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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Real-Time PCR Method for the Rapid Detection and Quantification of Pathogenic Staphylococcus Species Based on Novel Molecular Target Genes
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Foods Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2021-11-17), p. 2839-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2021-11-17), p. 2839-
    Abstract: Coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus is a foodborne pathogen considered one of the causes of food-related disease outbreaks. Like S. aureus, Staphylococcus capitis, Staphylococcus caprae, and S. epidermidis are opportunistic pathogens causing clinical infections and food contamination. The objective of our study was to develop a rapid, accurate, and monitoring technique to detect four Staphylococcus species in food. Four novel molecular targets (GntR family transcriptional regulator for S. aureus, phosphomannomutase for S. epidermidis, FAD-dependent urate hydroxylase for S. capitis, and Gram-positive signal peptide protein for S. caprae) were mined based on pan-genome analysis. Primers targeting molecular target genes showed 100% specificity for 100 non-target reference strains. The detection limit in pure cultures and artificially contaminated food samples was 102 colony-forming unit/mL for S. aureus, S. capitis, S. caprae, and S. epidermidis. Moreover, real-time polymerase chain reaction successfully detected strains isolated from various food matrices. Thus, our method allows an accurate and rapid monitoring of Staphylococcus species and may help control staphylococcal contamination of food.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods10112839
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparison of Real-Time PCR and Droplet Digital PCR for the Quantitative Detection of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Foods Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2022-05-03), p. 1331-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2022-05-03), p. 1331-
    Abstract: Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) is one of the newest and most promising tools providing absolute quantification of target DNA molecules. Despite its emerging applications in microorganisms, few studies reported its use for detecting lactic acid bacteria. This study evaluated the applicability of a ddPCR assay targeting molecular genes obtained from in silico analysis for detecting Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum, a bacterium mainly used as a starter or responsible for fermentation in food. The performance characteristics of a ddPCR were compared to those of a quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). To compare the linearity and sensitivity of a qPCR and ddPCR, the calibration curve for a qPCR and the regression curve for a ddPCR were obtained using genomic DNA [102–108 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL] extracted from a pure culture and spiked food sample. Both the qPCR and ddPCR assays exhibited good linearity with a high coefficient of determination in the pure culture and spiked food sample (R2 ≥ 0.996). The ddPCR showed a 10-fold lower limit of detection, suggesting that a ddPCR is more sensitive than a qPCR. However, a ddPCR has limitations in the absolute quantitation of high bacterial concentrations ( 〉 106 CFU/mL). In conclusion, a ddPCR can be a reliable method for detecting and quantifying lactic acid bacteria in food.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods11091331
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The accurate identification and quantification of six Enterococcus species using quantitative polymerase chain reaction based novel DNA markers
    Elsevier BV ; 2022
    In:  LWT Vol. 166 ( 2022-08), p. 113769-
    Details
    In: LWT, Elsevier BV, Vol. 166 ( 2022-08), p. 113769-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0023-6438
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113769
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1469139-5
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A novel cytokine consisting of the p40 and EBI3 subunits suppresses experimental autoimmune arthritis via reciprocal regulation of Th17 and Treg cells
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Cellular & Molecular Immunology Vol. 19, No. 1 ( 2022-01), p. 79-91
    Details
    In: Cellular & Molecular Immunology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 19, No. 1 ( 2022-01), p. 79-91
    Abstract: The interleukin (IL)-12 cytokine family is closely related to the development of T helper cells, which are responsible for autoimmune disease enhancement or suppression. IL-12 family members are generally heterodimers and share three α-subunits (p35, p19, and p28) and two β-subunits (p40 and EBI3). However, a β-sheet p40 homodimer has been shown to exist and antagonize IL-12 and IL-23 signaling 1 . Therefore, we assumed the existence of a p40-EBI3 heterodimer in nature and sought to investigate its role in immune regulation. Methods The presence of the p40-EBI3 heterodimer was confirmed by ELISA, immunoprecipitation, and western blotting. A p40-EBI3 vector and p40-EBI3-Fc protein were synthesized to confirm the immunological role of this protein in mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). The anti-inflammatory effects of p40-EBI3 were analyzed with regard to clinical, histological, and immune cell-regulating features in mice with CIA. Results Clinical arthritis scores and the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-17, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) were significantly attenuated in p40-EBI3-overexpressing and p40-EBI3-Fc-treated mice with CIA compared to vehicle-treated mice with CIA. Structural joint damage and vessel formation-related gene expression were also reduced by p40-EBI3 heterodimer treatment. In vitro, the p40-EBI3-Fc protein significantly suppressed the differentiation of Th17 cells and reciprocally induced CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + (regulatory T) cells. p40-EBI3 also inhibited osteoclast formation in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion In this study, p40-EBI3 ameliorated proinflammatory conditions both in vivo and in vitro. We propose that p40-EBI3 is a novel anti-inflammatory cytokine involved in suppressing the immune response through the expansion of Treg cells and suppression of Th17 cells and osteoclastogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1672-7681 , 2042-0226
