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  • AIP Publishing  (33)
  • Li, Xiang  (33)
  • 2020-2024  (33)
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  • AIP Publishing  (33)
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  • 2020-2024  (33)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effective work function of TiN films: Profound surface effect and controllable aging process
    AIP Publishing ; 2022
    In:  AIP Advances Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-12-01)
    Details
    In: AIP Advances, AIP Publishing, Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-12-01)
    Abstract: Titanium nitride (TiN), with its tunable work function, serves as an electrode metal in the scaling fin-type field-effect transistor and plays the key role for low threshold operation. Measuring the effective work function of thin TiN films is desirable for rapid evaluation before device fabrication. In this work, Kelvin probe force microscopy is applied to study the impact of various factors on the surface potential of TiN films with an uncertainty below 30 mV. By scraping and gauging the potential evolvement of TiN in different circumstances, it is revealed that the surface effect is the major obstacle to determine the work function of the as-deposited TiN. For thick films, the potential drops over 530 mV for a fresh TiN surface relative to that of an aged one. For TiN films thinner than 5 nm, the potential changes by 290 mV due to surface oxidation. This enables a quantitative assessment on the effective work function as well as the surface charge density of TiN films.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2158-3226
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/5.0131050
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2583909-3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Numerical investigation of magnetic multiphase flows by the fractional-step-based multiphase lattice Boltzmann method
    AIP Publishing ; 2020
    In:  Physics of Fluids Vol. 32, No. 8 ( 2020-08-01)
    Details
    In: Physics of Fluids, AIP Publishing, Vol. 32, No. 8 ( 2020-08-01)
    Abstract: In the present study, a fractional-step-based multiphase lattice Boltzmann (LB) method coupled with a solution of a magnetic field evolution is developed to predict the interface behavior in magnetic multiphase flows. The incompressible Navier–Stokes equations are utilized for the flow field, while the Cahn–Hilliard equation is adopted to track the interface, and these governing equations are solved by reconstructing solutions within the LB framework with the prediction–correction step based on a fractional-step method. The proposed numerical model inherits the excellent performance of kinetic theory from the LB method and integrates the good numerical stability from the fractional-step method. Meanwhile, the macroscopic variables can be simply and directly calculated by the equilibrium distribution functions, which saves the virtual memories and simplifies the computational process. The proposed numerical model is validated by simulating two problems, i.e., a bubble rising with a density ratio of 1000 and a viscosity ratio of 100 and a stationary circular cylinder under an external uniform magnetic field. The interfacial deformations of a ferrofluid droplet in organic oil and an aqueous droplet in ferrofluid under the external magnetic field are, then, simulated, and the underlying mechanisms are discussed. Moreover, the rising process of a gas bubble in the ferrofluid is investigated, which shows that the rising velocity is accelerated under the effect of the external magnetic field. All the numerical examples demonstrate the capability of the present numerical method to handle the problem with the interfacial deformation in magnetic multiphase flows.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1070-6631 , 1089-7666
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/5.0020903
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472743-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 241528-8
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tristability in mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening
    AIP Publishing ; 2021
    In:  Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science Vol. 31, No. 12 ( 2021-12-01)
    Details
    In: Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science, AIP Publishing, Vol. 31, No. 12 ( 2021-12-01)
    Abstract: Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP), a key regulator of cell life and death processes, is triggered by calcium ions (Ca2+) and potentiated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although the two modes of PTP opening, i.e., transient and persistent, have been identified for a long time, its dynamical mechanism is still not fully understood. To test a proposed hypothesis that PTP opening acts as a tristable switch, which is characterized by low, medium, and high open probability, we develop a three-variable model that focused on PTP opening caused by Ca2+ and ROS. For the system reduced to two differential equations for Ca2+ and ROS, both the stability analysis and the potential landscape feature that it exhibits tristability under standard parameters. For the full system, the bifurcation analysis suggests that it can achieve tristability over a wide range of input parameters. Furthermore, parameter sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the existence of tristability is a robust property. In addition, we show how the deterministic tristable property can be understood within a stochastic framework, which also explains the PTP dynamics at the level of a single channel. Overall, this study may yield valuable insights into the intricate regulatory mechanism of PTP opening.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1054-1500 , 1089-7682
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/5.0065400
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472677-4
    SSG: 11
