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  • MDPI AG  (10)
  • Lee, Seung Hun  (10)
  • 1
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    Lumican, an Exerkine, Protects against Skeletal Muscle Loss
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 17 ( 2022-09-02), p. 10031-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 17 ( 2022-09-02), p. 10031-
    Abstract: Exerkines are soluble factors secreted by exercised muscles, mimicking the effects of exercise in various organs, including the muscle itself. Lumican is reportedly secreted from muscles; however, its roles in skeletal muscle remain unknown. Herein, we found that lumican mRNA expression in the extensor digitorum longus was significantly higher in exercised mice than in unloading mice, and lumican stimulated myogenesis in vitro. Additionally, lumican knockdown significantly decreased muscle mass and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the muscle fiber in the gastrocnemius muscle of exercised mice. Lumican upregulated phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and a p38 inhibitor near completely blocked lumican-stimulated myogenesis. Inhibitors for integrin α2β1 and integrin ανβ3 also prevented lumican-stimulated myogenesis. Systemic lumican treatment, administered via the tail vein for 4 weeks, significantly increased relative muscle masses by 36.1% in ovariectomized mice. In addition, intramuscular lumican injection into unloaded muscles for 2 weeks significantly increased muscle mass by 8.5%. Both intravenous and intramuscular lumican treatment significantly increased muscle CSA. Our in vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that lumican is a muscle-secreted exerkine that affords protection against muscle loss by activating p38 MAPK via integrin receptors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710031
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
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    The Risk of Osteoporosis and Osteoporotic Fracture Following the Use of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Medical Treatment: An Analysis Using the OMOP CDM Database
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2021-05-10), p. 2044-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2021-05-10), p. 2044-
    Abstract: Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are at increased risk of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture. This study investigated whether IBS medication attenuated the rate of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture risk. We conducted a retrospective large-scale multicenter study across eight hospital databases encoded in the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) Common Data Model (CDM). The primary outcome was the incidence of osteoporosis, whereas secondary outcomes were osteoporotic fractures. After 1:4 matching, 24,723 IBS patients, 78,318 non-IBS patients, 427,640 non-IBS patients with IBS medication, and 827,954 non-IBS patients without IBS medication were selected. The risk of osteoporosis was significantly increased in the IBS group compared to the non-IBS group (hazard ratio (HR) 1.33; confidence interval (CI) 1.17~1.51). Even in patients who were not diagnosed with IBS, the risk of osteoporosis was significantly increased in those with IBS medication compared to those without (HR 1.77, CI 1.62~1.93). The risk of osteoporotic fracture was significantly increased in the IBS medication group (HR 1.69, CI 1.55~1.84). Patients exposed to IBS treatment even without IBS diagnosis were at increased risk of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture. Early diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis should be considered in patients who have received medication for IBS symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm10092044
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 3
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    The Relationship of Sitting Time and Physical Activity on the Quality of Life in Elderly People
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 4 ( 2021-02-04), p. 1459-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 4 ( 2021-02-04), p. 1459-
    Abstract: Few studies have shown the combined impact of sitting time and physical activity on quality of life in older people. This cross-sectional study, using data from the 2016–2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, examines the association between sitting time and physical activity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Korean adults aged ≥ 65 years. HRQoL was assessed using the EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D, three-level version). We divided subjects into groups based on sitting time and physical activity and analyzed the combined association of sitting time and physical activity with HRQoL. The association between longer sitting time (≥8 h) and HRQoL was analyzed using multiple logistic regression. In total, 4276 participants were included. Prolonged sitting time was associated with all of the EQ-5D dimensions: mobility (odds ratio [OR]: 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] : 1.22–1.68), self-care (OR: 1.65 [95% CI 1.25–2.17]), usual activities (OR: 2.07 [95% CI 1.69–2.52] ), pain/discomfort (OR: 1.57 [95% CI 1.34–1.84]), and anxiety/depression (OR: 1.49 [95% CI 1.17–1.91] ). The prolonged sitting time/inactive group had higher ORs for all the EQ-5D dimensions than the low sitting time/active group. Prolonged sitting time was associated with low HRQoL in elderly Korean adults; physical activity could weaken the negative influence of prolonged sitting time on HRQoL.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041459
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 4
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    Association of Work Patterns and Periodontitis Prevalence in Korean Adults Aged 50 Years or Older: A Nationwide Representative Study
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 17, No. 11 ( 2020-06-04), p. 4006-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 11 ( 2020-06-04), p. 4006-
