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  • MDPI AG  (12)
  • Li, Ruihua  (12)
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  • MDPI AG  (12)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genome-Wide Analysis of CCA1-Like Proteins in Soybean and Functional Characterization of GmMYB138a
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 18, No. 10 ( 2017-09-22), p. 2040-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 10 ( 2017-09-22), p. 2040-
    Abstract: Plant CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1 (CCA1)-like proteins are a class of single-repeat MYELOBLASTOSIS ONCOGENE (MYB) transcription factors generally featured by a highly conserved motif SHAQK(Y/F)F, which play important roles in multiple biological processes. Soybean is an important grain legume for seed protein and edible vegetable oil. However, essential understandings regarding CCA1-like proteins are very limited in soybean. In this study, 54 CCA1-like proteins were identified by data mining of soybean genome. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that soybean CCA1-like subfamily showed evolutionary conservation and diversification. These CCA1-like genes displayed tissue-specific expression patterns, and analysis of genomic organization and evolution revealed 23 duplicated gene pairs. Among them, GmMYB138a was chosen for further investigation. Our protein–protein interaction studies revealed that GmMYB138a, but not its alternatively spliced isoform, interacts with a 14-3-3 protein (GmSGF14l). Although GmMYB138a was predominately localized in nucleus, the resulting complex of GmMYB138a and GmSGF14l was almost evenly distributed in nucleus and cytoplasm, supporting that 14-3-3s interact with their clients to alter their subcellular localization. Additionally, qPCR analysis suggested that GmMYB138a and GmSGF14l synergistically or antagonistically respond to drought, cold and salt stresses. Our findings will contribute to future research in regard to functions of soybean CCA1-like subfamily, especially regulatory mechanisms of GmMYB138a in response to abiotic stresses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102040
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fc-Based Recombinant Henipavirus Vaccines Elicit Broad Neutralizing Antibody Responses in Mice
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Viruses Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2020-04-23), p. 480-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2020-04-23), p. 480-
    Abstract: The genus Henipavirus (HNVs) includes two fatal viruses, namely Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV). Since 1994, NiV and HeV have been endemic to the Asia–Pacific region and responsible for more than 600 cases of infections. Two emerging HNVs, Ghana virus (GhV) and Mojiang virus (MojV), are speculated to be associated with unrecognized human diseases in Africa and China, respectively. Despite many efforts to develop vaccines against henipaviral diseases, there is presently no licensed human vaccine. As HNVs are highly pathogenic and diverse, it is necessary to develop universal vaccines to prevent future outbreaks. The attachment enveloped glycoprotein (G protein) of HNVs mediates HNV attachment to the host cell’s surface receptors. G proteins have been used as a protective antigen in many vaccine candidates for HNVs. We performed quantitative studies on the antibody responses elicited by the G proteins of NiV, HeV, GhV, and MojV. We found that the G proteins of NiV and HeV elicited only a limited cross-reactive antibody response. Further, there was no cross-protection between MojV, GhV, and highly pathogenic HNVs. We then constructed a bivalent vaccine where the G proteins of NiV and HeV were fused with the human IgG1 Fc domain. The immunogenicity of the bivalent vaccine was compared with that of monovalent vaccines. Our results revealed that the Fc-based bivalent vaccine elicited a potent antibody response against both NiV and HeV. We also constructed a tetravalent Fc heterodimer fusion protein that contains the G protein domains of four HNVs. Immunization with the tetravalent vaccine elicited broad antibody responses against NiV, HeV, GhV, and MojV in mice, indicating compatibility among the four antigens in the Fc-fusion protein. These data suggest that our novel bivalent and tetravalent Fc-fusion proteins may be efficient candidates to prevent HNV infection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v12040480
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Damage Identification of Large Generator Stator Insulation Based on PZT Sensor Systems and Hybrid Features of Lamb Waves
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Sensors Vol. 18, No. 9 ( 2018-08-21), p. 2745-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 9 ( 2018-08-21), p. 2745-
    Abstract: Large generators are the principal pieces of equipment in power systems, and their operation reliability critically depends on the stator insulation. Damages in stator insulation will gradually lead to the failure and breakdown of generator. Due to the advantages of Lamb waves in Structural health monitoring (SHM), in this study, a distributed piezoelectric (PZT) sensor system and hybrid features of the Lamb waves are introduced to identify stator insulation damage of large generator. A hierarchical probability damage-imaging (PDI) algorithm is proposed to tackle the material inhomogeneity and anisotropy of the stator insulation. The proposed method includes three steps: global detection using correlation coefficients, local detection using Time of flight (ToF) along with the amplitude of damage-scattered Lamb wave, and final images fusion. Wavelet Transform was used to extract the ToF of Lamb wave in terms of the time-frequency domain. Finite Element Modeling (FEM) simulation and experimental work were carried out to identify four typical stator insulation damages for validation, including inner void, inner delamination, puncture, and crack. Results show that the proposed method can precisely identify the location of stator insulation damage, and the reconstruction image can be used to identify the size of stator insulation damage.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s18092745
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Construction and Immunological Evaluation of an Adenoviral Vector-Based Vaccine Candidate for Lassa Fever
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Viruses Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2021-03-15), p. 484-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2021-03-15), p. 484-
