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  • 1
    In: Frontiers in Neurology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2022-8-5)
    Abstract: There is much uncertainty in endovascular treatment (EVT) decisions in patients with acute large vessel occlusion (LVO) and mild neurological deficits. Methods From a prospective, nationwide stroke registry, all patients with LVO and baseline NIHSS & lt;6 presenting within 24 h from the time last known well (LKW) were included. Early neurological deterioration (END) developed before EVT was prospectively collected as an increasing total NIHSS score ≥2 or any worsening of the NIHSS consciousness or motor subscores during hospitalization not related to EVT. Significant hemorrhage was defined as PH2 hemorrhagic transformation or hemorrhage at a remote site. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was prospectively collected at 3 months. Results Among 1,083 patients, 149 (14%) patients received EVT after a median of 5.9 [3.6–12.3] h after LKW. In propensity score-matched analyses, EVT was not associated with mRS 0-1 (matched OR 0.99 [0.63–1.54] ) but increased the risk of a significant hemorrhage (matched OR, 4.51 [1.59–12.80]). Extraneous END occurred in 207 (19%) patients after a median of 24.5 h [IQR, 13.5–41.9 h] after LKW (incidence rate, 1.41 [95% CI, 1.23–1.62] per 100 person-hours). END unrelated to EVT showed a tendency to modify the effectiveness of EVT (P-for-interaction, 0.08), which decreased the odds of having mRS 0–1 in mild LVO patients without END (adjusted OR, 0.63 [0.40–0.99] ). Conclusions The use of EVT in patients with acute LVO and low NIHSS scores may require the assessment of individual risks of early deterioration, hemorrhagic complications and expected benefit.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-2295
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2564214-5
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  • 2
    In: Stroke, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 54, No. Suppl_1 ( 2023-02)
    Abstract: Introduction: There is lack of knowledge on whether symptomatic steno-occlusion (SYSO), common in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), could increase the long-term risk of stroke recurrence in these patients. Methods: From a prospective cohort of patients with AIS and AF enrolled in 14 centers between Oct 2017 and Dec 2018, we identified patients who underwent MR angiography during hospitalization and completed 3-year follow-up including death during follow-up. SYSO was defined as (1) ≥ 50% stenosis or occlusion of cerebral arteries relevant to acute infarction or (2) any residual stenosis after endovascular treatment. Using cause-specific hazard models with non-stroke death as a competing risk, the risk of any recurrent stroke and recurrent ischemic stroke was estimated according to SYSO, respectively. Results: A total of 889 patients (mean age, 74.4 years; men, 54.6 %; median NIHSS, 6) were analyzed for this study. During the median 1096 days of follow-up, 152 any recurrent strokes, 142 recurrent ischemic strokes, and 208 deaths were observed. Patients with SYSO, compared to those without, were more likely to be older, be female, have hypertension, diabetes and history of stroke/TIA, and be on antiplatelets at discharge and were less likely to be on anticoagulants at discharge ( p 〈 .05). The cumulative incidence of recurrent stroke in patients with and without SYSO was 25.2% and 8.3% at 1 month, 33.1% and 9.9% at 1 year, and 41.8% and 13.1% at 3 years, respectively ( p 〈 .001). With adjusting age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, history of stroke/TIA, discharge antiplatelets, and discharge anticoagulants, SYSO increased the risk of any stroke recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]; 3.02 [2.18-4.20] ; p 〈 .001) and ischemic stroke recurrence (3.20 [2.28-4.51]; p 〈 .001). Conclusions: SYSO in AIS patients with AF substantially increased the risk of recurrent stroke by a 3-fold or more. Accordingly, SYSO should be considered in stratifying the risk of recurrence in AIS patients with AF.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0039-2499 , 1524-4628
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467823-8
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  • 3
    In: Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 16, No. 8 ( 2023-08), p. 554-565