    Abstract: This study analyzed the relationship between the work pattern and the prevalence of periodontitis. We analyzed the data of 3320 adults (1779 men, 1543 women) aged 51–80 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013–2015). The work pattern was divided into two groups (regular and irregular). The periodontal status was assessed using the community periodontal index. We observed a statistically significant difference in the association between work patterns and prevalence of periodontitis in Korean women aged over 50 years. For female workers with irregular work patterns, the prevalence of periodontitis was lower than that in workers with regular work patterns by 10.3% (40.3% vs. 30.0%, p = 0.011). The annual health examination rate was significantly higher in the irregular group than in the regular group (for men 77.9% vs. 73.5%; p 〈 0.001, for women 76.4% vs. 75.9%; p 〈 0.001). In female workers with irregular work patterns, the annual dental examination rate was significantly higher than that in workers with a regular work pattern by 7.7% (34.3% vs. 26.6%, p = 0.043). In conclusion we found a statistically significant difference between the work patterns and prevalence of periodontitis in Korean women aged over 50 years.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17114006
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 5
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    Understanding the Flame Retardant Mechanism of Intumescent Flame Retardant on Improving the Fire Safety of Rigid Polyurethane Foam
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Polymers Vol. 14, No. 22 ( 2022-11-14), p. 4904-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 22 ( 2022-11-14), p. 4904-
    Abstract: Combinations of multiple inorganic fillers have emerged as viable synergistic agents for boosting the flame retardancy of intumescent flame retardant (IFR) polymer materials. However, few studies on the effect of multiple inorganic fillers on the flame retardant behavior of rigid polyurethane (RPU) foam have been carried out. In this paper, a flame retardant combination of aluminum hydroxide (ATH) and traditional flame retardants ammonium polyphosphate (APP), pentaerythritol (PER), melamine cyanurate (MC), calcium carbonate (CC), and expandable graphite (EG) was incorporated into RPU foam to investigate the synergistic effects of the combination of multiple IFR materials on the thermal stability and fire resistance of RPU foam. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that 8 parts per hundred polyols by weight (php) filler concentrations were compatible with RPU foam and yielded an increased amount of char residue compared to the rest of the RPU samples. The flame retardancy of multiple fillers on intumescent flame retardant RPU foam was also investigated using cone calorimeter (CCTs) and limiting oxygen index (LOI) tests, which showed that RPU/IFR1 (APP/PER/MC/EG/CC/ATH) had the best flame retardant performance, with a low peak heat release rate (PHRR) of 82.12 kW/m2, total heat release rate (THR) of 15.15 MJ/m2, and high LOI value of 36%. Furthermore, char residue analysis revealed that the use of multiple fillers contributed to the generation of more intact and homogeneous char after combustion, which led to reduced decomposition of the RPU foam and hindered heat transfer between the gas and condensed phases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym14224904
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 6
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    Development of Optimized Feed for Lipid Gain in Zophobas morio (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Larvae
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Animals Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2023-06-12), p. 1958-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2023-06-12), p. 1958-
    Abstract: Super mealworm Zophobas morio (Coleoptera: Tenbrionidea) larvae (ZML) are being investigated as potential candidates for biodiesel production. Several studies have revealed that the crude fat content of ZML can be enhanced by increasing the feed consumed. We aimed to develop an optimized ZML feed that enhances the lipid gain using 10 different ingredients. The results revealed that the highest lipid content was observed in ZML fed food waste (FW). Furthermore, we found that the weight gain of ZML improved when fed fermented FW using three selected microorganisms (3M), Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Pediococcus acidilactici. We also analyzed the effects of preservatives on the weight gain of ZML, and the results revealed that ZML fed 5-day 3M-fermented FW (FFW) containing 0.05% sorbic acid exhibited the highest weight gain. Based on these findings, we produced solid FFW containing 0.05% sorbic acid using 5% agar and established a manufacturing process. Body composition analysis revealed that the lipid content of the ZML fed manufactured feed was higher than that of the ZML fed wheat bran. Therefore, this study suggests that solid FFW containing 0.05% sorbic acid should be used as a commercial feed for ZML breeding to enhance lipid gain, making it an economical substrate for raw biodiesel production.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani13121958
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
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  • 7
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    Effects of Primary Aldosteronism and Different Therapeutic Modalities on Glucose Metabolism
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 8, No. 12 ( 2019-12-12), p. 2194-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 12 ( 2019-12-12), p. 2194-
    Abstract: Despite findings that aldosterone impairs glucose metabolism, studies concerning the effect of primary aldosteronism (PA) and its treatment on glucose metabolism are controversial. We aimed to determine glucose metabolism in PA and the effect of the treatment modality. We compared glucose metabolism between PA patients (N = 286) and age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched controls (N = 816), and the changes in glucose metabolism depending on the treatment modality (adrenalectomy vs. spironolactone treatment). Hyperglycemia including diabetes mellitus (DM; 19.6% vs. 13.1%, p = 0.011) was more frequent in PA patients. Hyperglycemia was also more frequent in PA patients without subclinical hypercortisolism (SH: p 〈 0.001) and in those regardless of hypokalemia (p 〈 0.001–0.001). PA patients and PA patients without SH had higher DM risk (odds ratio (OR); 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.63; 1.11–2.39 and 1.65; 1.08–2.51, respectively) after adjusting confounders. In PA patients, there was significant decrease in the DM prevalence (21.3% to 16.7%, p = 0.004) and fasting plasma glucose (p = 0.006) after adrenalectomy. However, there was no significant change in them after spironolactone treatment. Adrenalectomy was associated with more improved glucose status than spironolactone treatment (OR; 95% CI: 2.07; 1.10–3.90). Glucose metabolism was impaired in PA, regardless of hypokalemia and SH status, and was improved by adrenalectomy, but not spironolactone treatment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122194