    Abstract: Lassa virus (LASV) is a rodent-borne arenavirus circulating in West African regions that causes Lassa fever (LF). LF is normally asymptomatic at the initial infection stage, but can progress to severe disease with multiorgan collapse and hemorrhagic fever. To date, the therapeutic choices are limited, and there is no approved vaccine for avoiding LASV infection. Adenoviral vector-based vaccines represent an effective countermeasure against LASV because of their safety and adequate immunogenicity, as demonstrated in use against other emerging viral infections. Here, we constructed and characterized a novel Ad5 (E1-, E3-) vectored vaccine containing the glycoprotein precursor (GPC) of LASV. Ad5-GPCLASV elicited both humoral and cellular immune responses in BALB/c mice. Moreover, a bioluminescent imaging-based BALB/c mouse model infected with GPC-bearing and luciferase-expressing replication-incompetent LASV pseudovirus was utilized to evaluate the vaccine efficacy. The bioluminescence intensity of immunized mice was significantly lower than that of control mice after being inoculated with LASV pseudovirus. This study suggests that Ad5-GPCLASV represents a potential vaccine candidate against LF.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v13030484
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    College Student’s Academic Help-Seeking Behavior: A Systematic Literature Review
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Behavioral Sciences Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2023-07-31), p. 637-
    Details
    In: Behavioral Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2023-07-31), p. 637-
    Abstract: Seeking academic help has a positive impact on students’ ability to handle challenges, leading to improved academic success. As the academic landscape becomes more competitive, the importance of students seeking and using academic support is widely recognized for enhancing their learning experience and achievements. The main objective of this study is to review the prior literature that has examined the academic support provided to college students, addressing the knowledge and methods required in an academic help-seeking process. Based on a systematic literature review, this study’s data were gathered from a review of 55 documents from the 11 years between 2012 and 2022. The literature was then individually analyzed using the ATLAS.ti 22 programs. The analysis shows five central themes: (1) Defining student help-seeking; (2) Academic help-seeking and academic performance; (3) Resources of academic help-seeking; (4) Factors of academic help-seeking; (5) Academic Help Seeking Online. This study also identifies potential new directions for future research that could be useful to school administrators in developing policies to assist students with help-seeking behavior, which could have significant implications for the theoretical development and practical guidance of student help-seeking behavior.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-328X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/bs13080637
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651997-5
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Multi-feature Fusion and Damage Identification of Large Generator Stator Insulation Based on Lamb Wave Detection and SVM Method
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Sensors Vol. 19, No. 17 ( 2019-08-29), p. 3733-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 17 ( 2019-08-29), p. 3733-
    Abstract: Due to the merits of Lamb wave to Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of composite, the Lamb wave-based damage detection and identification technology show a potential solution for the insulation condition evaluation of large generator stator. This was performed in order to overcome the problem that it is difficult to effectively identify the stator insulation damage the using single feature of Lamb wave. In this paper, a damage identification method of stator insulation based on Lamb wave multi-feature fusion is presented. Firstly, the different damage features were extracted from time domain, frequency domain, and fractal dimension of lamb wave signals, respectively. The features of Lamb wave signals were extracted by Hilbert transform (HT), power spectral density (PSD), fast Fourier transform (FFT), and wavelet fractal dimension (WFD). Then, a machine learning method based on support vector machine (SVM) was used to fuse and reconstruct the multi-features of Lamb wave and furtherly identify damage type of stator insulation. Finally, the effect of typical stator insulation damage identification is verified by simulation and experiment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s19173733
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Curcumin Alleviates LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells via the NFE2L2 Signaling Pathway
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Toxins Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2021-03-12), p. 208-
    Details
    In: Toxins, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2021-03-12), p. 208-
    Abstract: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an endotoxin, which may cause immune response and inflammation of bovine mammary glands. Mastitis impairs animal health and results in economic loss. Curcumin (CUR) is a naturally occurring diketone compound, which has attracted widespread attention as a potential anti-inflammatory antioxidant. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether CUR can reduce the damage of bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) induced by LPS and its underlying molecular mechanism. The MAC-T cell line was treated with different concentrations of LPS and CUR for 24 h. The results showed that CUR rescued the decrease of MAC-T cell viability and cell damage induced by LPS. At the same time, 10 µM CUR and 100 µg/mL LPS were used to treat the cells in the follow-up study. The results showed CUR treatment reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the expression of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α), interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-6 and IL-1β) and the rate of apoptosis induced by LPS. These effects were associated with the activation of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2)-antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway coupled with inactivation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inflammatory and caspase/Bcl2 apoptotic pathways.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6651
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/toxins13030208
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518395-3
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Research on an Auto-Optimized Capacitor Voltage Balancing Control Strategy of MMC SM for Renewable Energy HVDC Transmission System
