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  • 1
    In: JAMA Neurology, American Medical Association (AMA), Vol. 80, No. 3 ( 2023-03-01), p. 233-
    Abstract: International guidelines recommend avoiding intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in patients with ischemic stroke who have a recent intake of a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC). Objective To determine the risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) associated with use of IVT in patients with recent DOAC ingestion. Design, Setting, and Participants This international, multicenter, retrospective cohort study included 64 primary and comprehensive stroke centers across Europe, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand. Consecutive adult patients with ischemic stroke who received IVT (both with and without thrombectomy) were included. Patients whose last known DOAC ingestion was more than 48 hours before stroke onset were excluded. A total of 832 patients with recent DOAC use were compared with 32 375 controls without recent DOAC use. Data were collected from January 2008 to December 2021. Exposures Prior DOAC therapy (confirmed last ingestion within 48 hours prior to IVT) compared with no prior oral anticoagulation. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was sICH within 36 hours after IVT, defined as worsening of at least 4 points on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and attributed to radiologically evident intracranial hemorrhage. Outcomes were compared according to different selection strategies (DOAC-level measurements, DOAC reversal treatment, IVT with neither DOAC-level measurement nor idarucizumab). The association of sICH with DOAC plasma levels and very recent ingestions was explored in sensitivity analyses. Results Of 33 207 included patients, 14 458 (43.5%) were female, and the median (IQR) age was 73 (62-80) years. The median (IQR) National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 9 (5-16). Of the 832 patients taking DOAC, 252 (30.3%) received DOAC reversal before IVT (all idarucizumab), 225 (27.0%) had DOAC-level measurements, and 355 (42.7%) received IVT without measuring DOAC plasma levels or reversal treatment. The unadjusted rate of sICH was 2.5% (95% CI, 1.6-3.8) in patients taking DOACs compared with 4.1% (95% CI, 3.9-4.4) in control patients using no anticoagulants. Recent DOAC ingestion was associated with lower odds of sICH after IVT compared with no anticoagulation (adjusted odds ratio, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.36-0.92). This finding was consistent among the different selection strategies and in sensitivity analyses of patients with detectable plasma levels or very recent ingestion. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, there was insufficient evidence of excess harm associated with off-label IVT in selected patients after ischemic stroke with recent DOAC ingestion.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2168-6149
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2702023-X
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  • 2
    In: Liver International, Wiley, Vol. 33, No. 4 ( 2013-04), p. 586-594
    Abstract: The aim of this study was to reveal nationwide seroprevalence of HCV infection in South Korea by a large‐scale survey. Methods From January to December 2009, a total of 291 314 adults underwent health check‐up in 29 centres nationwide. The data concerning anti‐ HCV antibody and biochemical tests were obtained from all participants. Among subjects with positive anti‐ HCV , such data as HCV RNA , genotypes and treatment detail were additionally analysed. Results Using an estimated 2009 population of Korea, the age, sex and area‐adjusted anti‐ HCV positive rate was 0.78%. Anti‐ HCV prevalence in female patients (0.83%) was higher than that in male patients (0.75%). Gradual increase in anti‐ HCV positivity was observed, from 0.34% in those aged 20–29 years to 2.31% in those 〉 70 years. The age‐ and sex‐adjusted anti‐ HCV prevalence varied in different areas, being higher in Busan and Jeonnam (1.53–2.07%), mid‐level in Seoul and surrounding districts (0.50–0.61%) and lower in Jeju (0.23%). The comparative analysis of laboratory variables between anti‐ HCV (+) and anti‐ HCV (−) group revealed significantly higher levels of alanine aminotransferase and lower levels of serum lipids in anti‐ HCV (+) group. Among 1 718 anti‐ HCV positive subjects, serum HCV RNA was measured only in 478 people, of whom 268 (56.1%) patients had detectable HCV RNA in serum. Among 50 patients for whom assessment of response to antiviral therapy was feasible, overall sustained virological response was achieved in 84% of patients. Conclusion The prevalence of HCV infection is low in South Korea. Studies to analyse risk factors are warranted to reduce HCV infection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1478-3223 , 1478-3231
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2102783-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2124684-1
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  • 3
    In: Gut and Liver, The Editorial Office of Gut and Liver, Vol. 16, No. 6 ( 2022-11-15), p. 907-920
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1976-2283 , 2005-1212