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Design and verification of a high-gradient and high-power 2nd harmonic cavity for the China Spallation Neutron Source upgrade project
    AIP Publishing ; 2023
    In:  Review of Scientific Instruments Vol. 94, No. 4 ( 2023-04-01)
    Details
    In: Review of Scientific Instruments, AIP Publishing, Vol. 94, No. 4 ( 2023-04-01)
    Abstract: Here, we report our recent progress in the design, fluid thermodynamics simulation, and high-power test of the2nd harmonic cavity for the China Spallation Neutron Source Phase II. A high-performance and large-size magnetic alloy (MA) core was developed as the load material for the radiofrequency cavity to achieve a high gradient of 40 kV/m. The water-cooling structure and cooling efficiency were studied and improved through numerical analysis and thermal experiments. The long-term stability of the cavity, especially the waterproofness of the MA cores with high heat load, was verified by high power tests.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0034-6748 , 1089-7623
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/5.0141079
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209865-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472905-2
    SSG: 11
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Smaller antenna-gate gap for higher sensitivity of GaN/AlGaN HEMT terahertz detectors
    AIP Publishing ; 2020
    In:  Applied Physics Letters Vol. 116, No. 16 ( 2020-04-20)
    Details
    In: Applied Physics Letters, AIP Publishing, Vol. 116, No. 16 ( 2020-04-20)
    Abstract: We report an attempt to improve the sensitivity of terahertz detection based on self-mixing in antenna-coupled field-effect transistors by enhancing the field-effect factor and the antenna factor with a reduced gate length and a reduced antenna-gate gap, respectively. An optical noise equivalent power (NEP) of 3.7 pW/Hz at 0.65 THz was achieved in a GaN/AlGaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) with a gate length of 300 nm and an antenna-gate gap of 200 nm at room temperature. It was found that the antenna factor was inversely proportional to the antenna-gate gap, and the responses upon coherent/incoherent terahertz irradiation were well described by the self-mixing model. To fill the NEP gap of 0.1−1 pW/Hz between room-temperature and cryogenic detectors by HEMT-based detectors at room temperature, impedance match needs to be carefully considered.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-6951 , 1077-3118
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/1.5142436
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 211245-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1469436-0
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    High-performance complementary resistive switching in ferroelectric film
    AIP Publishing ; 2021
    In:  AIP Advances Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2021-06-01)
    Details
    In: AIP Advances, AIP Publishing, Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2021-06-01)
    Abstract: The complementary resistive switch (CRS) offers a promising logic-in-memory functionality and is a potential solution to the “von Neumann bottleneck” problem, but the CRS structure composed of two anti-serially connected bipolar resistive switching cells limits device application. In this work, we report a high-performance CRS in a single layer of ferroelectric LiTaO3 film. The device has continuous tunable steady-states, stable operating voltages, a maximum off/on ratio more than 102, good retention longer than 105 s, and a good endurance of over 107 cycles. Besides, the energy consumption of the CRS is tunable by defect engineering. Experiments suggest that the ferroelectric domain switching with charged domain walls possibly contributes to the stability of the CRS in LiTaO3 film.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2158-3226
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/5.0043536
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2583909-3
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of self-assembly on fluorescence in magnetic multiphase flows and its application on the novel detection for COVID-19
    AIP Publishing ; 2021
    In:  Physics of Fluids Vol. 33, No. 4 ( 2021-04-01)
    Details
    In: Physics of Fluids, AIP Publishing, Vol. 33, No. 4 ( 2021-04-01)
    Abstract: In the present study, the magnetic field induced self-assembly processes of magnetic microparticles in an aqueous liquid (the pure magnetic fluid) and nonmagnetic microparticles in ferrofluid (the inverse magnetic fluid) are experimentally investigated. The microparticles are formed into chain-like microstructures in both the pure magnetic fluid and the inverse magnetic fluid by applying the external magnetic field. The fluorescence parameters of these self-assembled chain-like microstructures are measured and compared to those without the effect of magnetic field. It is found that the fluorescence in the pure magnetic fluid is weakened, because the scattering and illuminating areas are reduced in the microstructures. On the contrary, the fluorescence in the inverse magnetic fluid is enhanced, because more fluorescent nonmagnetic microparticles are enriched and become detectable under the effect of the magnetic dipole force and the magnetic levitational force, and their unnecessary scattering can be absorbed by the surrounding ferrofluid. The average enhancement of the fluorescence area ratio in the inverse magnetic fluid with 3 μm nonmagnetic microparticles reaches 112.92%. The present work shows that the inverse magnetic fluid has advantages such as low cost, no scattering effect, stable fluorescence intensity, and relatively low magnetic resistance. In the end, a prototype design for the novel detection of coronavirus disease 2019 based on the magnetic field induced self-assembly in the inverse magnetic fluid is proposed, which could support the epidemic prevention and control.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1070-6631 , 1089-7666
