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  • MDPI AG  (14)
  • Kwon, Mi Jung  (14)
  • 1
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    Comparison of the Concordance of Allergic Diseases between Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins: A Cross-Sectional Study Using KoGES HTS Data
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Personalized Medicine Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2023-04-25), p. 721-
    Details
    In: Journal of Personalized Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2023-04-25), p. 721-
    Abstract: Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated that genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of allergic diseases. However, there is limited information on these factors in the Korean population. This study investigated the importance of genetic and environmental factors in allergic diseases, such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, allergic conjunctivitis, or atopic dermatitis, by comparing the disease incidence in Korean adult monozygotic and dizygotic twins. This cross-sectional study utilized data from 1296 twin pairs, including 1052 monozygotic and 244 dizygotic twins, aged over 20 years, from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (2005–2014). The study utilized binomial and multinomial logistic regression models to compute odds ratios of disease concordance. The concordance rate (92%) of the presence or absence of atopic dermatitis in monozygotic twins was slightly higher than that in dizygotic twins (90.2%), which only had a borderline significance (p = 0.090). The concordance rates of other allergic diseases within monozygotic twins were lower compared to dizygotic twins (asthma, 94.3% vs. 95.1%; allergic rhinitis, 77.5% vs. 78.7%; allergic conjunctivitis, 90.6% vs. 91.8%), of which the differences were not statistically significant. Monozygotic twins had a higher proportion of cases in which both siblings had allergic diseases than dizygotic twins (asthma, 1.1% vs. 0.0%; allergic rhinitis, 6.7% vs. 3.3%; atopic dermatitis, 2.9% vs. 0.0%; allergic conjunctivitis, 1.5% vs. 0.0%), of which the differences were also not statistically significant. In conclusion, our results appear to indicate the relative importance of environmental factors over genetic factor in the development of allergic diseases in Korean adult monozygotic twins.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jpm13050721
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662248-8
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  • 2
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    Comparison of the Coincidence of Osteoporosis, Fracture, Arthritis Histories, and DEXA T-Score between Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins: A Cross-Sectional Study Using KoGES HTS Data
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 14, No. 18 ( 2022-09-16), p. 3836-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 18 ( 2022-09-16), p. 3836-
    Abstract: We explored the genetic and environmental inter-relationships among osteoporosis, fracture, arthritis, and bone mineral density concordance in monozygotic twins compared to those in dizygotic twins. This cross-sectional research assessed data of 1032 monozygotic and 242 dizygotic twin pairs aged 〉 20 years included in the Healthy Twin Study data of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study between 2005 and 2014. Outcomes of interest included illness concordance and absolute differences in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) T-scores. We found comparable concordances of osteoporosis, fractures, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis between monozygotic and dizygotic twins. Medical histories of osteoporosis, fractures caused by accident or falling, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis were not distinct between monozygotic and dizygotic twins. Accidental fracture occurrence in both monozygotic twins showed significantly lower odds than that in dizygotic twins. Genetic influence on liability to fracture risk might thus be maintained. DEXA T-scores for bone mineral density indicated more comparable tendencies within monozygotic twin pairs than within dizygotic ones, suggesting the relative importance of genetic contribution to bone mineral density. The relative importance of genetic factors in bone mineral density is sustained between monozygotic twins; overt disease expression of osteoporosis, fractures, or arthritis may be affected by environmental factors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu14183836
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 3
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    Exploring the Link between Chronic Kidney Disease and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Longitudinal Follow-Up Study Using the Korean National Health Screening Cohort
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Biomedicines Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2023-06-01), p. 1606-
    Details
    In: Biomedicines, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2023-06-01), p. 1606-
    Abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are common chronic diseases in the elderly population. Although a relationship between CKD and the occurrence of AD has been proposed, previous research results have been disputed, and further investigation is necessary to confirm this relationship. In this longitudinal follow-up study, we examined data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort, consisting of 15,756 individuals with CKD and 63,024 matched controls aged ≥40 years who received health check-ups between 2002 and 2019. Overlap-weighted Cox proportional hazard regression models were exploited to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for the association between CKD and AD. During the monitoring period, individuals with CKD had a greater incidence of AD than those without CKD (15.80 versus 12.40 per 1000 person years). After accounting for various factors, CKD was significantly associated with a 1.14-fold increased likelihood of developing AD, with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 1.08 to 1.20. In subgroup analysis, this relationship persisted irrespective of age (≥70 or 〈 70), sex, income, smoking status, alcohol consumption, place of residence, or fasting blood glucose level. Additionally, the association between CKD and AD was still evident among patients who were overweight or obese, those with normal blood pressure or cholesterol levels, and those without any other health conditions or with a CCI score of ≥2. These results suggest that CKD could increase the probability of developing AD in the Korean adult population irrespective of demographic or lifestyle conditions. This may make it challenging to predict AD in patients with CKD, emphasizing the importance of frequent AD screening and management.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9059
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061606
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720867-9
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  • 4
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    Comparison of Concordance of Peptic Ulcer Disease, Non-Adenomatous Intestinal Polyp, and Gallstone Disease in Korean Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins: A Cross-Sectional Study
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 19 ( 2022-10-04), p. 12708-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 19 ( 2022-10-04), p. 12708-
    Abstract: Epidemiological studies have suggested the role of multiple genetic and environmental factors in the development of non-neoplastic gastrointestinal (GI) diseases; however, little information is available on these factors in the Korean population. Therefore, this cross-sectional study explored the effect of these factors by analyzing the concordance of several benign GI disorders in 525 monozygotic twins compared to that in 122 dizygotic twins aged 〉 20 years from the Healthy Twin Study data of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (2005–2014). Chi-square test, Wilcoxon rank-sum, and binomial and multinomial logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis. There was lack of concordance of gastric/duodenal ulcers and cholelithiasis/cholangitis between monozygotic twins compared to that in dizygotic twins, suggesting that environmental factors may mediate those concordant disease expressions in monozygotic twins. The concordance of intestinal polyps in monozygotic twins was 32% lower than that in dizygotic twins (p = 0.028), indicating that the effect of genetic factors on the risk for intestinal polyp development may be low. In conclusion, the lack or low concordance of several benign GI diseases between monozygotic and dizygotic twin groups suggests the relative importance of environmental factors, indicating that these are preventable diseases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912708
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 5
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    Comparison of the Concordance of Cardiometabolic Diseases and Physical and Laboratory Examination Findings between Monozygotic and Dizygotic Korean Adult Twins: A Cross-Sectional Study Using KoGES HTS Data
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 14, No. 22 ( 2022-11-15), p. 4834-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 22 ( 2022-11-15), p. 4834-
    Abstract: This study investigated the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) by comparing disease concordance in monozygotic and dizygotic twins. This cross-sectional study analyzed 1294 (1040 monozygotic and 254 dizygotic) twin pairs ( 〉 20 years) based on the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study data (2005–2014). The odds ratios of disease concordance were calculated using binomial and multinomial logistic regression models. The occurrence of CMDs (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, cerebral stroke, transient ischemic attack, and ischemic heart disease) and related physical and laboratory levels did not differ between the monozygotic and dizygotic twin groups. The odds for concordance of the presence/absence of CMDs and the likelihood of incident CMD within monozygotic twins were comparable to that of dizygotic twins. The absolute differences in hemoglobin A1c, insulin, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure were lower in monozygotic twins than in dizygotic twins. Absolute differences in fasting glucose and diastolic blood pressure did not differ between groups. Although baseline levels of several laboratory parameters related to CMD showed a strong likelihood of heritability in monozygotic twins, CMD phenotype appears to be largely affected by environmental factors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu14224834
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 6
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    Possible Association between the Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors and H2 Receptor Antagonists, and Esophageal Cancer: A Nested Case–Control Study Using a Korean National Health Screening Cohort
