent density of the Mo-BVO decreased from 0.66 mA/cm2 to 0.11 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE in 4 h. The experimental results indicated that the enhanced PEC stability of the Mo-BVO (C) could be attributed to its higher crystallinity, which could effectively inhibit the dissociation of vanadium in BiVO4 during the PEC process. This work may illustrate a novel ceramic design for the improvement of the stability of BiVO4 photoanodes, and might provide a general strategy for the improvement of the PEC stability of metal oxide photoanodes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano11092404
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Ce-Modified TiN Inclusions on the Fatigue Properties of Gear Steel 20CrMnTi
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Crystals Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2023-07-07), p. 1071-
    Details
    In: Crystals, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2023-07-07), p. 1071-
    Abstract: In this paper, the results of a study on the influences of different morphologies, types, and sizes of inclusions on the fatigue lives of 20CrMnTi are reported. The results show that the addition of the rare earth element Ce can lead to the formation of spherical CeAlO3-TiN inclusions in 20CrMnTi. The fatigue performance of 20CrMnTi-Ce was significantly improved compared to that of 20CrMnTi. Using the “edge-to-edge matching” crystallographic theory, CeAlO3 was validated as a suitable hetero-nucleus core for TiN, and the following best orientation relationships between them were determined: [010]TiN//[21¯1¯1] CeAlO3 & (002) TiN//(112¯1)CeAlO3. The fatigue cycle times of 20CrMnTi-Ce range up to 107, and this value is higher than that of 20CrMnTi without Ce. As the size of the TiN inclusions increases, the maximum stress of the steel matrix also increases. Also, the high-stress and low-life regions noticeably increase, thus increasing the possibility of a fatigue fracture. Under the same sizes of inclusions, the high-stress and low-life regions of square TiN are larger than those of circular TiN.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4352
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cryst13071071
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661516-2
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Improved Theoretical Solutions for Estimating the Tunnel Response Induced by Overlying Excavation
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 15, No. 3 ( 2023-02-01), p. 2589-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 3 ( 2023-02-01), p. 2589-
    Abstract: As a result of China’s urbanization, it has been a common phenomenon that adjacent deep excavations were constructed near underground structures, which can have a series of detrimental effects on existing tunnels. Thus, it is crucial to assess the tunnel response induced by the overlying excavation, with the aim of maintaining the safety and serviceability of operating tunnels. The shield tunnel is idealized as an infinite beam lying upon a three parameter Kerr-model and the vertical force equilibrium equation of the tunnel element is established. Then, a theoretical solution is derived for capturing the soil–tunnel interaction. To prove the accuracy of the proposed method, the calculation results are compared with field measurements, along with the data of finite element studies. Thereafter, a parametric analysis will be conducted to assess some characteristic factors for tunnel responses caused by overlying excavations, such as tunnel-excavation horizontal distance, tunnel bending stiffness, and the buried depth of the tunnel. The results indicate that the increase in the bending stiffness and the buried depth of tunnel, as well as the tunnel-excavation horizontal distance, will significantly alleviate the tunnel deformation. However, the inner force will be increased when increasing the tunnel bending stiffness.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su15032589
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Environmental Behaviors of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Insecticidal Proteins and Their Effects on Microbial Ecology
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Plants Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2022-04-29), p. 1212-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2022-04-29), p. 1212-
    Abstract: Bt proteins are crystal proteins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) in the early stage of spore formation that exhibit highly specific insecticidal activities. The application of Bt proteins primarily includes Bt transgenic plants and Bt biopesticides. Transgenic crops with insect resistance (via Bt)/herbicide tolerance comprise the largest global area of agricultural planting. After artificial modification, Bt insecticidal proteins expressed from Bt can be released into soils through root exudates, pollen, and plant residues. In addition, the construction of Bt recombinant engineered strains through genetic engineering has become a major focus of Bt biopesticides, and the expressed Bt proteins will also remain in soil environments. Bt proteins expressed and released by Bt transgenic plants and Bt recombinant strains are structurally and functionally quite different from Bt prototoxins naturally expressed by B. thuringiensis in soils. The former can thus be regarded as an environmentally exogenous substance with insecticidal toxicity that may have potential ecological risks. Consequently, biosafety evaluations must be conducted before field tests and production of Bt plants or recombinant strains. This review summarizes the adsorption, retention, and degradation behavior of Bt insecticidal proteins in soils, in addition to their impacts on soil physical and chemical properties along with soil microbial diversity. The review provides a scientific framework for evaluating the environmental biosafety of Bt transgenic plants, Bt transgenic microorganisms, and their expression products. In addition, prospective research targets, research methods, and evaluation methods are highlighted based on current research of Bt proteins.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants11091212
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Multiple Perspectives Reveal the Role of DNA Damage Repair Genes in the Molecular Classification and Prognosis of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 18 ( 2022-09-06), p. 10231-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 18 ( 2022-09-06), p. 10231-
    Abstract: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is a highly heterogeneous and immunosuppressive cancer. This study investigated the diversity of DNA damage repair (DDR) and immune microenvironment in PAAD by transcriptomic and genomic analysis. Patients with PAAD were divided into two DDR-based subtypes with distinct prognosis and molecular characteristics. The differential expression genes were mostly enriched in DDR and immune-related pathways. In order to distinguish high- and low-risk groups clinically, a DDR- and immune-based 5-gene prognostic signature (termed DPRS) was established. Patients in the high-risk group had inferior prognosis, a low level of immune checkpoint gene expression and low sensitivity to DDR-associated inhibitors. Furthermore, single-cell sequencing was used to observe the performance of the DDR-based signature in a high dimension, and immunohistochemistry was used to verify the relationship between the genes we identified and the prognosis of patients with PAAD. In conclusion, the DDR heterogeneity of PAAD was demonstrated, and a novel DDR- and immune-based risk-scoring model was constructed, which indicated the feasibility of DPRS in predicting prognosis and drug response in PAAD patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810231
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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