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  • MDPI AG  (8)
  • Lee, Seung-Hwan  (8)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Altered Cortical Thickness-Based Individualized Structural Covariance Networks in Patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2020-06-13), p. 1846-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2020-06-13), p. 1846-
    Abstract: Structural covariance is described as coordinated variation in brain morphological features, such as cortical thickness and volume, among brain structures functionally or anatomically interconnected to one another. Structural covariance networks, based on graph theory, have been studied in mental disorders. This analysis can help in understanding the brain mechanisms of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. We investigated cortical thickness-based individualized structural covariance networks in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. T1-weighted magnetic resonance images were obtained from 39 patients with schizophrenia, 37 patients with bipolar disorder type I, and 32 healthy controls, and cortical thickness was analyzed via a surface-based morphometry analysis. The structural covariance of cortical thickness was calculated at the individual level, and covariance networks were analyzed based on graph theoretical indices: strength, clustering coefficient (CC), path length (PL) and efficiency. At the global level, both patient groups showed decreased strength, CC and efficiency, and increased PL, compared to healthy controls. In bipolar disorder, we found intermediate network measures among the groups. At the nodal level, schizophrenia patients showed decreased CCs in the left suborbital sulcus and the right superior frontal sulcus, compared to bipolar disorder patients. In addition, patient groups showed decreased CCs in the right insular cortex and the left superior occipital gyrus. Global-level network indices, including strength, CCs and efficiency, positively correlated, while PL negatively correlated, with the positive symptoms of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for patients with schizophrenia. The nodal-level CC of the right insular cortex positively correlated with the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, while that of the left superior occipital gyrus positively correlated with the Young Mania Rating Scale scores for bipolar disorder. Altered cortical structural networks were revealed in patients, and particularly, the prefrontal regions were more altered in schizophrenia. Furthermore, altered cortical structural networks in both patient groups correlated with core pathological symptoms, indicating that the insular cortex is more vulnerable in schizophrenia, and the superior occipital gyrus is more vulnerable in bipolar disorder. Our individualized structural covariance network indices might be promising biomarkers for the evaluation of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061846
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 2
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    Clinical Impact of Atypical Chest Pain and Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction from Prospective KAMIR-NIH Registry
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2020-02-12), p. 505-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2020-02-12), p. 505-
    Abstract: Atypical chest pain and diabetic autonomic neuropathy attract less clinical attention, leading to underdiagnosis and delayed treatment. To evaluate the long-term clinical impact of atypical chest pain and diabetes mellitus (DM), we categorized 11,159 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) from the Korea AMI-National Institutes of Health between November 2011 and December 2015 into four groups (atypical DM, atypical non-DM, typical DM, and typical non-DM). The primary endpoint was defined as patient-oriented composite endpoint (POCE) at 2 years including all-cause death, any myocardial infarction (MI), and any revascularization. Patients with atypical chest pain showed higher 2-year mortality than those with typical chest pain in both DM (29.5% vs. 11.4%, p 〈 0.0001) and non-DM (20.4% vs. 6.3%, p 〈 0.0001) groups. The atypical DM group had the highest risks of POCE (hazard ratio (HR) 1.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.48–2.10), all-cause death (HR 2.23, 95% CI 1.80–2.76) and any MI (HR 2.34, 95% CI 1.51–3.64) in the adjusted model. In conclusion, atypical chest pain was significantly associated with mortality in patients with AMI. Among four groups, the atypical DM group showed the worst clinical outcomes at 2 years. Application of rapid rule in/out AMI protocols would be beneficial to improve clinical outcomes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020505
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 3
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    Impact of Alcohol Dehydrogenase 7 Polymorphism and Alcohol Consumption on Risk of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Korean Case-Control Study
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 12, No. 14 ( 2023-07-13), p. 4653-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 14 ( 2023-07-13), p. 4653-
