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  • 1
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    Larval Gnathostomes and Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from a Local Market in Yangon City, Myanmar
    Korean Society for Parasitology ; 2020
    In:  The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol. 58, No. 6 ( 2020-12-29), p. 701-707
    Details
    In: The Korean Journal of Parasitology, Korean Society for Parasitology, Vol. 58, No. 6 ( 2020-12-29), p. 701-707
    Abstract: A survey was performed to investigate the infection status of zoonotic helminth larvae in fish from a local market of North Dagon District in Yangon City, Myanmar. A total of 486 fish in 13 species were collected 8 times from December 2015 to December 2019. All fish were transported under ice to a laboratory in Korea and examined for helminth larvae using artificial digestion method. Larval gnathostomes and metacercariae of more than 8 zoonotic trematode species, i.e., 〈 i 〉 Opisthorchis viverrini, Haplorchis taichui, H. pumilio, H. yokogawai, Centrocestus 〈 /i 〉 spp., 〈 i 〉 Stellantchasmus falcatus, Pygidiopsis cambodiensis 〈 /i 〉 , and 〈 i 〉 Procerovum 〈 /i 〉 sp., were detected. Larval gnathostomes were found in 58 (16.0%) out of 362 fish of 6 species, with mean intensity of 2.8 per fish infected. Metacercariae of 〈 i 〉 O. viverrini 〈 /i 〉 were detected in 10 (2.9%) out of 349 fish of 5 species, with mean intensity of 16.9 per fish infected. Metacercarial prevalences of 4 intestinal flukes, 〈 i 〉 H. taichui, H. pumilio, H. yokogawai, 〈 /i 〉 and 〈 i 〉 Centrocestus 〈 /i 〉 spp., were 16.8%, 26.0%, 12.5%, and 15.0% in the positive fish species, respectively, and mean metacercarial intensity was 63.3, 26.8, 86.2, and 8.7 per fish infected. Metacercariae of 〈 i 〉 S. falcatus 〈 /i 〉 and 〈 i 〉 P. cambodiensis 〈 /i 〉 were detected only from the mullet, 〈 i 〉 Chelon macrolepis 〈 /i 〉 . Metacercariae of 〈 i 〉 Procerovum 〈 /i 〉 sp. were found in 〈 i 〉 Channa striata 〈 /i 〉 and 〈 i 〉 Anabas testudineus 〈 /i 〉 . Collectively, it was confirmed that the fish were infected with gnathostome larvae and metacercariae of 〈 i 〉 O. viverrini 〈 /i 〉 and intestinal flukes in Yangon City, Myanmar.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0023-4001 , 1738-0006
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2020.58.6.701
    Language: English
    Publisher: Korean Society for Parasitology
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 2
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    Detection of Gnathostoma spinigerum Advanced 3rd-Stage Larvae in the Chinese Edible Frog, Hoplobatrachus rugulosus, from Local Markets in Phnom Penh, Cambodia
    Korean Society for Parasitology ; 2021
    In:  The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol. 59, No. 5 ( 2021-10-22), p. 519-522
    Details
    In: The Korean Journal of Parasitology, Korean Society for Parasitology, Vol. 59, No. 5 ( 2021-10-22), p. 519-522
    Abstract: The Chinese edible frogs, Hoplobatrachus rugulosus (n=20), and the striped snakehead fish, Channa striata (n=34), were purchased from local markets in 3 administrative regions of Cambodia (Phnom Penh, Pursat, and Takeo Provinces) from May 2017 to April 2019, and their infection status with Gnathostoma sp. larvae was investigated. The frogs and fish were transported to the laboratory with ice and examined using the artificial digestion method. Advanced 3rd-stage larvae (AdL3) of Gnathostoma spinigerum, 24 in total number (1-6 larvae/frog), were detected from 6 (60.0%) out of 10 frogs purchased from Phnom Penh. No gnathostome larvae were detected in 10 frogs purchased from Takeo Province and 34 snakeheads from Phnom Penh, Pursat, and Takeo Provinces. AdL3 isolated from the frogs were 2.55- 3.90 mm long and 0.31-0.36 mm wide. They had a characteristic head bulb (0.081×0.191 mm in average size) with 4 rows of hooklets, a muscular long esophagus (0.950-1.230 mm long), and 2 pairs of cervical sacs (0.530-0.890 mm long). The average number of hooklets in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th rows was 41, 45, 48, and 51, respectively. These features were consistent with G. spinigerum AdL3. By the present study, it has been first confirmed that the Chinese edible frog, H. rugulosus, from Phnom Penh serves as a second intermediate host for G. spinigerum, although their intensity of infection was not so high compared to other previously reported localities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0023-4001 , 1738-0006
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2021.59.5.519
    Language: English
    Publisher: Korean Society for Parasitology
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 3
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    Morphological and Molecular Diagnosis of Necator americanus and Ancylostoma ceylanicum Recovered from Villagers in Northern Cambodia
    Korean Society for Parasitology ; 2020
