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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Food security status among grade 5 students in Nova Scotia, Canada and its association with health outcomes
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2015
    In:  Public Health Nutrition Vol. 18, No. 16 ( 2015-11), p. 2943-2951
    Details
    In: Public Health Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 18, No. 16 ( 2015-11), p. 2943-2951
    Abstract: Food security (FS) exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their needs. The present research sought to determine whether students from households experiencing moderate or severe food insecurity (FI) had poorer diet quality, higher body weights and poorer psychosocial outcomes than students from households classed as having high FS or marginal FI status. Design Population-based survey conducted in schools. Multiple regression analysis was used to explore associations between FS status (high FS; marginal, moderate, severe FI), dietary behaviours and intake, and health-related outcomes (body weight, quality of life, mood, peer relationships, externalizing problems). Setting Nova Scotia, Canada. Subjects Grade 5 students ( n 5853), aged 10–11 years, with complete information on FS status and student outcomes. Results In this sample, rates of household FS were 73·5 % (high FS), 8·3 % (marginal FI) 10·2 % (moderate FI) and 7·1 % (severe FI status). Students living in households experiencing moderate or severe FI had poorer diet quality, higher BMI and poorer psychosocial outcomes than students classed as having high FS or marginal FI. Conclusions These findings provide important evidence for policy makers on the prevalence of FI among families in Nova Scotia with grade 5 children and its relationship with childhood nutrition, psychosocial and quality of life factors, and weight status.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1368-9800 , 1475-2727
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1368980014001414
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Nutrition and body weights of Canadian children watching television and eating while watching television
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2009
    In:  Public Health Nutrition Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2009-12), p. 2457-2463
    Details
    In: Public Health Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2009-12), p. 2457-2463
    Abstract: To examine whether eating while watching television poses a risk for poor nutrition and excess body weight over and above that of time spent watching television. Design We analysed data of grade 5 students participating in a comprehensive population-based survey in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. This survey included the Harvard’s Youth Food Frequency Questionnaire, students’ height and weight measurements, and a parent survey. We applied multivariable linear and logistic random effects models to quantify the associations of watching television and eating while watching television with diet quality and body weight. Setting The province of Nova Scotia, Canada. Subjects Grade 5 students ( n 4966). Results Eating supper while watching television negatively affected the consumption of fruits and vegetables and overall diet quality. More frequent supper while watching television was associated with more soft drink consumption, a higher percentage energy intake from sugar out of total energy from carbohydrate, a higher percentage energy intake from fat, and a higher percentage energy intake from snack food. These associations appeared independent of time children spent watching television. Both watching television and eating while watching television were positively and independently associated with overweight. Conclusions Our observations suggest that both sedentary behaviours from time spent watching television as well as poor nutrition as a result of eating while watching television contribute to overweight in children. They justify current health promotion targeting time spent watching television and call for promotion of family meals as a means to avoid eating in front of the television.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1368-9800 , 1475-2727
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1368980009005564
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2009
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  • 3
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    Medication use in normal weight and overweight children in a nationally representative sample of Canadian children
    BMJ ; 2012
    In:  Archives of Disease in Childhood Vol. 97, No. 9 ( 2012-09), p. 842-847
    Details
    In: Archives of Disease in Childhood, BMJ, Vol. 97, No. 9 ( 2012-09), p. 842-847
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-9888 , 1468-2044
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2011-301195
    Language: English
    Publisher: BMJ
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481191-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cost analyses of obesity in Canada: scope, quality, and implications
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2013
    In:  Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2013), p. 3-
    Details
    In: Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2013), p. 3-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1478-7547
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/1478-7547-11-3
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 5
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    From "best practice" to "next practice": the effectiveness of school-based health promotion in improving healthy eating and physical activity and preventing childhood obesity
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2012
    In:  International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2012-12)
    Details
    In: International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2012-12)