    Abstract: Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is closely associated with alcohol consumption and individual genetic susceptibility, such as single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). This study aimed to investigate the association of ADH7 SNPs with the risk of HNSCC. Methods: We analyzed ADH7 rs1573496C 〉 G, rs3737482T 〉 C, rs1154460G 〉 A, and rs284787T 〉 C SNPs in 250 patients with HNSCC and 322 controls in the Korean populations. Genotyping was conducted using the TaqMan assay. Linkage disequilibrium and haplotypes were analyzed. Results: The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the CT and CC genotypes of ADH7 rs3737482T 〉 C were 0.48 (0.29–0.78) and 0.69 (0.49–0.96), indicating a significantly decreased risk. In SNP of rs1154460G 〉 A, the OR and 95% CI of the AA genotype was 1.63 (1.11–2.40), showing a significant increase in the risk. Furthermore, SNPs of ADH7 rs3737482T 〉 C and ADH7 rs1154460G 〉 A exhibit synergistic interactions with alcohol composition on the risk of HNSCC. None of the haplotypes were associated with the risk of HNSCC. Conclusions: ADH7 rs3737482T 〉 C and rs1154460G 〉 A SNPs are associated with the risk of development of HNSCC in Koreans. They could serve as molecular biological markers to screen high-risk groups for HNSCC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144653
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 4
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    Prediction of Antidepressant Treatment Outcome Using Event-Related Potential in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Diagnostics Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2020-05-03), p. 276-
    Details
    In: Diagnostics, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2020-05-03), p. 276-
    Abstract: (1) Background: Prediction of treatment outcome has been one of the core objectives in clinical research of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). This study explored the possibility of event-related potential (ERP) markers to predict antidepressant treatment outcomes among MDD patients; (2) Methods: Fifty-two patients with MDD were recruited and evaluated through Hamilton depression (HAM-D), Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAM-A), and CORE. Patients underwent a battery of ERP measures including frontal alpha symmetry (FAA) in the low alpha band (8–10 Hz), mismatch negativity (MMN), and loudness-dependent auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP); (3) Results: During the eight weeks of study, 61% of patients achieved remission, and 77% showed successful treatment responsiveness. Patients with low FAA in F5/F6 demonstrated a significantly higher remission/response ratio and better treatment responsiveness (F (2.560, 117.755) = 3.84, p = 0.016) compared to patients with high FAA. In addition, greater FAA in F7/F8 EEG channels was significantly associated with greater melancholia scores (r = 0.34, p = 0.018). Other ERP markers lacked any significant effect; (4) Conclusions: Our results suggested low FAA (i.e., greater left frontal activity) could reflect a good treatment response in MDD patients. These findings support that FAA could be a promising index in understanding both MDD and melancholic subtype.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4418
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10050276
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662336-5
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  • 5
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    Effect of Lignin Plasticization on Physico-Mechanical Properties of Lignin/Poly(Lactic Acid) Composites
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Polymers Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2019-12-13), p. 2089-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2019-12-13), p. 2089-
    Abstract: Kraft lignin (KL) or plasticized KL (PKL)/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites, containing different lignin contents and with and without the coupling agent, were prepared in this study using twin-screw extrusion at 180 °C. Furthermore, ε-caprolactone and polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI) were used as a plasticizer of KL and a coupling agent to improve interfacial adhesion, respectively. It was found that lignin plasticization improved lignin dispersibility in the PLA matrix and increased the melt flow index due to decrease in melt viscosity. The tensile strength of KL or PKL/PLA composites was found to decrease as the content of KL and PKL increased in the absence of pMDI, and increased due to pMDI addition. The existence of KL and PKL in the composites decreased the thermal degradation rate against the temperature and increased char residue. Furthermore, the diffusion coefficient of water in the composites was also found to decrease due to KL or PKL addition.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym11122089
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 6
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    Effects of Variability in Blood Pressure, Glucose, and Cholesterol Concentrations, and Body Mass Index on End-Stage Renal Disease in the General Population of Korea
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 8, No. 5 ( 2019-05-27), p. 755-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 5 ( 2019-05-27), p. 755-
