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  • MDPI AG  (8)
  • Li, Cong  (8)
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  • MDPI AG  (8)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Anthocyanins: Modified New Technologies and Challenges
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Foods Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2023-03-23), p. 1368-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2023-03-23), p. 1368-
    Abstract: Anthocyanins are bioactive compounds belonging to the flavonoid class which are commonly applied in foods due to their attractive color and health-promoting benefits. However, the instability of anthocyanins leads to their easy degradation, reduction in bioactivity, and color fading in food processing, which limits their application and causes economic losses. Therefore, the objective of this review is to provide a systematic evaluation of the published research on modified methods of anthocyanin use. Modification technology of anthocyanins mainly includes chemical modification (chemical acylation, enzymatic acylation, and formation of pyran anthocyanidin), co-pigmentation, and physical modification (microencapsulation and preparation of pickering emulsion). Modification technology of anthocyanins can not only increase bioavailability and stability of anthocyanin but also can improve effects of anthocyanin on disease prevention and treatment. We also propose potential challenges and perspectives for diversification of anthocyanin-rich products for food application. Overall, integrated strategies are warranted for improving anthocyanin stabilization and promoting their further application in the food industry, medicine, and other fields.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods12071368
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Nanozymatic-Mediated Smartphone Colorimetric Sensing Platform for the Detection of Dimethyl Phthalate (DMP) and Dibutyl Phthalate (DBP)
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Biosensors Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2023-10-08), p. 919-
    Details
    In: Biosensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2023-10-08), p. 919-
    Abstract: Plasticizers are a type of toxic substance that may remain in food, posing significant health risks including carcinogenic, teratogenic, mutagenic, and other adverse effects. In this study, a novel strategy was employed by combining Pt@Au nanozymes with high catalytic properties to created two catalytic signal probes, designated as Pt@Au@Ab1 and Pt@Au@Ab2, specifically designed for the detection of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP). These catalytic signal probes served as the foundation for the development of a colorimetric immunoassay, enabling the simultaneous detection of both DMP and DBP. The colorimetric immunoassay is capable of detecting DMP in the range of 0.5–100 μg/L with a limit of detection as low as 0.1 μg/L and DBP in the range of 1–32 μg/L with a low limit of detection of 0.5 μg/L. The developed immunoassay can be used for the determination of the DMP and DBP in baijiu and plastic bottled drinks. The recovery rate is in the range of 96.4% and 100.5% and the coefficient of variation is between 1.0% and 7.2%. This innovative colorimetric immunoassay offers a robust tool for the simultaneous quantification of DMP and DBP in real samples.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6374
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/bios13100919
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662125-3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Granulin A Synergizes with Cisplatin to Inhibit the Growth of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 19, No. 10 ( 2018-10-07), p. 3060-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 10 ( 2018-10-07), p. 3060-
    Abstract: Cisplatin is one of the most potent chemotherapy drugs widely used for cancer treatment. However, due to resistance and toxicity, the application of cisplatin for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is limited. Our previous study has shown that granulin A (GRN A), an anticancer peptide, is able to interact with enolase1 (ENO1) and inhibit the growth of HCC in vitro. In the present study, we studied the synergistic effect of the combination of cisplatin and GRN A for the inhibitory effect on HCC. An 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay and Chou-Talalay approaches revealed that the combination of GRN A and cisplatin displayed potent synergistic effect. The colony formation and cell viability of HCC cells were inhibited significantly in cells treated with the combination of cisplatin and GRN A, compared with cells treated with cisplatin or GRN A alone. Overexpression of ENO1 diminished the synergistic effect of GRN A and cisplatin in HCC cells. The combination of the two drugs exhibited a more obvious inhibitory effect on cancer cell apoptosis, as analyzed by the cytometry flow, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and western blot analysis. An in vivo study confirmed that the combined use of the two drugs displayed more potent antitumor activity compared to mice treated with cisplatin and GRN A alone; the inhibitory rate of tumor growth was 65.46% and 68.94%, respectively, in mice treated with GRN A and cisplatin. However, the inhibitory rate increased to 86.63% in mice treated with the combination of the two drugs. This study provides evidence that the combination of GRN A and cisplatin is able to sensitize the liver cancer to cisplatin, and that targeting ENO1 is a promising approach for enhancing the antitumor activity of cisplatin.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103060
