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  • MDPI AG  (22)
  • Li, Weidong  (22)
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  • MDPI AG  (22)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Synthesis of Waterborne Polyurethane by the Telechelic α,ω-Di(hydroxy)poly(n-butyl acrylate)
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Polymers Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2018-02-23), p. 219-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2018-02-23), p. 219-
    Abstract: A key for the preparation of polyacrylate-based polyurethane is the synthesis of hydroxyl-terminated polyacrylate. To our knowledge, exactly one hydroxyl group of every polyacrylate chain has not been reported. The hydroxyl-terminated poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) has been successfully synthesized by degenerative iodine transfer polymerization (DITP) of the n-butyl acrylate (n-BA) using 4,4′-azobis(4-cyano-1-pentanol) (ACPO) and diiodoxylene (DIX) as initiator and chain transfer agent, respectively, and subsequently substituted reaction of the iodine-terminated PBA with β-mercaptoethanol in alkaline condition. The latter reaction was highly efficient, and the terminal iodine at the end of polymer chains were almost quantitatively transformed to a hydroxyl group. 2,2′-Azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) and ACPO were used as initiators in the DITPs of n-BA. The results demonstrated that they had a significant influence on the terminal groups of the formed polymer chains. The structure, molecular weight, and molecular weight distribution of the hydroxyl-terminated PBA have been studied by 1H, 13C NMR, and GPC results. The components of hydroxyl-terminated PBA were determined by MALDI-TOF MS spectra, and their formation is discussed. The broad molecular weight distribution of the PBA and the difference in the polymerization behaviors from typical living radical polymerization are explained based on the results of 1H NMR and MALDI-TOF MS spectra. The hydroxyl-terminated PBA has been successfully used in the preparation of PBA-based polyurethane dispersions (PUDs). The aqueous PUDs were stable, and based on the DSC results it can be said that the miscibility of hard segments with PBA chains was improved.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym10020219
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Self-Control, Consideration of Future Consequences, and Internet Addiction among Chinese Adolescents: The Moderating Effect of Deviant Peer Affiliation
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 17 ( 2021-08-27), p. 9026-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 17 ( 2021-08-27), p. 9026-
    Abstract: Although a large number of studies have indicated that self-control was an important predictive factor for adolescent internet addiction, the moderating and mediating mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. To address this research gap, the present study, according to social learning theory and the organism–environment interaction theory, tested whether consideration of future consequences mediated the relation between self-control and adolescent internet addiction and whether deviant peer affiliation moderated the relationship between consideration of future consequences and internet addiction. Using longitudinal tracking (two-time points and the interval is 6 months). Three middle schools in Guangzhou were randomly selected. The participants were 1182 students ranging in age from 12 to 15 years (average age: 14.16, SD = 1.29) from three middle schools in Guangzhou (651 boys and 531 girls) in Guangdong Province. Results showed that consideration of future consequences mediated the relationship between self-control and internet addiction. Furthermore, the relationship between future consequence consideration and internet addiction was moderated by deviant peer affiliation. These findings highlighted the potential mediating role of consideration of future consequences in linking self-control to adolescent internet addiction. We also found high deviant peer affiliation weakens the protective effect of future consequence consideration on Internet addiction. This study may provide support for adolescent Internet addiction prevention and have some educational implications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179026
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Prevalence and Risk Factors for Anemia in Non-pregnant Childbearing Women from the Chinese Fifth National Health and Nutrition Survey
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 16, No. 7 ( 2019-04-10), p. 1290-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 7 ( 2019-04-10), p. 1290-