    Abstract: In 2005, we reported on the success of Comprehensive School Health (CSH) in improving diets, activity levels, and body weights. The successful program was recognized as a "best practice" and has inspired the development of the Alberta Project Promoting active Living and healthy Eating (APPLE) Schools. The project includes 10 schools, most of which are located in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas. The present study examines the effectiveness of a CSH program adopted from a "best practice" example in another setting by evaluating temporal changes in diets, activity levels and body weight. Methods In 2008 and 2010, we surveyed grade 5 students from approximately 150 randomly selected schools from the Canadian province of Alberta and students from 10 APPLE Schools. Students completed the Harvard Youth/Adolescent Food Frequency Questionnaire, questions on physical activity, and had their height and weight measured. Multilevel regression methods were used to analyze changes in diets, activity levels, and body weight between 2008 and 2010. Results In 2010 relative to 2008, students attending APPLE Schools were eating more fruits and vegetables, consuming fewer calories, were more physically active and were less likely obese. These changes contrasted changes observed among students elsewhere in the province. Conclusions These findings provide evidence on the effectiveness of CSH in improving health behaviors. They show that an example of "best practice" may lead to success in another setting. Herewith the study provides the evidence that investments for broader program implementation based on "best practice" are justified.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1479-5868
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-9-27
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2134691-4
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    The importance of parental beliefs and support for pedometer-measured physical activity on school days and weekend days among Canadian children
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2013
    In:  BMC Public Health Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2013-12)
    Details
    In: BMC Public Health, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2013-12)
    Abstract: Parental influences are essential to the behaviours and physical activity of their children. Our study aimed to determine if parental beliefs and support are associated with children’s pedometer measured physical activity levels on school days and weekend days. Methods In the spring of 2009 and 2011, we analyzed cross-sectional data from 1,355 grade five students and parents in 30 schools in Alberta, Canada. Parents reported how much they care about exercising, how much they encourage their child to be physically active, and how frequently they engage in physical activities with their child. Physical activity was assessed from step counts obtained from time-stamped pedometers collected over nine consecutive days. Results Increased parental encouragement was positively associated with boys’ and girls’ physical activity on school days (Boys: beta = 1373, 95% CI: 606, 2139; Girls: beta = 632, 95% CI: 108, 1155) and girls’ physical activity on weekend days (beta = 997, 95% CI: 130, 1864). Increased parental care was positively associated with boys’ physical activity on weekend days (beta = 1381, 95% CI: 85, 2676). Increased parental support and engagement was associated with an additional 632–1381 steps/day for children in this study. Conclusions Parental care, encouragement and engagement are associated with physical activity levels of children 10–11 years of age. Policy makers and researchers should consider the importance of targeting parents when designing strategies to promote physical activity in children. This is particularly relevant to weekends and holidays when children’s activity levels are low.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1471-2458
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-1132
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2041338-5
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  • 7
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    Comparison of ICD code-based diagnosis of obesity with measured obesity in children and the implications for health care cost estimates
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2011
    In:  BMC Medical Research Methodology Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2011-12)
    Details
    In: BMC Medical Research Methodology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2011-12)
    Abstract: Administrative health databases are a valuable research tool to assess health care utilization at the population level. However, their use in obesity research limited due to the lack of data on body weight. A potential workaround is to use the ICD code of obesity to identify obese individuals. The objective of the current study was to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of an ICD code-based diagnosis of obesity from administrative health data relative to the gold standard measured BMI. Methods Linkage of a population-based survey with anthropometric measures in elementary school children in 2003 with longitudinal administrative health data (physician visits and hospital discharges 1992-2006) from the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. Measured obesity was defined based on the CDC cut-offs applied to the measured BMI. An ICD code-based diagnosis obesity was defined as one or more ICD-9 (278) or ICD-10 code (E66-E68) of obesity from a physician visit or a hospital stay. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated and health care cost estimates based on measured obesity and ICD-based obesity were compared. Results The sensitivity of an ICD code-based obesity diagnosis was 7.4% using ICD codes between 2002 and 2004. Those correctly identified had a higher BMI and had higher health care utilization and costs. Conclusions An ICD diagnosis of obesity in Canadian administrative health data grossly underestimates the true prevalence of childhood obesity and overestimates the health care cost differential between obese and non-obese children.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1471-2288
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/1471-2288-11-173
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2011
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  • 8