    Abstract: Recent evidence suggests a correlation between modified Rankin Scale-based measures, an outcome measure commonly used in acute stroke trials, and mortality-based measures used by health agencies in the evaluation of hospital performance. We aimed to examine whether the 2 types of measures are interchangeable in relation to evaluation of hospital performance in acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: Five outcome measures, unfavorable functional outcome (3-month modified Rankin Scale score ≥2), death or dependency (3-month modified Rankin Scale score ≥3), 1-month mortality, 3-month mortality, and 1-year mortality, were collected for 8292 individuals who were hospitalized for acute ischemic stroke between January 2014 and May 2015 in 14 hospitals participating in the Clinical Research Collaboration for Stroke in Korea – National Institute of Health registry. Hierarchical regression models were used to calculate per-hospital risk-adjusted outcome rates for each measure. Hospitals were ranked and grouped based on the risk-adjusted outcome rates, and the correlations between the modified Rankin Scale-based and mortality-based ranking and their intermeasure reliability in categorizing hospital performance were analyzed. RESULTS: The comparison between the ranking based on the unfavorable functional outcome and that based on 1-year mortality resulted in a Spearman correlation coefficient of −0.29 and Kendall rank coefficient of −0.23, and the comparison of grouping based on these 2 types of ranks resulted in a weighted kappa of 0.123 for the grouping in the top 33%/middle 33%/bottom 33% and 0.25 for the grouping in the top 20%/middle 60%/bottom 20%, respectively. No significant correlation or similarity in grouping capacities were found between the rankings based on the functional outcome measures and those based on the mortality measures. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that regardless of clinical correlation at an individual patient level, functional outcome-based measures and mortality-based measures are not interchangeable in the evaluation of hospital performance in acute ischemic stroke.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1941-7713 , 1941-7705
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2453882-6
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  • 4
    In: Stroke, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 53, No. 9 ( 2022-09), p. 2976-2987
    Abstract: The expected growth of stroke burden in Korea in early 2000s led to the initiation of a government-funded clinical research project with the goal of development and implementation of national stroke guidelines. The CRCS-K (Clinical Research Collaboration for Stroke in Korea) began as a part of this project. For stroke epidemiology and quality of care research, the CRCS-K developed a multicenter, prospective, stroke registry and began collection of data in 2008. Now, about 100 000 cases have been registered at 17 university hospitals or regional stroke centers and about 200 articles have been published based on the registry experience. The analysis of the 10-year secular trends showed overall improvement of stroke care and outcomes and areas for improvement. This large-scale, high-quality dataset provides opportunities to explore and compare treatment disparities using the comparative effectiveness research methods, design and conduct a registry-based randomized clinical trial, connect the registry data with other data sources including the national claims data and neuroimaging or genetic data, and collaborate with other international researchers. An international stroke registry consortium may be a viable future direction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0039-2499 , 1524-4628
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467823-8
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  • 5
    In: JAMA Neurology, American Medical Association (AMA), Vol. 80, No. 3 ( 2023-03-01), p. 233-
    Abstract: International guidelines recommend avoiding intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in patients with ischemic stroke who have a recent intake of a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC). Objective To determine the risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) associated with use of IVT in patients with recent DOAC ingestion. Design, Setting, and Participants This international, multicenter, retrospective cohort study included 64 primary and comprehensive stroke centers across Europe, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand. Consecutive adult patients with ischemic stroke who received IVT (both with and without thrombectomy) were included. Patients whose last known DOAC ingestion was more than 48 hours before stroke onset were excluded. A total of 832 patients with recent DOAC use were compared with 32 375 controls without recent DOAC use. Data were collected from January 2008 to December 2021. Exposures Prior DOAC therapy (confirmed last ingestion within 48 hours prior to IVT) compared with no prior oral anticoagulation. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was sICH within 36 hours after IVT, defined as worsening of at least 4 points on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and attributed to radiologically evident intracranial hemorrhage. Outcomes were compared according to different selection strategies (DOAC-level measurements, DOAC reversal treatment, IVT with neither DOAC-level measurement nor idarucizumab). The association of sICH with DOAC plasma levels and very recent ingestions was explored in sensitivity analyses. Results Of 33 207 included patients, 14 458 (43.5%) were female, and the median (IQR) age was 73 (62-80) years. The median (IQR) National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 9 (5-16). Of the 832 patients taking DOAC, 252 (30.3%) received DOAC reversal before IVT (all idarucizumab), 225 (27.0%) had DOAC-level measurements, and 355 (42.7%) received IVT without measuring DOAC plasma levels or reversal treatment. The unadjusted rate of sICH was 2.5% (95% CI, 1.6-3.8) in patients taking DOACs compared with 4.1% (95% CI, 3.9-4.4) in control patients using no anticoagulants. Recent DOAC ingestion was associated with lower odds of sICH after IVT compared with no anticoagulation (adjusted odds ratio, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.36-0.92). This finding was consistent among the different selection strategies and in sensitivity analyses of patients with detectable plasma levels or very recent ingestion. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, there was insufficient evidence of excess harm associated with off-label IVT in selected patients after ischemic stroke with recent DOAC ingestion.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2168-6149
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 6
    In: Stroke, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 54, No. Suppl_1 ( 2023-02)
    Abstract: Introduction: Perfusion imaging (PI) could guide decision-making for endovascular treatment (EVT) of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, PI was underused even in the US before the pivotal EVT trials proved its usefulness in 2018. This study aimed to describe the secular trends of PI utilization and investigate the effectiveness of PI-based EVT in real-world practice. Methods: Using a prospective multicenter (n=17) stroke registry in South Korea, we identified patients with AIS who presented within 24 hours from onset between 2011 and 2021. The study period was divided into 3 epochs: 2011-2014, 2015-2017, and 2018-2021. The study population was divided into the early (arrival within 6 hours) and late window (6-24 hours) groups. Results: A total of 51,650 patients (15,654 patients in 2011-2014, 14,432 patients in 2015-2017, and 21,564 patients in 2018-2021) were analyzed. Utilization of PI decreased in the overall population and early window group ( P trend 〈 0.001); 43.3% and 54.1% in 2011-2014, 40.1% and 44.1% in 2015-2017, and 38.4% and 40.2% in 2018-2021, respectively; but increased in the late window group ( P trend 〈 0.001); 31.3% in 2011-2014, 35.7% in 2015-2017, and 36.5% in 2018-2021. Of 10,872 patients with anterior large-vessel occlusion (aLVO), the EVT rate was not different between patients with and without PI (48.7% vs. 46.6%, P =0.08) in the early window but higher in those with PI than without PI in the late window (29.8% vs. 18.7%, P 〈 0.001). The EVT outcome (3-month mRS 0-2) was not different between patients with and without PI in the early window (44.1% vs. 41.8%, P =0.21) and late window (38.4% vs. 39.2%, P =0.81). Propensity score analysis and instrumental variable analysis with PI rate per center as an instrument will be performed to adjust imbalances between patients with and without PI. Conclusion: Between 2011 and 2021 in South Korea, PI utilization has decreased in patients arriving within 6 hours from onset but has increased in those arriving between 6 and 24 hours. Among patients with aLVO, PI likely increased the EVT rate in the late window but did not in the early window. PI utilization did not seem to affect the EVT outcomes, but in-depth analysis is required.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0039-2499 , 1524-4628
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467823-8
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  • 7
    In: Neurology, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 94, No. 9 ( 2020-03-03), p. e978-e991
    Abstract: Stroke is a devastating and costly disease; however, there is a paucity of information on long-term costs and on how they differ according to 3-month modified Rankin scale (mRS) score, which is a primary outcome variable in acute stroke intervention trials. Methods We analyzed a prospective multicenter stroke registry (Clinical Research Collaboration for Stroke in Korea) database through linkage with claims data from the National Health Insurance Service with follow-up to December 2016. Healthcare expenditures were converted into daily cost individually, and annual and cumulative costs up to 5 years were estimated and compared according to the 3-month mRS score. Results Between January 2011 and November 2013, 11,136 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 68 years, and 58% were men. The median follow-up period was 3.9 years (range 0–5 years). Mean cumulative cost over 5 years was $117,576 (US dollars [USD]); the cost in the first year after stroke was the highest ($38,152 USD), which increased markedly from the cost a year before stroke ($8,718 USD). The mean 5-year cumulative costs differed significantly according to the 3-month mRS score ( p 〈 0.001); the costs for a 3-month mRS score of 0 or 5 were $53,578 and $257,486 USD, respectively. Three-month mRS score was an independent determinant of long-term costs after stroke. Conclusions We show that 3-month mRS score plays an important role in the prediction of long-term costs after stroke. Such estimates relating to 3-month mRS categories may be valuable when undertaking health economic evaluations related to stroke care.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-3878 , 1526-632X