    Abstract: Aim: Metabolic parameters, such as blood pressure, glucose, lipid levels, and body weight, can interact with each other, and this clustering of metabolic risk factors is related to the progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The effect of variability in metabolic parameters on the risk of ESRD has not been studied previously. Methods: Using nationally representative data from the Korean National Health Insurance System, 8,199,135 participants who had undergone three or more health examinations between 2005 and 2012 were included in this analysis. Intraindividual variability in systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), and body mass index (BMI) was assessed by examining the coefficient of variation, variability independent of the mean, and average real variability. High variability was defined as the highest quartile of variability and low variability was defined as the lower three quartiles of variability. Results: Over a median (5–95%) of 7.1 (6.5–7.5) years of follow-up after the variability assessment period, 13,600 (1.7/1000 person-years) participants developed ESRD. For each metabolic parameter, an incrementally higher risk of ESRD was observed for higher variability quartiles compared with the lowest quartile. The risk of ESRD was 46% higher in the highest quartile of SBP variability, 47% higher in the highest quartile of FBG variability, 56% higher in the highest quartile of BMI variability, and 108% higher in the highest quartile of TC variability. Compared with the group with low variability for all four parameters, the group with high variability for all four parameters had a significantly higher risk for incident ESRD (hazard ratio (HR) 4.12; 95% CI 3.72–4.57). Conclusions: Variability in each metabolic parameter was an independent predictor of the development of ESRD among the general population. There was a composite effect of the variability in additional metabolic parameters on the risk of ESRD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050755
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 7
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    A Gene-Set Enrichment and Protein–Protein Interaction Network-Based GWAS with Regulatory SNPs Identifies Candidate Genes and Pathways Associated with Carcass Traits in Hanwoo Cattle
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Genes Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2020-03-16), p. 316-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2020-03-16), p. 316-
    Abstract: Non-synonymous SNPs and protein coding SNPs within the promoter region of genes (regulatory SNPs) might have a significant effect on carcass traits. Imputed sequence level data of 10,215 Hanwoo bulls, annotated and filtered to include only regulatory SNPs (450,062 SNPs), were used in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify loci associated with backfat thickness (BFT), carcass weight (CWT), eye muscle area (EMA), and marbling score (MS). A total of 15, 176, and 1 SNPs were found to be significantly associated (p 〈 1.11 × 10−7) with BFT, CWT, and EMA, respectively. The significant loci were BTA4 (CWT), BTA6 (CWT), BTA14 (CWT and EMA), and BTA19 (BFT). BayesR estimated that 1.1%~1.9% of the SNPs contributed to more than 0.01% of the phenotypic variance. So, the GWAS was complemented by a gene-set enrichment (GSEA) and protein–protein interaction network (PPIN) analysis in identifying the pathways affecting carcass traits. At p 〈 0.005 (~2,261 SNPs), 25 GO and 18 KEGG categories, including calcium signaling, cell proliferation, and folate biosynthesis, were found to be enriched through GSEA. The PPIN analysis showed enrichment for 81 candidate genes involved in various pathways, including the PI3K-AKT, calcium, and FoxO signaling pathways. Our finding provides insight into the effects of regulatory SNPs on carcass traits.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes11030316
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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  • 8
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    6.78-MHz, 50-W Wireless Power Supply Over a 60-cm Distance Using a GaN-Based Full-Bridge Inverter
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Energies Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2019-01-24), p. 371-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2019-01-24), p. 371-
    Abstract: An inductive wireless power transfer system is proposed as a power supply for an on-line monitoring system for an overhead catenary. Because of the high voltage (25 kVrms) applied to the catenary, galvanic isolation was required to supply power to the attached monitoring system. The proposed wireless power system was able to transmit 50 W over a distance of 60 cm at 6.78 MHz. Design methodologies for the transmitter and the receiver coils, 6.78-MHz GaN-based full-bridge inverter, and rectifier are proposed in this paper. Pareto optimality, a multi-objective optimization technique, was used to determine optimal solutions in terms of efficiency and copper usage. A 100-W, 6.78-MHz full-bridge inverter was developed using 100 V, 35 A, E-HEMT GaN MOSFETs. Because of the high operating frequency, two factors were considered in the design of the full-bridge inverter, (1) close placement of the gate driver and the switch to minimize parasitic inductance and the resulting fluctuation of the drive signal and (2) effective heat dissipation from the switches and gate drivers for a high power rating. In addition, a full-wave rectifier was built using Schottky barrier diodes with a reverse recovery time of a few tens of nano-seconds. The developed wireless power system was experimentally evaluated. The measured coil-to-coil efficiency was 77%, and the measured efficiencies of the inverter and the rectifier were 92% and 93%, respectively. The overall system efficiency was 57% for a transfer of 47 W. Finally, the dependences of the efficiency on the distance, operating frequency, and load were evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en12030371
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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