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 8
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    Incidence, Predictive Factors and Long-Term Clinical Impact of Left Ventricular Remodeling According to the Completeness of Revascularization in Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Multivessel Disease
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 11, No. 21 ( 2022-10-23), p. 6252-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 21 ( 2022-10-23), p. 6252-
    Abstract: In this study, we identified several factors related to left ventricular remodeling (LVR) and examined the impact of LVR on the prognosis of patients with ST-elevated myocardial infarction and multivessel disease treated with complete (CR) or incomplete (IR) revascularization. LVR was defined as an LV end-diastolic diameter 〉 55 mm. A total of 262 patients without LVR at presentation were followed up with echocardiography between 1 month and 1 year. The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause death (AD), MI, and heart failure (HF), referred to as a major adverse cardiovascular endpoint (MACE). Then, each variable was analyzed as a secondary outcome. Follow-up echocardiography identified 26 patients (9.9%) with LVR. LVR was associated with an initial LV ejection fraction 〈 50%, Killip 3 disease at presentation, and a peak troponin I level 〉 70 mg/dL. Survival analysis showed an association between LVR and adverse outcomes only in the IR group, in which the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) was increased for the MACE (HR = 3.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.19–8.71, p = 0.002) and HF (HR = 21.37, 95% CI = 4.47–102.09, p 〈 0.001), but not for the CR group. In STEMI with MVD, LVR within the first year after percutaneous coronary intervention was associated with worse outcomes in the IR but not the CR group.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216252
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 9
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    Effect of Feed Containing Hermetia illucens Larvae Immunized by Lactobacillus plantarum Injection on the Growth and Immunity of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Insects Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2021-09-07), p. 801-
    Details
    In: Insects, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2021-09-07), p. 801-
    Abstract: We investigated the effects of a feed containing Hermetia illucens larvae injected with bacteria on the growth and immunity of Oncorhynchus mykiss. The feed was prepared by replacing fishmeal in feed with 25 and 50% nonimmunized (HIL25, HIL50) or immunized HIL (ImHIL25, ImHIL50), and its protein:fat:carbohydrate ratio was 45:15:18. ImHIL extracts showed inhibitory activity against fish pathogenic bacteria. Both red blood cell count and insulin-like growth factor-1 as the growth indicator were the highest among the groups at week 6 after feeding in the ImHIL50 group. As immune indicators, blood aspartate aminotransferase levels were lower in the ImHIL25 and ImHIL50 groups than in that of other groups at week 6 after feeding, and lysozyme content was significantly higher in ImHIL25 and ImHIL50. The above results demonstrate that ImHIL has a beneficial effect on the improvement of growth and immunity. Accordingly, we suggest that ImHIL has the potential to be a good feed source in aquaculture.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4450
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/insects12090801
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662247-6
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  • 10
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    Greater Efficacy of Black Ginseng (CJ EnerG) over Red Ginseng against Lethal Influenza A Virus Infection
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2019-08-13), p. 1879-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2019-08-13), p. 1879-
    Abstract: Black ginseng (BG, CJ EnerG), prepared via nine repeated cycles of steaming and drying of fresh ginseng, contains more accessible acid polysaccharides and smaller and less polar ginsenosides than red ginseng (RG) processed only once. Because RG exhibits the ability to increase host protection against viral respiratory infections, we investigated the antiviral effects of BG. Mice were orally administered either BG or RG extract at 10 mg/kg bw daily for two weeks. Mice were then infected with a A(H1N1) pdm09 (A/California/04/2009) virus and fed extracts for an additional week. Untreated, infected mice were assigned to either the negative control, without treatments, or the positive control, treated with Tamiflu. Infected mice were monitored for 14 days to determine the survival rate. Lung tissues were evaluated for virus titer and by histological analyses. Cytokine levels were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Mice treated with BG displayed a 100% survival rate against infection, while mice treated with RG had a 50% survival rate. Further, mice treated with BG had fewer accumulated inflammatory cells in bronchioles following viral infection than did mice treated with RG. BG also enhanced the levels of GM-CSF and IL-10 during the early and late stages of infection, respectively, compared to RG. Thus, BG may be useful as an alternative antiviral adjuvant to modulate immune responses to influenza A virus.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu11081879
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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