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    Involvement in home meal preparation is associated with food preference and self-efficacy among Canadian children
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2013
    In:  Public Health Nutrition Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2013-01), p. 108-112
    Details
    In: Public Health Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2013-01), p. 108-112
    Abstract: To examine the association between frequency of assisting with home meal preparation and fruit and vegetable preference and self-efficacy for making healthier food choices among grade 5 children in Alberta, Canada. Design A cross-sectional survey design was used. Children were asked how often they helped prepare food at home and rated their preference for twelve fruits and vegetables on a 3-point Likert-type scale. Self-efficacy was measured with six items on a 4-point Likert-type scale asking children their level of confidence in selecting and eating healthy foods at home and at school. Setting Schools ( n 151) located in Alberta, Canada. Subjects Grade 5 students ( n 3398). Results A large majority (83–93 %) of the study children reported helping in home meal preparation at least once monthly. Higher frequency of helping prepare and cook food at home was associated with higher fruit and vegetable preference and with higher self-efficacy for selecting and eating healthy foods. Conclusions Encouraging children to be more involved in home meal preparation could be an effective health promotion strategy. These findings suggest that the incorporation of activities teaching children how to prepare simple and healthy meals in health promotion programmes could potentially lead to improvement in dietary habits.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1368-9800 , 1475-2727
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1368980012001218
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016337-X
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  • 9
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    Diet quality and mental health in subsequent years among Canadian youth
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2012
    In:  Public Health Nutrition Vol. 15, No. 12 ( 2012-12), p. 2253-2258
    Details
    In: Public Health Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 15, No. 12 ( 2012-12), p. 2253-2258
    Abstract: To examine the association between diet quality and the diagnosis of an internalizing disorder in children and adolescents. Design A prospective study examining the relationship between diet quality and mental health. FFQ responses of 3757 children were used to calculate a composite score for diet quality and its four components: variety, adequacy, moderation and balance. Physicians’ diagnoses on internalizing disorders were obtained by linking the children's dietary information to administrative health data. Negative binomial regression models were used to examine the association between diet quality and diagnosis of an internalizing disorder. Setting The Canadian province of Nova Scotia. Subjects A provincially representative sample of grade 5 students (age 10–11 years). Results Diet quality was not found to be associated with internalizing disorder in a statistically significant manner (incidence rate ratio = 1·09; 95 % CI 0·73, 1·63). However, relative to children with little variety in their diets, children with greater variety in their diet had statistically significant lower rates of internalizing disorder in subsequent years (incidence rate ratio = 0·45; 95 % CI 0·25, 0·82). Conclusions These findings suggest the importance of variety in children's diet and opportunities in the prevention of adolescent depression and anxiety.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1368-9800 , 1475-2727
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1368980012000535
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016337-X
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Health behaviours and health-care utilization in Canadian schoolchildren
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2013
    In:  Public Health Nutrition Vol. 16, No. 2 ( 2013-02), p. 358-364
    Details
    In: Public Health Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 16, No. 2 ( 2013-02), p. 358-364
    Abstract: Poor nutritional habits and physical inactivity are two health behaviours believed to be linked with increasing rates of overweight and obesity in children. The objective of the present study was to determine whether children who reported healthier behaviours, specifically in relation to nutrition and physical activity, also had lower health-care utilization. Design Population-based cross-sectional study, linking survey data from the 2003 Children's Lifestyle and School Performance Study (CLASS) with Nova Scotia administrative health data. Health-care utilization was defined as both (i) the total physician costs and (ii) the number of physician visits, for each child from 2001 to 2006. Exposures were two indices of healthy eating, the Diet Quality Index and the Healthy Eating Index, and self-reported physical activity and screen time behaviours. Setting Elementary schools in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. Subjects Grade 5 students and their parents; of the 5200 students who participated in CLASS and completed surveys, 4380 (84 %) could be linked with information in the administrative data sets. Results The study found a relationship between both indices of healthy eating and a borderline significant trend towards lower health-care utilization in this population sample of children. No statistically significant relationships were seen for physical activity or screen time. Conclusions Both measures of diet quality produced similar results. The study suggests that healthy eating habits established in childhood may be associated with lower health-care utilization, although further research over a longer time frame is needed to demonstrate statistical significance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1368-9800 , 1475-2727
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1368980012002728
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016337-X
    SSG: 21
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