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Breeding of Highly Virulent Beauveria bassiana Strains for Biological Control of the Leaf-Eating Pests of Dalbergia odorifera
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Forests Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2023-02-06), p. 316-
    Details
    In: Forests, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2023-02-06), p. 316-
    Abstract: Dalbergia odorifera (D. odorifera), commonly named the fragrant rosewood, is one of the second-level protected wild plants in China, and one of 34 species of rosewood in five genera and eight categories in the National Standard of China. As a kind of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), it plays an important role in the pharmaceutical industry, including the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, rheumatic pain, etc. With the continuous expansion of the planting area of D. odorifera, the diseases and pests of D. odorifera become more and more serious, among which leaf-eating pests are the most serious. In this study, ultraviolet rays and microwaves were used to mutagenize Beauveria bassiana (B. bassiana) strain HNCMBJ-P-01, and excellent mutant strains with high spore yield and high virulence were screened out, and then they were prepared into a wettable powder for forest control experiments to study their biocontrol effects. The virulence screening test showed that the virulence of strain HBWB-44 was the strongest, and the 10 day corrected mortality rate was 80.00%, and the lethal time was 5.622 days. The results of biological control test showed that the control effect of B. bassiana wettable powder 100 times solution reached 60.89%, second only to the botanical fungicide matrine. Generically, The B. bassiana that we screened and mutated showed a good killing effect on Plecoptera bilinealis (P. bilinealis), and the wettable powder produced by it showed a good control effect on the leaf-eating pests of D. odorifera. The application of fungal insecticides in plantations has a good prospect for controlling the occurrence of leaf-eating pests of D. odorifera.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4907
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/f14020316
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527081-3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Improving 3-m Resolution Land Cover Mapping through Efficient Learning from an Imperfect 10-m Resolution Map
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2020-04-30), p. 1418-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2020-04-30), p. 1418-
    Abstract: Substantial progress has been made in the field of large-area land cover mapping as the spatial resolution of remotely sensed data increases. However, a significant amount of human power is still required to label images for training and testing purposes, especially in high-resolution (e.g., 3-m) land cover mapping. In this research, we propose a solution that can produce 3-m resolution land cover maps on a national scale without human efforts being involved. First, using the public 10-m resolution land cover maps as an imperfect training dataset, we propose a deep learning based approach that can effectively transfer the existing knowledge. Then, we improve the efficiency of our method through a network pruning process for national-scale land cover mapping. Our proposed method can take the state-of-the-art 10-m resolution land cover maps (with an accuracy of 81.24% for China) as the training data, enable a transferred learning process that can produce 3-m resolution land cover maps, and further improve the overall accuracy (OA) to 86.34% for China. We present detailed results obtained over three mega cities in China, to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach for 3-m resolution large-area land cover mapping.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs12091418
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparison of the Effect of Pan-Retinal Photocoagulation and Intravitreal Conbercept Treatment on the Change of Retinal Vessel Density Monitored by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Patients with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 10, No. 19 ( 2021-09-29), p. 4484-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 19 ( 2021-09-29), p. 4484-
