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  • MDPI AG  (39)
  • Li, Jie  (39)
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  • MDPI AG  (39)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Experimental Investigation on a Novel Necking Heat Pipe with Double-End Heating for Thermal Management of the Overload Operation
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 12, No. 22 ( 2022-11-16), p. 11661-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 22 ( 2022-11-16), p. 11661-
    Abstract: This work proposed a novel necking heat pipe with double-end heating for thermal management of the overload operation. The addition of another heat load was adopted to obtain a higher threshold critical power for the heat pipe system. The thermal performance of thermal switch heat pipe (TSHP) and traditional grooved heat pipe (TGHP) was investigated experimentally, including the threshold critical power, starting characteristic, recovery characteristic, surface temperature distribution, thermal resistance, etc. The optimized TSHP exhibited a larger threshold critical power range with low additional heat load input (from 55 W to 65 W, almost 20% increase), low starting additional heat load input (2 W), good recovery characteristic (less than 150 s from 75 °C to normal after overload), and low thermal resistance with additional heat load input (less than 0.13 °C/W). These results indicate that the optimized TSHP can offer great potential for the overload operation situation with the additional heat load. Such a novel necking heat pipe with double-end heating can be utilized in heat pipe systems to obtain different thermal performances for complicated working situations, especially for the overload operation situation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app122211661
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Formation of the Miaoan Au-Polymetallic Deposit in the Northern Taihang Mountain, North China Craton: Ore Geology, Geochronological and Geochemical Perspectives
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Minerals Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2022-09-10), p. 1144-
    Details
    In: Minerals, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2022-09-10), p. 1144-
    Abstract: Several gold ore-concentrated areas have been recognized in the destruction zone of the North China Craton (NCC). However, the deposits in the western part of the destruction zone have received less attention. Miaoan, a typical Au-polymetallic deposit in the northern Taihang Mountain, provides a good sample for deepening our understanding of the genesis of gold deposits in the western destruction zone. In this study, detailed ore geology, pyrite Rb-Sr age, trace element and S-C-O isotopes of Au-bearing ores were conducted to constrain the source of ore-forming materials and their tectonic setting. The pyrites obtain an Rb-Sr isochron age of 129.5 ± 2.5 Ma, consistent with those of magmatic rocks in this deposit, suggesting their genetic relationship. The δ34S values ranging from −5.5‰ to 1.6‰ and the high Co/Ni and Y/Ho ratios of pyrites indicate the mantle-crust mixing characteristics of ore-forming fluids. The δ13C (−6.3‰ to −2.0‰) and δ18O (9.3‰ to 17.6‰) values of Au-bearing ores and calcites suggest mixing characteristics as well. Geochronologically, the Miaoan Au-polymetallic deposit was formed during the destruction of the NCC. We propose that the Miaoan Au-polymetallic deposit is a decratonic gold deposit and that its ore-forming materials have a mixed source of mantle and crust.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-163X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/min12091144
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655947-X
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Novel Thiochromanone Derivatives Containing a Sulfonyl Hydrazone Moiety: Design, Synthesis, and Bioactivity Evaluation
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Molecules Vol. 26, No. 10 ( 2021-05-14), p. 2925-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 26, No. 10 ( 2021-05-14), p. 2925-
    Abstract: A series of novel thiochromanone derivatives containing a sulfonyl hydrazone moiety were designed and synthesized. Their structures were determined by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and HRMS. Bioassay results showed that most of the target compounds revealed moderate to good antibacterial activities against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicolaby, and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. Compound 4i had the best inhibitory activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicolaby, and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, with the EC50 values of 8.67, 12.65, and 10.62 μg/mL, which were superior to those of Bismerthiazol and Thiodiazole-copper. Meanwhile, bioassay results showed that all of the target compounds proved to have lower antifungal activities against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarium oxysporum, Gibberella zeae, Rhizoctonia solani, Verticillium dahlia, and Botrytis cinerea than those of Carbendazim.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102925
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Deep-Sea Seabed Sediment Classification Using Finely Processed Multibeam Backscatter Intensity Data in the Southwest Indian Ridge
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 14, No. 11 ( 2022-06-02), p. 2675-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 11 ( 2022-06-02), p. 2675-