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/5.0048123
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472743-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 241528-8
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ranking cliques in higher-order complex networks
    AIP Publishing ; 2023
    In:  Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science Vol. 33, No. 7 ( 2023-07-01)
    Details
    In: Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science, AIP Publishing, Vol. 33, No. 7 ( 2023-07-01)
    Abstract: Traditional network analysis focuses on the representation of complex systems with only pairwise interactions between nodes. However, the higher-order structure, which is beyond pairwise interactions, has a great influence on both network dynamics and function. Ranking cliques could help understand more emergent dynamical phenomena in large-scale complex networks with higher-order structures, regarding important issues, such as behavioral synchronization, dynamical evolution, and epidemic spreading. In this paper, motivated by multi-node interactions in a topological simplex, several higher-order centralities are proposed, namely, higher-order cycle (HOC) ratio, higher-order degree, higher-order H-index, and higher-order PageRank (HOP), to quantify and rank the importance of cliques. Experiments on both synthetic and real-world networks support that, compared with other traditional network metrics, the proposed higher-order centralities effectively reduce the dimension of a large-scale network and are more accurate in finding a set of vital nodes. Moreover, since the critical cliques ranked by the HOP and the HOC are scattered over a complex network, the HOP and the HOC outperform other metrics in ranking cliques that are vital in maintaining the network connectivity, thereby facilitating network dynamical synchronization and virus spread control in applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1054-1500 , 1089-7682
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/5.0147721
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472677-4
    SSG: 11
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Room temperature two-dimensional ferromagnetic Ni-doped Fe5GeTe2 with tunable Tc for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction
    AIP Publishing ; 2023
    In:  Applied Physics Letters Vol. 123, No. 7 ( 2023-08-14)
    Details
    In: Applied Physics Letters, AIP Publishing, Vol. 123, No. 7 ( 2023-08-14)
    Abstract: Improving the Curie temperature and catalytic performance of two-dimensional magnetic materials through elemental doping is a feasible strategy. In this study, Ni-doped (Fe1−xNix)5GeTe2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) single crystals were grown via chemical vapor transport method and the amount of Ni doping could be precisely controlled. As the amount of Ni doping increases, the long-range ferromagnetic ordering temperature increased, and (Fe0.7Ni0.3)5GeTe2 exhibited the highest Curie temperature Tc = 492.73 K. The improvement of Tc can be attributed to the occupancy of the Fe1 site by Ni atoms. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activities of liquid phase exfoliated (Fe1−xNix)5GeTe2 nanoflakes were enhanced by doping Ni atoms, and the overpotential decrease to 464 mV at 10 mA/cm2 with a small Tafel slope of 41 mV/dec for the (Fe0.9Ni0.1)5GeTe2 nanoflakes. Based on the density functional theory calculations, when half of the Fe1 sites were replaced by Ni atoms, the number of enhanced OER active sites (Fe1-Te sites) reached maximum, and then, (Fe0.9Ni0.1)5GeTe2 exhibited the best catalytic performance. The experimental and theoretical calculation results indicate that replacing Fe1 site with Ni in two-dimensional magnetic Fe5GeTe2 can effectively increase the Curie temperature and enhance OER activity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-6951 , 1077-3118
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/5.0160467
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 211245-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1469436-0
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Synthesis mechanism of four metallic Cyclo-N5− energetic materials: A theoretical Perspective
    AIP Publishing ; 2023
    In:  The Journal of Chemical Physics Vol. 159, No. 12 ( 2023-09-28)
    Details
    In: The Journal of Chemical Physics, AIP Publishing, Vol. 159, No. 12 ( 2023-09-28)
    Abstract: In the past five years, over 20 types of cyclo-N5− energetic materials (EMs) have been successfully synthesized. Metallic cyclo-N5− EMs exhibit higher density and performance compared to non-metallic cyclo-N5− EMs. However, the mechanisms for such metallic cyclo-N5− EMs remain unexplored. Herein, we performed a thorough quantum chemistry study on the mechanistic pathway for the cyclo-N5− trapped by metal cations in four cyclo-N5− EMs: [Na(H2O) (N5)] · 2H2O, [M(H2O)4(N5)2]  · 4H2O (M = Mn, Fe, and Co), by density functional theory methods and transition state theory. During the synthesis process, the cyclo-N5− in the precursor hybrid aromatic compound is susceptible to electrophilic attack by metal cations. This attack disrupts the hydrogen bond interaction surrounding the cyclo-N5−, ultimately leading to the formation of either an ionic bond or a coordination bond between the metal cation and the cyclo-N5−, resulting in an electrophilic substitution reaction. In addition, solvent effects reduce the energy of the ionic bond, thereby promoting the reaction. Our findings will provide valuable insights for future route design and contribute to enhancing the synthesis yield of cyclo-N5− EMs in both theoretical and experimental aspects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9606 , 1089-7690
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/5.0167200
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3113-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473050-9
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