    In:  The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol. 58, No. 6 ( 2020-12-29), p. 619-625
    Details
    In: The Korean Journal of Parasitology, Korean Society for Parasitology, Vol. 58, No. 6 ( 2020-12-29), p. 619-625
    Abstract: Human hookworm infections caused by adult 〈 i 〉 Ancylostoma 〈 /i 〉 spp. and 〈 i 〉 Necator americanus 〈 /i 〉 are one of the most important tropical diseases. We performed a survey of intestinal helminths using the Kato-Katz fecal examination technique targeting 1,156 villagers residing in 2 northern provinces (Preah Vihear and Stung Treng) of Cambodia in 2018. The results revealed a high overall egg positive rate of intestinal helminths (61.9%), and the egg positive rate of hookworms was 11.6%. Nine of the hookworm egg positive cases in Preah Vihear Province were treated with 5-10 mg/kg pyrantel pamoate followed by purging with magnesium salts, and a total of 65 adult hookworms were expelled in diarrheic stools. The adult hookworms were analyzed morphologically and molecularly to confirm the species. The morphologies of the buccal cavity and dorsal rays on the costa were observed with a light microscope, and the nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome 〈 i 〉 c 〈 /i 〉 oxidase subunit 1 ( 〈 i 〉 cox 〈 /i 〉 1) gene were analyzed. The majority of the hookworm adults (90.7%) were 〈 i 〉 N. americanus 〈 /i 〉 , whereas the remaining 9.3% were 〈 i 〉 Ancylostoma ceylanicum 〈 /i 〉 , a rare hookworm species infecting humans. The results revealed a high prevalence of hookworm infections among people in a northern part of Cambodia, suggesting the necessity of a sustained survey combined with control measures against hookworm infections.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0023-4001 , 1738-0006
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2020.58.6.619
    Language: English
    Publisher: Korean Society for Parasitology
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 4
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    Heterophyid trematodes recovered from people residing along the Boseong River, South Korea
    Elsevier BV ; 2015
    In:  Acta Tropica Vol. 148 ( 2015-08), p. 142-146
    Details
    In: Acta Tropica, Elsevier BV, Vol. 148 ( 2015-08), p. 142-146
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-706X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.04.025
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495527-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2709742-0
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  • 5
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    High endemicity of Opisthorchis viverrini infection among people in northern Cambodia confirmed by adult worm expulsion
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2023-06-14)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2023-06-14)
    Abstract: Opisthorchis viverrini infection is an emerging disease in Cambodia, especially in central and southeastern areas. However, its status in northern areas bordering Lao PDR has been relatively unknown. The present study was performed to investigate the status of O. viverrini infection among people in Preah Vihear and Stung Treng provinces through fecal examination to detect eggs and recovery of adult flukes from some of the egg-positive cases. Fecal examinations were performed on a total of 1101 people from 10 villages in the 2 provinces using the Kato-Katz thick smear technique. For recovery of adult flukes and other helminth parasites 10 volunteers positive for eggs of Opisthorchis viverrini and/or minute intestinal flukes (Ov/MIF), in Kampong Sangkae village, Preah Vihear province, were administered a single oral dose of 40 mg/kg praziquantel plus 5–10 mg/kg of pyrantel pamoate and purged with 40–50 g magnesium salts. Adult trematodes, together with nematodes and cestodes expelled in diarrheic stools were collected under a stereomicroscope or with the naked eye. The proportion of egg-positive cases for overall liver and intestinal helminths was high but not notably different between the 2 provinces, 65.5% in Preah Vihear versus 64.7% in Stung Treng. The average proportion of Ov/MIF egg-positive cases was 59.8%. A total of 315 adult specimens of O. viverrini were recovered from the 10 volunteers (4–98 specimens per individual; mean, 32). A smaller number of Haplorchis taichui adults, an intestinal fluke, were found mixed-infected in 7 (103 specimens in total; 1–31 per individual; mean, 15) of the 10 volunteers. Adult specimens of hookworms, Enterobius vermicularis, Trichostrongylus sp., and a Taenia tapeworm strobila were recovered in some cases. Based on the results, it has been confirmed that the surveyed areas in Preah Vihear and Stung Treng provinces, Cambodia, are highly endemic areas of O. viverrini infection with a low-grade mixed infection with H. taichui .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36544-z
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3