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00798-2
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2219471-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Chemical Characterization and Oxidative Stability of Medium- and Long-Chain Fatty Acid Profiles in Tree-Borne Seed Oils
    Hindawi Limited ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry Vol. 2018 ( 2018), p. 1-9
    Details
    In: Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2018 ( 2018), p. 1-9
    Abstract: This study was undertaken to evaluate chemical characteristics and oxidative stability of tree-borne seed oils. A total of 15 different fatty acids were identified in six tree-borne seed oils, which included seven types of saturated fatty acids, four types of monounsaturated fatty acids, and four types of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Japanese camphor tree (JCT) had a high content of medium-chain fatty acids (97.94 ± 0.04%), in which fatty acid composition was distinct from those of the other five plant seed oils. Overall, contents of tocopherols, a type of fat-soluble vitamin, ranged between 3.82 ± 0.04 mg/100 g and 101.98 ± 1.34 mg/100 g, respectively. Phytosterol contents ranged from 117.77 ± 1.32 mg/100 g to 479.45 ± 4.27 mg/100 g, respectively. Of all tree-borne seed oils, β -sitosterol was the phytosterol at the highest concentration. Contents of unsaponifiables were between 0.13 ± 0.08 and 2.01 ± 0.02, and values of acid, peroxide, and p -anisidine were between 0.79 ± 0.01 and 38.94 ± 0.24 mg KOH/g, 3.53 ± 0.21 and 127.67 ± 1.79 meq/kg, and 2.07 ± 0.51 and 9.67 ± 0.25, respectively. Oxidative stability of tree-borne seed oils was assessed through measurement of oxidation-induction periods. These results should serve as a foundation to identify the potential of tree-borne seed oils in industrial application as well as in providing fundamental data.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2090-8865 , 2090-8873
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2018/2178684
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2654178-6
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    IL-17 Induced Stromal Cell–Derived Factor-1 and Profibrotic Factor in Keloid-Derived Skin Fibroblasts via the STAT3 Pathway
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2020
    In:  Inflammation Vol. 43, No. 2 ( 2020-04), p. 664-672
    Details
    In: Inflammation, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 43, No. 2 ( 2020-04), p. 664-672
    Abstract: The pathogenesis of keloids has not been elucidated, and the disease is thought to be caused by abnormal secretion of proinflammatory mediators and irregular responses to other inflammatory signals mediated by keloid fibroblasts (KFs). In this study, we investigated whether a local increase in interleukin IL-17 in keloid tissues stimulates the production of stromal cell–derived factor-1 (SDF-1) in KFs causing further recruitment of IL-17-producing T helper 17 (Th17) cells, which subsequently creates a positive feedback loop. Histological assessment was performed and the change in the expression of IL-17, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α which of fibrosis and inflammation associated markers was examined. In addition, fibroblasts were treated with IL-17 in the presence or absence of STAT3 inhibitor STA-21; SDF-1 levels and fibrosis genes were measured. Our results showed that fibrotic reaction and expression of proinflammatory cytokines including IL-17 were most prominent in the growing margin (perilesional area) of keloid tissue and Th17 cells significantly infiltrated the perilesional area. In addition, IL-17 upregulated the expression of SDF-1, collagen, and α-SMA in KFs. Finally, STA-21 decreased SDF-1α expression and the expression of fibrosis genes in KFs even after IL-17 stimulation. Our study demonstrated that a local increase in IL-17 in keloid tissues stimulates the production of SDF-1 in KFs causing further recruitment of IL-17-producing T helper 17 (Th17) cells, which subsequently creates a positive feedback loop. These findings suggest that STAT3 inhibition can be used to treat keloid scars by reversing the vicious cycle between Th17 cells and KFs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0360-3997 , 1573-2576
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01148-1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2015610-8
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of Volatile Organic Chemicals in Chrysanthemum indicum Linné on Blood Pressure and Electroencephalogram
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Molecules Vol. 23, No. 8 ( 2018-08-17), p. 2063-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 8 ( 2018-08-17), p. 2063-
    Abstract: This study identified the volatile organic compounds in the essential oils that are extracted from Chrysanthemum indicum Linné (C. indicum Linné) and investigated the effects of the inhalation of these compounds. We detected a total of 41 volatile organic compounds, including 32 hydrocarbons, four acids, three alcohols, two ketones, and one aldehyde. In a sniffing test, seven types of volatile organic compounds were identified. Furthermore, the volatile organic compounds in C. indicum Linné that were identified were found to be derived from 1,8-cineole and camphor. After inhalation of the essential oils, the subjects’ systolic blood pressure and heart rate decreased. This indicates that inhalation of the essential oils extracted from C. indicum Linné provides mental and physical relaxation. We examined the changes in electroencephalogram findings that are observed after C. indicum Linné essential oil inhalation. An increase in theta and alpha waves, which usually appear during relaxation, as well as a decrease in beta and gamma waves, which appear during brain activity such as excessive attention, were noted. These results indicate that C. indicum Linné essential oil inhalation helps to reduce blood pressure and may provide mental and physical relaxation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules23082063
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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