    Abstract: Anemia is a public health issue for developing countries, especially for women of childbearing age. The aim of this study was to assess the anemia status and analyze the risk factors for anemia in Chinese childbearing women aged 18–49 years. Hemoglobin concentration was measured by the HiCN method in the Fifth Chinese National Nutrition and Health Survey (CNNHS) in 2010–2012. Age, region type, ethnicity, bodyweight, height, education, season and smoke habit were recorded in unified questionnaires. Latitude was divided by China’s Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River. Childbearing women (28,289) from the CNNHS 2010–2012 were included in this study. The median hemoglobin concentration was 136.2(126.6–145.0) g/L, and it was significantly higher than in CNNHS 2002 (132.5 (122.3–141.6) g/L). The prevalence of anemia was 15.0%, and it was significantly lower than 10 years ago. The logistic regression analysis showed anemia in Chinese childbearing women was specifically related to 30–39 age group (P = 0.004), in spring (P 〈 0.0001) or in winter (P = 0.006), small and medium-sized cities (P = 0.044) and middle school education level (P = 0.027). The results showed that anemia status among childbearing women was greatly improved over 10 years since 2002, but it was still more severe than the rest of the populations. The nutrition propaganda and education is recommended for childbearing women to help them to improve the nutritional status on their own.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16071290
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Decomposing Working Memory in Recurrent Major Depression: Impaired Encoding and Limited Maintenance Immune-to-Encoding Constraint
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Brain Sciences Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-12-24), p. 38-
    Details
    In: Brain Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-12-24), p. 38-
    Abstract: It is generally believed that working memory (WM) is dysfunctional in depression. However, whether this impaired performance originates from impaired encoding, maintenance or both stages is still unclear. Here, we aimed to decompose the abnormal characteristics of encoding and maintenance in patients with recurrent major depressive disorder (MDD). Thirty patients and thirty-nine healthy controls completed a spatial working memory task where the encoding time and the retention time could vary under different load levels. Encoding performance was assessed by comparing accuracies between short and long encoding times, and maintenance performance was assessed by comparing accuracies between short and long retention times. The results show a lower performance in depression than the controls. However, while the decreased accuracy by long retention (vs. short retention) was increased by a short encoding time in the control group, the retention performance of the depression group did not further suffer from the short encoding time. The generally impaired encoding, together with limited maintenance of immunity against the constrained encoding time, suggests a common bias for fixed internal processing over external processing in recurrent MDD. The paradigm provided in this study can be a convenient and efficient clinical test for assessing the WM encoding and maintenance function.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010038
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651993-8
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Facile Preparation and Characteristic Analysis of Sulfated Cellulose Nanofibril via the Pretreatment of Sulfamic Acid-Glycerol Based Deep Eutectic Solvents
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2021-10-21), p. 2778-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2021-10-21), p. 2778-
    Abstract: A deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of sulfamic acid and glycerol allowed for the sustainable preparation of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) with simultaneous sulfation. The reaction time and the levels of sulfamic acid demonstrated that fibers could be swelled and sulfated simultaneously by a sulfamic acid-glycerol-based DES and swelling also promoted sulfation with a high degree of substitution (0.12). The DES-pretreated fibers were further nanofibrillated by a grinder producing CNF with diameters from 10 nm to 25 nm. The crystallinity ranged from 53–62%, and CNF maintained the original crystal structure. DES pretreatment facilitated cellulose nano-fibrillation and reduced the energy consumption with a maximum reduction of 35%. The films prepared from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and CNF showed good UV resistance ability and mechanical properties. This facile and efficient method provided a more sustainable strategy for the swelling, functionalization and nano-fibrillation of cellulose, expanding its application to UV-blocking materials and related fields.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano11112778
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of the Absorption Behavior of Main Component Compounds of Salt-Fried Herb Ingredients in Qing’e Pills by Using Caco-2 Cell Model
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Molecules Vol. 23, No. 12 ( 2018-12-14), p. 3321-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 12 ( 2018-12-14), p. 3321-
    Abstract: Qing’e Pills is a Chinese traditional herbal product, which is often used to strengthen muscles and bones in TCM (traditional Chinese Medicine) practice. Its two main component herbs, namely, Cortex Eucommiae and Fructus Psoraleae are both required to be salt-fried according to TCM theory. We have evaluated the effects of salt-frying treated herbs on Caco-2 cell uptake behavior for those active ingredients of Qing’e Pills. By investigating of various variables, including MTT, temperature, inhibitors, pH, salt concentration and herb processing methods, we tried to clarify whether the salt-processing on herbs was necessary or not. Results showed that, compared to other processing methods, the salt-frying process significantly (p 〈 0.01) enhanced the absorption of effective components of Qing’e Pills. The way that psoralen, isopsoralen, psoralenoside and geniposide acid entered Caco-2 cells at low concentrations was via passive diffusion. These components were not substrates of P-glycoprotein. It demonstrated that the salt-frying process not only enhanced the concentration of active components in herb extract, but also changed their absorption behaviors. Nevertheless, the mechanism of absorption behavior changing needs to be further investigated.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123321