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  • 6
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    Molecular Diagnosis of Taenia saginata Tapeworms from Two Residents of Northern Cambodia
    Korean Society for Parasitology ; 2020
    In:  The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol. 58, No. 2 ( 2020-04-30), p. 201-204
    Details
    In: The Korean Journal of Parasitology, Korean Society for Parasitology, Vol. 58, No. 2 ( 2020-04-30), p. 201-204
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Taenia saginata 〈 /i 〉 infection has seldom been reported in Cambodia. In this study, we performed a survey of intestinal parasites in 1,156 residents of Preah Vihear and Stung Treng Provinces in 2018. The results revealed that 26 (2.4%) cases were positive for Taenia spp. eggs. In order to obtain the strobilae of the tapeworms, 2 patients in Preah Vihear were treated with praziquantel and purged with magnesium salts. The proglottids expelled after the medication were morphologically and molecularly analyzed to determine the species. The main uterine lateral braches in gravid proglottids were 〉 15 in number suggesting that they are either 〈 i 〉 T. saginata 〈 /i 〉 or 〈 i 〉 Taenia asiatica 〈 /i 〉 . The sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 ( 〈 i 〉 cox1 〈 /i 〉 ) gene and 2 nuclear loci, elongation factor-1 alpha ( 〈 i 〉 ef1 〈 /i 〉 ) and ezrin-radixin-moesin-like protein ( 〈 i 〉 elp 〈 /i 〉 ), were identical to the sequences of 〈 i 〉 T. saginata 〈 /i 〉 available in GenBank but distant from 〈 i 〉 Taenia solium 〈 /i 〉 , 〈 i 〉 T. asiatica 〈 /i 〉 , and 〈 i 〉 T. saginata 〈 /i 〉 - 〈 i 〉 T. asiatica 〈 /i 〉 hybrid. This is the first report of the presence of 〈 i 〉 T. saginata 〈 /i 〉 in the northern part of Cambodia bordering Lao PDR based on a molecular confirmation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0023-4001 , 1738-0006
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2020.58.2.201
    Language: English
    Publisher: Korean Society for Parasitology
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 7
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    Occurrence of a Hybrid Between Taenia saginata and Taenia asiatica Tapeworms in Cambodia
    Korean Society for Parasitology ; 2021
    In:  The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol. 59, No. 2 ( 2021-04-22), p. 179-182
    Details
    In: The Korean Journal of Parasitology, Korean Society for Parasitology, Vol. 59, No. 2 ( 2021-04-22), p. 179-182
    Abstract: Human infection with 〈 i 〉 Taenia asiatica 〈 /i 〉 or a hybrid between 〈 i 〉 Taenia saginata 〈 i 〉 and 〈 i 〉 T. asiatica 〈 /i 〉 has not been reported in Cambodia. We detected for the first time a hybrid form between 〈 i 〉 T. saginata 〈 /i 〉 and 〈 i 〉 T. asiatica 〈 /i 〉 in Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia. An adult tapeworm specimen, i.e., 75 cm long strobila without scolex, was expelled from a 27-year-old man after praziquantel medication and purging. It was morphologically indistinguishable between 〈 i 〉 T. saginata 〈 /i 〉 and 〈 i 〉 T. asiatica 〈 /i 〉 . Several proglottids were molecularly analyzed to confirm the tapeworm species. The mitochondrial gene encoding cytochrome 〈 i 〉 c 〈 /i 〉 oxidase subunit 1 ( 〈 i 〉 cox 〈 /i 〉 1) and nuclear genes encoding elongation factor-1α ( 〈 i 〉 ef1 〈 /i 〉 ) and ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM)-like protein ( 〈 i 〉 elp 〈 /i 〉 ) were sequenced, and a single-allele analysis was performed to confirm the haploid genotype. The results revealed that our sample showed a discrepancy between the mitochondrial and 2 nuclear genes. It possessed homozygous sequences typical of 〈 i 〉 T. saginata 〈 /i 〉 at 〈 i 〉 cox 〈 /i 〉 1 and 〈 i 〉 ef1 〈 /i 〉 loci. However, it was heterozygous at the 〈 i 〉 elp 〈 /i 〉 locus, with 1 allele in 〈 i 〉 T. asiatica (elpA) 〈 /i 〉 and 1 in 〈 i 〉 T. saginata (elpC 〈 /i 〉 ), which indicates that it is a hybrid between 〈 i 〉 T. saginata 〈 /i 〉 and 〈 i 〉 T. asiatica 〈 /i 〉 . The present results confirmed the presence of a hybrid between 〈 i 〉 T. saginata 〈 /i 〉 and 〈 i 〉 T. asiatica 〈 /i 〉 in Cambodia and strongly suggest the existence of also ‘pure’ 〈 i 〉 T. asiatica 〈 /i 〉 in Cambodia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0023-4001 , 1738-0006
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2021.59.2.179
    Language: English
    Publisher: Korean Society for Parasitology
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 8
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    Echinostoma mekongi: Discovery of Its Metacercarial Stage in Snails, Filopaludina martensi cambodjensis, in Pursat Province, Cambodia
    Korean Society for Parasitology ; 2021
    In:  The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol. 59, No. 1 ( 2021-02-19), p. 47-53
    Details
    In: The Korean Journal of Parasitology, Korean Society for Parasitology, Vol. 59, No. 1 ( 2021-02-19), p. 47-53