    Abstract: In 2007, China discovered a hydrothermal anomaly in the Longqi hydrothermal area of the Southwest Indian Ridge. It was the first seabed hydrothermal area discovered in the ultraslow spreading ocean ridge in the world. Understanding the types of seabed sediments in this area is critical for studying the typical topography and geological characteristics of deep-sea seabed hydrothermal areas. The traditional classification of deep-seabed sediments adopts box sampling or gravity column sampling and identifies the types of seabed sediments through laboratory analysis. However, this classification method has some shortcomings, such as the presence of discrete sampling data points and the failure of full-coverage detection. The geological sampling in deep-sea areas is particularly inefficient. Hence, in this study, the EM122 multibeam sonar data collected in the Longqi hydrothermal area, Southwest Indian Ridge, in April 2019 are used to analyze multibeam backscatter intensity. Considering various errors in the complex deep-sea environment, obtaining backscatter intensity data can truly reflect seabed sediment types. Through unsupervised and supervised classification, the seabed sediment classification in the Longqi hydrothermal area was studied. The results showed that the accuracy of supervised classification is higher than that of unsupervised classification. Thus, unsupervised classification is primarily used for roughly classifying sediment types without on-site geological sampling. Combining the genetic algorithm (GA) and the support vector machine (SVM) neural network, deep-sea sediment types, such as deep-sea clay and calcareous ooze, can be identified rapidly and efficiently. Based on comparative analysis results, the classification accuracy of the GA-SVM neural network is higher than that of the SVM neural network, and it can be effectively applied to the high-precision classification and recognition of deep-sea sediments. In this paper, we demonstrate the fine-scale morphology and surface sediment structure characteristics of the deep-sea seafloor by finely processing high-precision deep-sea multibeam backscatter intensity data. This research can provide accurate seabed topography and sediment data for the exploration of deep-sea hydrothermal resources and the assessment of benthic habitats in deep-sea hydrothermal areas.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs14112675
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Metamaterial Reverse Multiple Prediction Method Based on Deep Learning
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2021-10-11), p. 2672-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2021-10-11), p. 2672-
    Abstract: Metamaterials and their related research have had a profound impact on many fields, including optics, but designing metamaterial structures on demand is still a challenging task. In recent years, deep learning has been widely used to guide the design of metamaterials, and has achieved outstanding performance. In this work, a metamaterial structure reverse multiple prediction method based on semisupervised learning was proposed, named the partially Conditional Generative Adversarial Network (pCGAN). It could reversely predict multiple sets of metamaterial structures that can meet the needs by inputting the required target spectrum. This model could reach a mean average error (MAE) of 0.03 and showed good generality. Compared with the previous metamaterial design methods, this method could realize reverse design and multiple design at the same time, which opens up a new method for the design of new metamaterials.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano11102672
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Expression Analysis of XTH in Stem Swelling of Stem Mustard and Selection of Reference Genes
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Genes Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2020-01-20), p. 113-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2020-01-20), p. 113-
    Abstract: Accurate analysis of gene expression requires selection of appropriate reference genes. In this study, we report analysis of eight candidate reference genes (ACTIN, UBQ, EF-1α, UBC, IF-4α, TUB, PP2A, and HIS), which were screened from the genome and transcriptome data in Brassica juncea. Four statistical analysis softwares geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder were used to test the reliability and stability of gene expression of the reference genes. To further validate the stability of reference genes, the expression levels of two CYCD3 genes (BjuB045330 and BjuA003219) were studied. In addition, all genes in the xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) family were identified in B. juncea and their patterns at different periods of stem enlargement were analyzed. Results indicated that UBC and TUB genes showed stable levels of expression and are recommended for future research. In addition, XTH genes were involved in regulation of stem enlargement expression. These results provide new insights for future research aiming at exploring important functional genes, their expression patterns and regulatory mechanisms for mustard development.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes11010113
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Interaction and Assembly of Bacterial Communities in High-Latitude Coral Habitat Associated Seawater
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Microorganisms Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2022-03-03), p. 558-
    Details
    In: Microorganisms, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2022-03-03), p. 558-
    Abstract: Threatened by climate change and ocean warming, coral reef ecosystems have been shifting in geographic ranges toward a higher latitude area. The water-associated microbial communities and their potential role in primary production contribution are well studied in tropical coral reefs, but poorly defined in high-latitude coral habitats to date. In this study, amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA and cbbL gene, co-occurrence network, and βNTI were used. The community structure of bacterial and carbon-fixation bacterial communities showed a significant difference between the center of coral, transitional, and non-coral area. Nitrite, DOC, pH, and coral coverage ratio significantly impacted the β-diversity of bacterial and carbon-fixation communities. The interaction of heterotrophs and autotrophic carbon-fixers was more complex in the bottom than in surface water. Carbon-fixers correlated with diverse heterotrophs in surface water but fewer lineages of heterotrophic taxa in the bottom. Bacterial community assembly showed an increase by deterministic process with decrease of coral coverage in bottom water, which may correlate with the gradient of nitrite and pH in the habitat. A deterministic process dominated the assembly of carbon-fixation bacterial community in surface water, while stochastic process dominated t the bottom. In conclusion, the structure and assembly of bacterial and carbon-fixer community were affected by multi-environmental variables in high-latitude coral habitat-associated seawater.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2607