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Editorial Office of Gut and Liver
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2399010-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2536214-8
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  • 4
    In: Stroke, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 54, No. 12 ( 2023-12), p. 3002-3011
    Abstract: There is limited information on the delivery of acute stroke therapies and secondary preventive measures and clinical outcomes over time in young adults with acute ischemic stroke. This study investigated whether advances in these treatments improved outcomes in this population. METHODS: Using a prospective multicenter stroke registry in Korea, young adults (aged 18–50 years) with acute ischemic stroke hospitalized between 2008 and 2019 were identified. The observation period was divided into 4 epochs: 2008 to 2010, 2011 to 2013, 2014 to 2016, and 2017 to 2019. Secular trends for patient characteristics, treatments, and outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 7050 eligible patients (mean age, 43.1; men, 71.9%) were registered. The mean age decreased from 43.6 to 42.9 years ( P trend =0.01). Current smoking decreased, whereas obesity increased. Other risk factors remained unchanged. Intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy rates increased over time from 2008 to 2010 to 2017 to 2019 (9.5%–13.8% and 3.2%–9.2%, respectively; P trend 〈 0.01). Door-to-needle time improved ( P trend 〈 .001), but onset-to-door and door-to-puncture times remained constant. Secondary prevention, including dual antiplatelets for noncardioembolic minor stroke (26.7%–47.0%), direct oral anticoagulants for atrial fibrillation (0.0%–56.2%), and statins for large artery atherosclerosis (76.1%–95.3%) increased ( P trend 〈 0.01). Outcome data were available from 2011. One-year mortality (2.5% in 2011–2013 and 2.3% in 2017–2019) and 3-month modified Rankin Scale scores 0 to 1 (68.3%–69.1%) and 0 to 2 (87.6%–86.2%) remained unchanged. The 1-year stroke recurrence rate increased (4.1%–5.5%; P trend =0.04), although the difference was not significant after adjusting for sex and age. CONCLUSIONS: Improvements in the delivery of acute stroke treatments did not necessarily lead to better outcomes in young adults with acute ischemic stroke over the past decade, indicating a need for further progress.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0039-2499 , 1524-4628
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 80381-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467823-8
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  • 5
    In: Journal of the American Heart Association, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2022-05-17)
    Abstract: Previous literature about the effect of heart rate on poststroke outcomes is limited. We attempted to elucidate (1) whether heart rate during the acute period of ischemic stroke predicts subsequent major clinical events, (2) which heart rate parameter is best for prediction, and (3) what is the estimated heart rate cutoff point for the primary outcome. Methods and Results Eight thousand thirty‐one patients with acute ischemic stroke who were hospitalized within 48 hours of onset were analyzed retrospectively. Heart rates between the 4th and 7th day after onset were collected and heart rate parameters including mean, time‐weighted average, maximum, and minimum heart rate were evaluated. The primary outcome was the composite of recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction, and mortality up to 1 year after stroke onset. All heart rate parameters were associated with the primary outcome ( P ’s 〈 0.001). Maximum heart rate had the highest predictive power. The estimated cutoff point for the primary outcome was 81 beats per minute for mean heart rate and 100 beats per minute for maximum heart rate. Patients with heart rates above these cutoff points had a higher risk of the primary outcome (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.80 [95% CI, 1.57–2.06] for maximum heart rate and 1.65 [95% CI, 1.45–1.89] for mean heart rate). The associations were replicated in a separate validation dataset (N=10 000). Conclusions These findings suggest that heart rate during the acute period of ischemic stroke is a predictor of major clinical events, and optimal heart rate control might be a target for preventing subsequent cardiovascular events.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2047-9980
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2653953-6
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  • 6
    In: Journal of the American Heart Association, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 12, No. 18 ( 2023-09-19)