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Pharmaceuticals Vol. 15, No. 5 ( 2022-04-22), p. 517-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceuticals, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 5 ( 2022-04-22), p. 517-
    Abstract: Although safety concerns regarding proton pump inhibitor (PPI)/H2-receptor antagonists (H2RA) in the incident esophageal cancer have been raised, the Asian-based report is unclear. We investigated the estimated likelihood of incident esophageal cancer—its mortality depending on prior history of PPI/H2RA use—and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in Koreans. Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort data (2002–2015), a case–control study was retrospectively conducted, including 811 patients with incident esophageal cancer and 3244 controls matched with sex, age, income, and residence. Propensity score overlap weighting was adjusted to balance the baseline covariates. Overlap propensity score-weighted logistic regression analyses were assessed to determine associations of the prior exposure of PPI/H2RA (current vs. past) and the medication duration ( 〈 30-, 30–90-, vs. ≥90-days) with incident esophageal cancer and its mortality among the total participants or those with/without the GERD episodes, after adjusting for multiple covariates including PPI/H2RA. The current exposure to either PPI or H2RA showed higher odds for incident esophageal cancer than the nonuser group ([13.23; 95%CI 10.25–17.06] and [4.34; 95%CI 3.67–5.14] , respectively), especially in all adults over the age of 40 years without GERD. Both current and past exposures to PPI showed a decreased probability of mortality compared with those of the nonuser group ([0.62; 95%CI 0.45–0.86] and [0.41; 95%CI 0.25–0.67] , respectively). However, current or past exposure to H2RA harbored the mutually different likelihoods for mortality depending on the presence of GERD and old age. This study carefully speculates on the possible link between PPI/H2RA and incident esophageal cancer in the Korean population. Mortality appears to be affected by certain risk factors depending on drug types, exposure history, old age, and the presence of GERD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8247
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ph15050517
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2193542-7
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  • 7
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    Potential Cancer Risk in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Longitudinal Korean Population-Based Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Personalized Medicine Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2022-06-13), p. 965-
    Details
    In: Journal of Personalized Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2022-06-13), p. 965-
    Abstract: The potential link between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and cancer incidence needs to be validated due to inconsistent results between Asian and Western countries. We explored the long-term association of RA with the overall and organ-specific cancer incidence using nationwide population data. This longitudinal follow-up study (2002–2015) included 3070 patients with RA and 12,280 controls (1:4 propensity score-matched for sex, age, residence, and income) from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort database. A Cox proportional hazard model estimated the hazard ratio for malignancy following adjusting for covariates. Despite the similar overall cancer incidence between RA and control groups, differences in the incidence of organ-specific cancers were noted: the RA group had a 1.63-fold greater likelihood for lung cancer (95% confidence interval 1.11–2.40). In the sex-stratified subgroup analyses, the male RA patients exhibited higher odds of lung and thyroid cancer but a lower probability for colorectal cancer; no such associations were detected in either female patients with RA or age subgroups. In summary, the higher likelihood for lung cancer in Korean RA patients, especially thyroid and lung cancer in male RA patients, seems to be characteristic, which needs to be carefully monitored.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jpm12060965
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662248-8
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  • 8
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    Possible Incidental Parkinson’s Disease following Asthma: A Nested Case–Control Study in Korea
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Personalized Medicine Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2023-04-24), p. 718-
    Details
    In: Journal of Personalized Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2023-04-24), p. 718-
    Abstract: A connection between asthma and the occurrence of Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been suggested, but the findings have been contentious and require verification. In this nested case–control study using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service—Health Screening Cohort (2002–2019), which comprised 9029 participants with PD and 36,116 matched controls, we explored the relationship between asthma and incident PD. An overlap-weighted logistic regression model was used to measure the probability of asthma and PD. After adjusting for various covariates, we found that asthma was related to a 1.11-fold greater probability of PD (95% confidence interval: 1.06–1.16). A subgroup analysis showed that this effect was independent of age, sex, residential area, or alcohol consumption, and that it was still noticeable even among patients with a high income; those with a normal weight or obesity; those who were non-smokers or current smokers; and those with no history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, or anemia. Thus, these findings may indicate that asthma may slightly augment the likelihood of PD in the Korean adult population regardless of demographic or lifestyle factors, making it difficult to predict PD in asthma patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jpm13050718