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030558
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720891-6
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tumorous Stem Development of Brassica Juncea: A Complex Regulatory Network of Stem Formation and Identification of Key Genes in Glucosinolate Biosynthesis
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Plants Vol. 9, No. 8 ( 2020-08-09), p. 1006-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 8 ( 2020-08-09), p. 1006-
    Abstract: Stem mustard is a stem variety of mustard, an important Brassica vegetable. The formation and development of the tumorous stem, which is the key organ for the direct yield and quality, is a complex biological process involving morphogenesis, material accumulation and gene regulation. In this study, we demonstrated through anatomical studies that stem swelling is mainly dependent on the increase in the number of cells and the volume of parenchyma cells in the cortex and pith. To further understand transcript and metabolic changes during stem swelling, we obtained 27,901 differentially expressed genes, of which 671 were specifically detected using transcriptome sequencing technology in all four stages of stem swelling. Functional annotation identified enrichment for genes involved in photosynthesis, energy metabolism, cell growth, sulfur metabolism and glucosinolate biosynthesis. Glucosinolates are a group of nitrogen- and sulfur-containing secondary metabolites, which largely exist in the Cruciferous vegetables. HPLC analysis of the contents and components of glucosinolates in four different stem development stages revealed eight glucosinolates, namely, three aliphatic glucosinolates (sinigrin, glucoalyssin and gluconapin), four indole glucosinolates (4-hydroxyglucobrassicin, glucobrassicin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin and neoglucobrassicin) and one aromatic glucosinolate (gluconasturtiin). All these types of glucosinolates showed a significant downward trend during the stem swelling period. The content of aliphatic glucosinolates was the highest, with sinigrin being the main component. In addition, qPCR was used to validate the expression of nine genes involved in glucosinolate biosynthesis. Most of these genes were down-regulated during stem swelling in qPCR, which is consistent with transcriptome data. These data provide a basic resource for further molecular and genetic research on Brassica juncea.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants9081006
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of MgFe-LDH with Reduction Pretreatment on the Catalytic Performance in Syngas to Light Olefins
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Catalysts Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2023-03-21), p. 632-
    Details
    In: Catalysts, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2023-03-21), p. 632-
    Abstract: MgFe-layered double hydroxides (LDH) were widely used as catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis to produce light olefins, in which the state of Fe-species may affect the resulting catalytic active sites. Herein, the typical MgFe-LDH was hydrothermally synthesized and the obtained MgFe-LDH was pretreated with H2 at different temperatures to reveal the effects of the state of Fe-species on the catalytic performance in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. MgFe-LDH materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption–desorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), H2 temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that a MgO-FeO solid solution would be formed with the increase of the reduction temperature, which made the electrons transfer from Mg atoms to Fe atoms and strengthened the adsorption of CO. The pre-reduced treatment toward Mg-Fe-LDH enabled the FeCx active sites to be easily formed in situ during the reaction process, leading to the high conversion of CO. CO2 temperature-programmed desorption (CO2-TPD) and H2 temperature-programmed desorption (H2-TPD) analysis confirmed that the surface basicity of the catalysts was increased and the hydrogenation capacity was weakened, the secondary hydrogenation of the olefins was inhibited, and therefore as were the enhancement of O/P in the product and the high selectivity of light olefins (42.7%).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4344
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/catal13030632
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662126-5
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Design, Synthesis, and Bioactivity Evaluation of New Thiochromanone Derivatives Containing a Carboxamide Moiety
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Molecules Vol. 26, No. 15 ( 2021-07-21), p. 4391-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 26, No. 15 ( 2021-07-21), p. 4391-
    Abstract: In this study, using the botanical active component thiochromanone as the lead compound, a total of 32 new thiochromanone derivatives containing a carboxamide moiety were designed and synthesized and their in vitro antibacterial activities against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicolaby (Xoc), and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac) were determined, as well as their in vitro antifungal activities against Botryosphaeria dothidea (B. dothidea), Phomopsis sp., and Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea). Bioassay results demonstrated that some of the target compounds exhibited moderate to good in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities. In particular, compound 4e revealed excellent in vitro antibacterial activity against Xoo, Xoc, and Xac, and its EC50 values of 15, 19, and 23 μg/mL, respectively, were superior to those of Bismerthiazol and Thiodiazole copper. Meanwhile, compound 3b revealed moderate in vitro antifungal activity against B. dothidea at 50 μg/mL, and the inhibition rate reached 88%, which was even better than that of Pyrimethanil, however, lower than that of Carbendazim. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the antibacterial and antifungal activities of this series of novel thiochromanone derivatives containing a carboxamide moiety.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154391
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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