    Abstract: It is unclear whether statin treatment could reduce the risk of early vascular events when baseline low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) levels are already low, at 〈 70 mg/dL, at the time of the index stroke. Methods and Results This study was an analysis of a prospective, multicenter, nationwide registry of consecutive patients with first‐ever acute ischemic stroke with baseline low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels 〈 70 mg/dL and without statin pretreatment. An inverse probabilities of treatment weights method was applied to control for imbalances in baseline characteristics. The primary outcome was a composite of stroke (either hemorrhagic or ischemic), myocardial infarction, and all‐cause death within 3 months. A total of 2850 patients (age, 69.5±13.4 years; men, 63.5%) were analyzed for this study. In‐hospital statin treatment was used for 74.2% of patients. The primary composite outcome within 3 months occurred in 21.5% of patients in the nonstatin group and 6.7% of patients in the statin group ( P 〈 0.001), but the rates of stroke (2.65% versus 2.33%), hemorrhagic stroke (0.16% versus 0.10%), and myocardial infarction (0.73% versus 0.19%) were not significantly different between the 2 groups. After inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis, the primary composite outcome was significantly reduced in patients with statin therapy (weighted hazard ratio [HR], 0.54 [95% CI, 0.42–0.69] ). However, statin treatment did not increase the risk of hemorrhagic stroke (weighted HR, 1.11 [95% CI, 0.10–12.28]). Conclusions Approximately three‐quarters of the patients with first‐ever ischemic stroke with baseline low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels 〈 70 mg/dL received in‐hospital statin treatment. Statin treatment, compared with no statin treatment, was significantly associated with a reduced risk of the 3‐month primary composite outcomes and all‐cause death but did not alter the rate of stroke recurrence.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2047-9980
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2653953-6
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  • 7
    In: Annals of Neurology, Wiley, Vol. 93, No. 4 ( 2023-04), p. 768-782
    Abstract: Heritability of stroke is assumed not to be low, especially in the young stroke population. However, most genetic studies have been performed in highly selected patients with typical clinical or neuroimaging characteristics. We investigated the prevalence of 15 Mendelian stroke genes and explored the relationships between variants and the clinical and neuroimaging characteristics in a large, unselected, young stroke population. Methods We enrolled patients aged ≤55 years with stroke or transient ischemic attack from a prospective, nationwide, multicenter stroke registry. We identified clinically relevant genetic variants (CRGVs) in 15 Mendelian stroke genes ( GLA , NOTCH3 , HTRA1 , RNF213 , ACVRL1 , ENG , CBS , TREX1 , ABCC6 , COL4A1 , FBN1 , NF1 , COL3A1 , MT‐TL1 , and APP ) using a customized, targeted next generation sequencing panel. Results Among 1,033 patients, 131 (12.7%) had 28 CRGVs, most frequently in RNF213 (n = 59), followed by ABCC6 ( n  = 53) and NOTCH3 (n = 15). The frequency of CRGVs differed by ischemic stroke subtypes ( p   〈  0.01): the highest in other determined etiology (20.1%), followed by large artery atherosclerosis (13.6%). It also differed between patients aged ≤35 years and those aged 51 to 55 years (17.1% vs 9.3%, p  = 0.02). Only 27.1% and 26.7% of patients with RNF213 and NOTCH3 variants had typical neuroimaging features of the corresponding disorders, respectively. Variants of uncertain significance (VUSs) were found in 15.4% patients. Interpretation CRGVs in 15 Mendelian stroke genes may not be uncommon in the young stroke population. The majority of patients with CRGVs did not have typical features of the corresponding monogenic disorders. Clinical implications of having CRGVs or VUSs should be explored. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:768–782
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0364-5134 , 1531-8249
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2037912-2
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  • 8
    In: Stroke, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 51, No. 1 ( 2020-01), p. 162-169
    Abstract: There is a paucity of information about the role of resting heart rate in the prediction of outcome events in patients with ischemic stroke with atrial fibrillation. We aimed to investigate the relationships between the level and variability of heart rate in the acute stroke period and stroke recurrence and mortality after acute ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. Methods— Acute patients with ischemic stroke who had atrial fibrillation and were hospitalized within 48 hours of stroke onset were identified from a multicenter prospective stroke registry database. The acute stroke period was divided into early (within 24 hours of hospitalization) and late (72 hours to 7 days from onset) stages, and data on heart rate in both stages were collected. Moreover, the level and variability of heart rate were assessed using mean values and coefficients of variation. Outcome events were prospectively monitored up to 1 year after the index stroke. Results— Among 2046 patients eligible for the early acute stage analysis, 102 (5.0%) had a stroke recurrence, and 440 (21.5%) died during the first year after stroke. A statistically significant nonlinear J-shaped association was observed between mean heart rate and mortality ( P 〈 0.04 for quadratic and overall effect) but not between mean heart rate and stroke recurrence ( P 〉 0.1 for quadratic and overall effect). The nonlinear and overall effects of the coefficients of variation of heart rate were not significant for all outcome variables. The same results were observed in the late acute stage analysis (n=1576). Conclusions— In patients with atrial fibrillation hospitalized for acute ischemic stroke, the mean heart rate during the acute stroke period was not associated with stroke recurrence but was associated with mortality (nonlinear, J-shaped association). The relationships between heart rate and outcomes were not observed with respect to heart rate variability.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0039-2499 , 1524-4628