    Abstract: Background: This study compares the change of retinal vessel density (VD) after pan-retinal photocoagulation (PRP) and intravitreal conbercept (IVC) treatment in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) eyes with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods: A total of 55 treatment-naïve PDR eyes were included in this retrospective study. Of these, 29 eyes were divided into a PRP group, and 26 eyes were divided into an IVC group based on the treatment they received. OCTA was performed to measure macular and papillary VD at each follow-up in both groups. Results: The macular VD for superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), choriocapillaris (CC) and papillary VD for radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) between the two groups demonstrated no significant difference at baseline and month 12 (p 〉 0.05). The paired t-test results showed that the macular VD for SCP, DCP, CC and papillary VD for the RPC at month 12 did not differ to the baseline in each group (p 〉 0.05). Conclusions: During the 12-month follow-up, there was no significant change of macular and papillary VD between the PRP and IVC treatment in PDR eyes. Additionally, compared to the baseline, there were no significant changes of macular and papillary VD after either the PRP or IVC treatment. Considering the decrease in VD as DR progress, both treatments have potential protection of macular and papillary VD loss in PDR.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194484
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Logical Resolving-Based Methodology for Efficient Reliability Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 15, No. 1 ( 2023-12-30), p. 85-
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 1 ( 2023-12-30), p. 85-
    Abstract: With the CMOS technology downscaling to the deep nanoscale, the aging effects of devices degrade circuit performance and even lead to functional failure. The stress analysis is critical to evaluate the influence of aging effects on digital circuits. Some related analytical work has recently focused on reliability-aware circuit analysis. Nevertheless, the aging dependence among different devices is not considered, which will induce errors of degradation evaluation in the digital circuit. In order to improve the accuracy of reliability-aware static timing analysis, an improved analytical method is proposed by employing logical resolving. Experimental results show that the proposed method has a better evaluation accuracy of aging path delay than traditional strategies. For aging timing evaluation on aging paths, excessive pessimism can be reduced by employing the proposed method. And, a 378× speedup is achieved while having a 0.56% relative error compared with precise SPICE simulation. Moreover, the circuit performance sacrifice of an aging-aware synthesis flow with the proposed method can be decreased. Due to the high efficiency and high accuracy, the proposed method can meet the speed demands of large-scale digital circuit reliability analysis while achieving transistor simulation accuracy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi15010085
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2620864-7
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Determination of Genetic Effects of LIPK and LIPJ Genes on Milk Fatty Acids in Dairy Cattle
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Genes Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2019-01-28), p. 86-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2019-01-28), p. 86-
    Abstract: In our previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) on milk fatty acids (FAs) in Chinese Holstein, we discovered 83 genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with milk FAs. Two of them were close to lipase family member K (LIPK) and lipase family member J (LIPJ), respectively. Hence, this study is a follow-up to verify whether the LIPK and LIPJ have significant genetic effects on milk FAs in dairy cattle. By re-sequencing the entire exons, and 3 kb of 5′ and 3′ flanking regions, two and seven SNPs were identified in LIPK and LIPJ, respectively, including a novel SNP, ss158213049726. With the Haploview 4.1 software, we found that five of the SNPs in LIPJ formed a haplotype block (D′ = 0.96 ~ 1.00). Single-locus association analyses revealed that each SNP in LIPK and LIPJ was significantly associated with at least one milk FA (p = 〈 1.00×10-4 ~ 4.88×10-2), and the haplotype-based association analyses showed significant genetic effects on nine milk FAs (p = 〈 1.00×10-4 ~ 3.98×10-2). Out of these SNPs, the missense mutation in LIPK gene, rs42774527, could change the protein secondary structure and function predicted by SOPMA, SIFT, and PROVEAN softwares. With the Genomatix software, we predicted that two SNPs, rs110322221 in LIPK and rs211373799 in LIPJ, altered the transcription factors binding sites (TFBSs), indicating their potential regulation on promoter activity of the genes. Furthermore, we found that both LIPK and LIPJ had relatively high expressions in the mammary gland. In conclusion, our research is the first to demonstrate that LIPK and LIPJ genes have significant associations with milk FAs, and the identified SNPs might be served as genetic markers to optimize breeding programs for milk FAs in dairy cattle. This research deserves in-depth verification.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes10020086
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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