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Antioxidant Properties of cis-Z,Z'-3a.7a',7a.3a'-Dihydroxy-ligustilide on Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells in Vitro
    MDPI AG ; 2013
    In:  Molecules Vol. 18, No. 1 ( 2013-01-02), p. 520-534
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 1 ( 2013-01-02), p. 520-534
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules18010520
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Revealed Two Alternative Splicing bHLHs Account for Flower Color Alteration in Chrysanthemum
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 23 ( 2021-11-25), p. 12769-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 23 ( 2021-11-25), p. 12769-
    Abstract: ‘Jimba’ is a white chrysanthemum cultivar, which occasionally and spontaneously produces red flower petals under natural cultivation due to cyanidin-based anthocyanin accumulation. To investigate the underlying mechanism of this process, a comparative transcriptome was analyzed between white and turning red ‘Jimba’. The structural and regulatory genes of anthocyanin pathway were significantly up-regulated in turning red ‘Jimba’. Among them, two alternative splicings, CmbHLH2 and CmbHLH2.1, showed the most significantly up-regulated in turning red tissue. Transiently over-expressed 35S::CmMYB6-CmbHLH2 strongly induced anthocyanin accumulation in ‘Jimba’ flower petals, while moderate amount of anthocyanin was detected when over-expressed 35S::CmMYB6-CmbHLH2.1. Both CmbHLH2 and CmbHLH2.1 could interact with CmMYB6 to activate CmDFR promoter according to Yeast two-hybrid and dual-luciferase assay. Moreover, CmMYB6-CmbHLH2 but not CmMYB6-CmbHLH2.1 could activate the CmbHLH2 promoter to provide positive feedback loop regulation. Taken together, it suggested that both CmbHLH2 and CmbHLH2.1 involved in regulation flower color alteration in turning red ‘Jimba’, and CmbHLH2 played a predominant role in this process.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312769
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reanalysis and Revision of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Artemia urmiana Günther, 1899 (Crustacea: Anostraca)
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Diversity Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2021-01-04), p. 14-
    Details
    In: Diversity, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2021-01-04), p. 14-
    Abstract: In the previously published mitochondrial genome sequence of Artemia urmiana (NC_021382 [JQ975176]), the taxonomic status of the examined Artemia had not been determined, due to parthenogenetic populations coexisting with A. urmiana in Urmia Lake. Additionally, NC_021382 [JQ975176] has been obtained with pooled cysts of Artemia (0.25 g cysts consists of 20,000–25,000 cysts), not a single specimen. With regard to coexisting populations in Urmia Lake, and intra- and inter-specific variations in the pooled samples, NC_021382 [JQ975176] cannot be recommended as a valid sequence and any attempt to attribute it to A. urmiana or a parthenogenetic population is unreasonable. With the aid of next-generation sequencing methods, we characterized and assembled a complete mitochondrial genome of A. urmiana with defined taxonomic status. Our results reveal that in the previously published mitogenome (NC_021382 [JQ975176] ), tRNA-Phe has been erroneously attributed to the heavy strand but it is encoded in the light strand. There was a major problem in the position of the ND5. It was extended over the tRNA-Phe, which is biologically incorrect. We have also identified a partial nucleotide sequence of 311 bp that was probably erroneously duplicated in the assembly of the control region of NC_021382 [JQ975176], which enlarges the control region length by 16%. This partial sequence could not be recognized in our assembled mitogenome as well as in 48 further examined specimens of A. urmiana. Although, only COX1 and 16S genes have been widely used for phylogenetic studies in Artemia, our findings reveal substantial differences in the nucleotide composition of some other genes (including ATP8, ATP6, ND3, ND6, ND1 and COX3) among Artemia species. It is suggested that these markers should be included in future phylogenetic studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-2818
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/d13010014
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518137-3
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Prevalence of Anemia among Chinese Rural Residents
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2017-02-24), p. 192-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2017-02-24), p. 192-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu9030192
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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