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 80381-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467823-8
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  • 9
    In: Stroke, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 53, No. Suppl_1 ( 2022-02)
    Abstract: Introduction: Although the heritability of stroke might be higher in young-age stroke population, it is even uncertain how many of them has monogenic causes of stroke. We aimed to estimate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of 15 monogenic disorders associated with stroke in a large, unselected young-age stroke population Methods: From a prospective, nationwide, multicenter, acute stroke registry of consecutive patients admitted to 15 academic or regional stroke centers in Korea, we enrolled all patients aged 55 years or younger except those who refuse to participate in this study. We performed genetic analysis using a customized targeted next-generation sequencing panel ( GLA, NOTCH3, HTRA1, RNF213, ACVRL1, ENG, CBS, TREX1, ABCC6, COL4A1, FBN1, NF1, COL3A1, MT-TL1, and APP ) to find clinically relevant genetic variants, and reviewed clinical information of the patients. Results: Genetic analysis was performed in 1,033 patients (male 70.7%, mean age 45.8±7.9). Twenty-eight clinically relevant genetic variants were identified in 131 (12.7%) patients, and were found most frequently in RNF213 (59, 5.7%) followed by ABCC6 (53, 5.1%) and NOTCH3 (15, 1.5%). Genetic variants were more commonly observed in younger group than older group (17.1% vs. 9.3%, p=0.021), but were not different according to vascular risk factor burden. Patients with premature ( 〈 60y) family history of stroke had genetic variants more frequently than those with family history at ≥60y (23.7% vs. 11.4%, p=0.047). Typical neuroimaging abnormalities were observed in only 25% of patients with RNF213 variants and 27% of those with NOTCH3 variants. Variants of uncertain significance were found in 15.4%. Conclusion: Clinically relevant genetic variants were not uncommon than expected. We might have opportunities to improve our daily practice by genetic counseling patients and their families to reduce the future stroke.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0039-2499 , 1524-4628
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 80381-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467823-8
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  • 10
    In: Stroke, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 54, No. 1 ( 2023-01), p. 87-95
    Abstract: We aimed to evaluate covert brain infarction (CBI), frequently encountered during the diagnostic work-up of acute ischemic stroke, as a risk factor for stroke recurrence in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods: For this prospective cohort study, from patients with acute ischemic stroke hospitalized at 14 centers between 2017 and 2019, we enrolled AF patients without history of stroke or transient ischemic attack and divided them into the CBI (+) and CBI (−) groups. The 2 groups were compared regarding the 1-year cumulative incidence of recurrent ischemic stroke and all-cause mortality using the Fine and Gray subdistribution hazard model with nonstroke death as a competing risk and the Cox frailty model, respectively. Each CBI lesion was also categorized into either embolic-appearing (EA) or non-EA pattern CBI. Adjusted hazard ratios and 95% CIs of any CBI, EA pattern CBI only, non-EA pattern CBI only, and both CBIs were estimated. Results: Among 1383 first-ever stroke patients with AF, 578 patients (41.8%) had CBI. Of these 578 with CBI, EA pattern CBI only, non-EA pattern CBI only, and both CBIs were 61.8% (n=357), 21.8% (n=126), and 16.4% (n=95), respectively. The estimated 1-year cumulative incidence of recurrent ischemic stroke was 5.2% and 1.9% in the CBI (+) and CBI (−) groups, respectively ( P =0.001 by Gray test). CBI increased the risk of recurrent ischemic stroke (adjusted hazard ratio [95% CI], 2.91 [1.44–5.88] ) but did not the risk of all-cause mortality (1.32 [0.97–1.80]). The EA pattern CBI only and both CBIs elevated the risk of recurrent ischemic stroke (2.76 [1.32–5.77] and 5.39 [2.25–12.91], respectively), while the non-EA pattern only did not (1.44 [0.40–5.16] ). Conclusions: Our study suggests that AF patients with CBI might have increased risk of recurrent stroke. CBI could be considered when estimating the stroke risk in patients with AF.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0039-2499 , 1524-4628
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 80381-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467823-8
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