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 9
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    Association between Statin Use and Gastric Cancer: A Nested Case-Control Study Using a National Health Screening Cohort in Korea
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Pharmaceuticals Vol. 14, No. 12 ( 2021-12-08), p. 1283-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceuticals, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 12 ( 2021-12-08), p. 1283-
    Abstract: Concerns about the hazards of statins on the development and mortality of stomach cancers remain controversial. Here, we investigated the likelihood of incident gastric cancers and related mortality depending on statin exposure, statin type, and the duration of use. This nested case–control-designed study was composed of 8798 patients who were diagnosed with gastric cancer and matched with 35,192 controls at a 1:4 ratio based on propensity scores of age, sex, residential area, and income from the Korean National Health Insurance Service—Health Screening Cohort database (2002–2015). Propensity score overlap weighting was adjusted to balance the baseline covariates. Overlap propensity score-weighted logistic regression analyses were assessed to determine associations of the prior use of statins (any statin, hydrophilic statins vs. lipophilic statins) with incident gastric cancer and its mortality depending on the medication duration ( 〈 180 days, 180–545 days, and 〉 545 days) after adjusting for multiple covariates. After adjustment, the use of any statin, hydrophilic statins, or lipophilic statins showed significant associations with lower odds for incident stomach cancer when used for a short-term period (180–545 days) (OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.81–0.86, p = 0.002; OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.66–0.92, p = 0.004; and OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.84–0.99, p = 0.039, respectively) compared to the control group. Hydrophilic statin use for 180–545 days was associated with 53% lower overall mortality (OR = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.29–0.77). In subgroup analyses, beneficial effects on both cancer development and mortality persisted in patients ≥65 years old, patients with normal blood pressure, and patients with high fasting glucose levels. There were no such associations with long-term statin use ( 〉 545 days). Thus, the current nationwide cohort study suggests that prior short-term statin use may have anti-gastric cancer benefits in elderly patients with hyperglycemia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8247
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ph14121283
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2193542-7
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 10
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    Changes in the Incidence Rates of Gastrointestinal Diseases Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic in South Korea: A Long-Term Perspective
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Personalized Medicine Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2022-07-14), p. 1144-
    Details
    In: Journal of Personalized Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2022-07-14), p. 1144-
    Abstract: We investigated whether the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, in conjunction with public health measures, influenced the incidence of gastrointestinal diseases according to age and sex during the pandemic. Changes in the monthly incidence rates (January 2018 to June 2021) of common gastrointestinal diseases were assessed using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service by comparing the data of two periods: before COVID-19 (January 2018–February 2020) and during COVID-19 (March 2020–June 2021). The Mann–Whitney U test and Levene’s test were used to compare the differences in the incidences before and during the pandemic. In the pandemic period, compared to in the pre-COVID-19 period, the incidence rates of ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, cholelithiasis, and esophageal reflux significantly increased, whereas those of infective enteritis and irritable bowel syndrome decreased, regardless of age or sex. There were no significant changes in the incidence rates of pancreatitis, acute appendicitis, liver cirrhosis, and hemorrhoids. No seasonal variations in gastrointestinal disease occurrence were observed. In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic may have had unprecedented and long-term impacts on the epidemiology of gastrointestinal disease. These changes may indicate a substantial future burden on healthcare resources during the recovery phase of the pandemic and thereafter.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jpm12071144
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
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