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 8
    In: Stroke, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 52, No. Suppl_1 ( 2021-03)
    Abstract: Background: The significance of silent brain infarction (SBI) for stroke recurrence in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) has yet to be elucidated. This study aims to evaluate SBI as an independent predictor and which characteristics of SBI are associated with stroke recurrence in AIS patients with AF. Methods: A multicenter prospective cohort recruited AIS patients with non-valvular AF from 14 centers from Oct 2017 to Dec 2018, and followed for ischemic stroke recurrence, all types of stroke and TIA, and all-cause mortality. Three patient groups; stroke patients with prior stroke history (PS), first-ever stroke with SBI [F-SBI(+)] and first-ever stroke without SBI [F-SBI(-)] were compared with Cox frailty model according to predetermined covariates. SBI subtypes; embolic-appearing pattern (EAP) and non-EAP, and SBI characteristics; size, numbers, and vascular territory involvements were assessed. Results: A total of 978 AF-AIS patients [27.5% PS, 29.1% F-SBI(+), 43.4% F-SBI(-)] were followed for 365 [348-374] days (median). Incidence of ischemic stroke recurrence in F-SBI(+) was higher than F-SBI(-), however, there was no significant difference compared to PS (p=0.860). Adjusted hazards for ischemic stroke recurrence and all kinds of stroke and TIA in F-SBI(+) were shown to be elevated [HR 3.87 (95% CI 1.53-9.16) and 2.60 (1.21-5.56)], and similar to PS [4.20 (1.73-10.24) and 2.90 (1.36-6.18)] when compared to F-SBI(-), respectively. Despite irrelevance in non-EAP SBI, a 4-fold increase of hazards in EAP SBI was observed [4.07 (1.63-10.13)]. Other SBI characteristics were not associated with outcomes. SBI and SBI features did not increase all-cause mortality. Conclusions: SBI and specifically, EAP SBI elevated stroke recurrence in AF-AIS patients as much prior stroke has increased the risk. Considering SBI to predict recurrence is suggested likewise prior stroke history is scored in AF thromboembolic risk estimation tools.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0039-2499 , 1524-4628
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467823-8
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  • 9
    In: PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2020-2-14), p. e0228997-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1932-6203
    Language: English
    Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2267670-3
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  • 10
    In: Stroke, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 54, No. 1 ( 2023-01), p. 87-95
    Abstract: We aimed to evaluate covert brain infarction (CBI), frequently encountered during the diagnostic work-up of acute ischemic stroke, as a risk factor for stroke recurrence in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods: For this prospective cohort study, from patients with acute ischemic stroke hospitalized at 14 centers between 2017 and 2019, we enrolled AF patients without history of stroke or transient ischemic attack and divided them into the CBI (+) and CBI (−) groups. The 2 groups were compared regarding the 1-year cumulative incidence of recurrent ischemic stroke and all-cause mortality using the Fine and Gray subdistribution hazard model with nonstroke death as a competing risk and the Cox frailty model, respectively. Each CBI lesion was also categorized into either embolic-appearing (EA) or non-EA pattern CBI. Adjusted hazard ratios and 95% CIs of any CBI, EA pattern CBI only, non-EA pattern CBI only, and both CBIs were estimated. Results: Among 1383 first-ever stroke patients with AF, 578 patients (41.8%) had CBI. Of these 578 with CBI, EA pattern CBI only, non-EA pattern CBI only, and both CBIs were 61.8% (n=357), 21.8% (n=126), and 16.4% (n=95), respectively. The estimated 1-year cumulative incidence of recurrent ischemic stroke was 5.2% and 1.9% in the CBI (+) and CBI (−) groups, respectively ( P =0.001 by Gray test). CBI increased the risk of recurrent ischemic stroke (adjusted hazard ratio [95% CI], 2.91 [1.44–5.88] ) but did not the risk of all-cause mortality (1.32 [0.97–1.80]). The EA pattern CBI only and both CBIs elevated the risk of recurrent ischemic stroke (2.76 [1.32–5.77] and 5.39 [2.25–12.91], respectively), while the non-EA pattern only did not (1.44 [0.40–5.16] ). Conclusions: Our study suggests that AF patients with CBI might have increased risk of recurrent stroke. CBI could be considered when estimating the stroke risk in patients with AF.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0039-2499 , 1524-4628
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467823-8
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