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Electronics Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2019-01-18), p. 104-
    Details
    In: Electronics, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2019-01-18), p. 104-
    Abstract: The Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) is one of the most attractive converter topologies in the High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission field. The latest widely used sorting method has a low algorithm complexity. It can effectively balance the sub-module (SM) capacitor voltages, but it would cause relatively high switching frequency and power loss. Aiming at the problem that the sub-module (SM) capacitor voltage sorting algorithm has a large switching loss due to the high switching frequency of the device, this paper proposes an auto-optimized capacitor voltage balancing control strategy. Firstly, the topology and operation principle of MMC are analyzed. Secondly, a SM capacitor voltage control method based on the dynamic deviation threshold is proposed. Considering the switch switching state of the SM and the difference between the voltages of each SM, the algorithm can obtain the dynamic deviation valve using the closed-loop control. The method can avoid the unnecessary repeated switching of the Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) under the premise of ensuring that the capacitance voltages of the SMs are basically the same, which effectively result in reducing the switching frequency of the MMC SM and reducing the switching loss, thereby improving the operating efficiency of the system. Finally aiming at the proposed control strategy, the simulation and experimental verification are carried out which shows that the proposed algorithm can better control the system voltage deviation, reduce the switching loss of the system and improve the stability of the system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-9292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/electronics8010104
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662127-7
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Whole-Transcriptome Analysis Highlights Adenylyl Cyclase Toxins-Derived Modulation of NF-κB and ERK1/2 Pathways in Macrophages
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Toxins Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2023-02-09), p. 139-
    Details
    In: Toxins, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2023-02-09), p. 139-
    Abstract: Edema toxin (ET), one of the main toxic factors of Bacillus anthracis (B. anthracis), is a kind of potent adenylate cyclase (AC). B. anthracis has adapted to resist macrophage microbicidal mechanisms in part by secreting ET. To date, there is limited information on the pathogenic mechanisms used by ET to manipulate macrophage function, especially at the transcriptome level. We used RNA sequencing to study transcriptional changes in RAW264.7 cells treated with ET. We aimed to identify molecular events associated with the establishment of infection and followed changes in cellular proteins. Our results indicate that ET inhibited TNF-α expression in the RAW264.7 mouse macrophage cell line by activating the cAMP/PKA pathway. ET challenge of macrophages induced a differential expression of genes that participate in multiple macrophage effector functions such as cytokine production, cell adhesion, and the inflammatory response. Furthermore, ET influenced the expression of components of the ERK1/2, as well as the NF-αB signaling pathways. We also showed that ET treatments inhibit the phosphorylation of the ERK1/2 protein. ET also attenuated NF-αB subunit p65 phosphorylation and transcriptional activity of NF-αB via the cAMP/PKA pathway in macrophages. Since the observed modulatory effects were characteristic only of the bacterial exotoxin ET, we propose this may be a mechanism used by B. anthracis to manipulate macrophages and establish systemic infection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6651
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/toxins15020139
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518395-3
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fractionation of Inorganic Phosphorus in Cold Temperate Forest Soils: Associating Mechanisms of Soil Aggregate Protection and Recovery Periods after Forest Fire Disturbance
    MDPI AG ; 2024
    In:  Forests Vol. 15, No. 5 ( 2024-05-17), p. 875-
    Details
    In: Forests, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 5 ( 2024-05-17), p. 875-
    Abstract: The soil aggregate is the fundamental unit of soil structure. The fractionation characteristics and influencing factors of phosphorus (P) in soil aggregates inherently link its geochemical characteristics and recycling mechanism. This work investigated the fractionation characteristics of inorganic P in cold temperate forest soils and studied the impacts of recovery periods after forest fires and soil aggregate protection mechanisms on P fractionation. Our results showed that the TP, active P, stable P, and total organic carbon (TOC) contents varied with increasing recovery years after forest fire disturbance. The TP content in the coarse particulate organic matter fraction (cPOM) exhibited an increasing trend with the number of recovery years. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and correlation analysis indicated that TOC played a crucial role in influencing the dynamics of P fractionation during the recovery process. The order of TP levels in different soil aggregate fractions was as follows: μClay 〉 dClay 〉 LF 〉 cPOM 〉 dSilt 〉 μSilt 〉 iPOM, with significant contributions from the cPOM and dSilt fractions. The ranking of P fractions in bulk soils was as follows: ACa-P 〉 Fe-P 〉 Oc-P 〉 Or-P 〉 De-P 〉 Al-P 〉 Ex-P. The protective mechanism of soil aggregates had a more significant effect on TOC than TP, with the order of protective abilities being: Phy×biochem-protected 〉 Biochem-protected 〉 Phy-protected 〉 Non-protected mechanism. TOC and recovery years emerged as critical factors influencing the dynamics of different P fractions during post-fire recovery. Soil aggregate protection mechanisms demonstrated significantly higher effects on TOC than on TP. This study provides insights into the fractionation mechanisms of P in the soil–forest ecosystem of the Greater Khingan Mountains, contributing to the sustainable development and utilization of cold temperate forest ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4907
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/f15050875
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527081-3
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