    Abstract: Echinostoma mekongi was reported as a new species in 2020 based on specimens collected from humans in Kratie and Takeo Province, Cambodia. In the present study, its metacercarial stage has been discovered in Filopaludina martensi cambodjensis snails purchased from a local market nearby the Tonle Sap Lake, Pursat Province, Cambodia. The metacercariae were fed orally to an experimental hamster, and adult flukes were recovered at day 20 post-infection. They were morphologically examined using light and scanning electron microscopes and molecularly analyzed by sequencing of their mitochondrial cox1 and nad1 genes. A total of 115 metacercariae (1-8 per snail) were detected in 60 (60.0%) out of 100 Filopaludina snails examined. The metacercariae were round, 174 µm in average diameter (163-190 µm in range), having a thin cyst wall, a head collar armed with 37 collar spines, and characteristic excretory granules. The adult flukes were elongated, ventrally curved, 7.3 (6.4-8.2)×1.4 (1.1-1.7) mm in size, and equipped with 37 collar spines on the head collar (dorsal spines in 2 alternating rows), being consistent with E. mekongi. In phylogenetic analyses, the adult flukes showed 99.0-100% homology based on cox1 sequences and 98.9-99.7% homology based on nad1 sequences with E. mekongi. The results evidenced that F. martensi cambodjensis snails act as the second intermediate host of E. mekongi, and hamsters can be used as a suitable experimental definitive host. As local people favor to eat undercooked snails, these snails seem to be an important source of human infection with E. mekongi in Cambodia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0023-4001 , 1738-0006
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2021.59.1.47
    Language: English
    Publisher: Korean Society for Parasitology
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 9
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    Prevalence and Intensity of Opisthorchis viverrini Metacercarial Infection in Fish from Phnom Penh, Takeo, and Kandal Provinces, Cambodia
    Korean Society for Parasitology ; 2021
    In:  The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol. 59, No. 5 ( 2021-10-22), p. 531-536
    Details
    In: The Korean Journal of Parasitology, Korean Society for Parasitology, Vol. 59, No. 5 ( 2021-10-22), p. 531-536
    Abstract: The prevalence and intensity of Opisthorchis viverrini metacercariae (OvMc) were investigated in fish from 3 southern administrative regions along the Mekong River in Cambodia, i.e., Phnom Penh, Takeo, and Kandal Provinces from 2017 to 2020. A total of 295 freshwater fish (24 species) were transported to our laboratory with ice and examined using the artificial digestion method. In Phnom Penh, among 4 fish species positive for OvMc, 9 (23.7%) of 38 specimens examined were infected, and their intensity of infection averaged 4.3 metacercariae per infected fish. In Takeo Province, among 10 fish species positive for OvMc, 24 (38.1%) out of 63 fish examined were infected, and their intensity of infection was av. 14.4 metacercariae per infected fish. In particular, all of 3 Osteochilus schlegelii fish examined were infected, and their infection intensity was high, 34.7 metacercariae per fish. In Kandal Province, among 6 fish species positive for OvMc, 46 (90.2%) out of 51 specimens examined were infected, and their infection intensity was 24.0 metacercaraie per infected fish. All fish of Systomus orphoides (n=17), Barbonymus altus (n=14), and Rasbora aurotaenia (n=2) were infected, and their intensity of infection averaged 37.7, 21.6, and 18.5 metacercariae per fish, respectively. Metacercariae of Haplochis yokogawai, Haplorchis taichui, and Centrocestus formosanus were detected in fish from Takeo and Kandal Provinces. From these results, it has been confirmed that a variety of fish species from Phnom Penh, Takeo, and Kandal Provinces are commonly infected with OvMc, and preventive measures to avoid human O. viverrini infection should be performed in Cambodia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0023-4001 , 1738-0006
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2021.59.5.531
    Language: English
    Publisher: Korean Society for Parasitology
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 10
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    Molecular Diagnosis of Taenia saginata Tapeworm Infection in 2 Schoolchildren, Myanmar
    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ; 2018
    In:  Emerging Infectious Diseases Vol. 24, No. 6 ( 2018-06), p. 1156-1158
    Details
    In: Emerging Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Vol. 24, No. 6 ( 2018-06), p. 1156-1158
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1080-6040 , 1080-6059
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3201/eid2406.180217
    Language: English
    Publisher: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2004375-2
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