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  • Kim, Cheol-Su  (3)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Unveiling the Dual Threat: How Microbial Infections and Healthcare Deficiencies Fuel Cervical and Prostate Cancer Deaths in Africa
    MDPI AG ; 2024
    In:  Pathogens Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2024-03-10), p. 243-
    Details
    In: Pathogens, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2024-03-10), p. 243-
    Abstract: Cervical and prostate cancer account for 7.1 and 7.3 deaths per 100,000 people globally in 2022. These rates increased significantly to 17.6 and 17.3 in Africa, respectively, making them the second and third leading cause of cancer deaths in Africa, only surpassed by breast cancer. The human papillomavirus is the prime risk factor for cervical cancer infection. On the other hand, prostate cancer risks include ageing, genetics, race, geography, and family history. However, these factors alone cannot account for the high mortality rate in Africa, which is more than twice the global mortality rate for the two cancers. We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science to select relevant articles using keywords related to microorganisms involved in cervical and prostate cancer and the impact of poor healthcare systems on the mortality rates of these two cancers in Africa by carrying out a detailed synopsis of the studies on microbial agents involved and the contributory factors to the deteriorating healthcare system in Africa. It became apparent that the developed countries come first in terms of the prevalence of cervical and prostate cancer. However, more people per capita in Africa die from these cancers as compared to other continents. Also, microbial infections (bacterial or viral), especially sexually transmitted infections, cause inflammation, which triggers the pathogenesis and progression of these cancers among the African population; this has been linked to the region’s deficient health infrastructure, making it difficult for people with microbial infections to access healthcare and hence making infection control and prevention challenging. Taken together, untreated microbial infections, primarily sexually transmitted infections due to the deficient healthcare systems in Africa, are responsible for the high mortality rate of cervical and prostate cancer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-0817
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13030243
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2695572-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Anti-Hyperglycemic Effect of Magnesium-Enhanced Alkaline-Reduced Water on High Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Processes Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2022-05-06), p. 919-
    Details
    In: Processes, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2022-05-06), p. 919-
    Abstract: Diabetes is coupled with hyperglycemia, a state in which elevated glucose levels trigger oxidative stress (OS) in various body functions. One of the organs most afflicted by diabetes is the kidney. Despite this, specific treatments to mitigate the harmful effects of hyperglycemia-induced OS in the kidney have not been extensively explored. This study evaluates the anti-hyperglycemic efficacy of magnesium-enhanced alkaline-reduced water (MARW) in human kidney-2 (HK-2) cells. OS, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and fibrosis markers were assessed in high glucose (HG)-induced HK-2 cells, followed by treatment with experimental water for 24 h. Surprisingly, MARW rescued the vitality of HG-induced HK-2 cells, in contrast to that seen with other experimental waters. Additionally, MARW maintained reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, hepatocyte growth factor and glucose uptake in HG-induced HK-2 cells but not in tap water and mineral water. Similarly, MARW downregulated the expression of MAPK and fibrosis-linked signaling proteins such as p-p38, phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase, α-smooth muscle actin, matrix metalloproteinase-3 and cleaved caspase 3 in HG-induced HK-2 cells. In conclusion, MARW protects HK-2 cells from the deleterious effects of HG by stabilizing antioxidant defenses and by signaling cascades related to metabolism, apoptosis and fibrosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9717
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pr10050919
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720994-5
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Diabetic Effects of Electrolyzed Weakly Alkaline Reduced Water on Renal Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Processes Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2022-10-07), p. 2025-
    Details
    In: Processes, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2022-10-07), p. 2025-
    Abstract: Diabetes, a chronic metabolic disorder, affects glucose consumption in the body and leads to severe kidney damage, known as diabetic nephropathy, where oxidative stress (OS) plays a vital role in disease pathogenesis. Electrolyzed weakly alkaline reduced water (EWARW) is known to have anti-oxidative functions in vitro due to its bioactive properties. However, there is an increasing need for adequate research on EWARW-specific therapies to minimize the negative consequences of hyperglycemia-induced OS in the kidney. This study aimed to determine the anti-oxidative and anti-diabetic effects of EWARW at pH 8.5 on human kidney-2 (HK-2) cells. Here, HK-2 cells were treated with 71.68 mM glucose to induce OS and then treated with 10% tap water (TW)_7.7, electrolyzed alkaline reduced water (EARW)_9.5, or EARW_8.5 for 24 h. After treatment, cell viability, OS and apoptotic markers, glucose uptake, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, and inflammatory markers were assessed to determine the effect of EARW_8.5. Our results revealed that EARW_8.5 rescued cell viability in comparison to the high glucose (HG) only and TW_7.7 groups. In addition, EARW_8.5 was effective in reducing OS markers (ROS, NO, and CAT), apoptotic markers (cleaved caspase-3), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) markers (p-JNK and p-p38), diabetic markers (glucose uptake), and inflammatory markers (p-STAT1, p-STAT3, IL-1β, and IL-6). Furthermore, we found EARW_8.5 treatment enhanced GPx and ATP content in HG-induced HK-2 cells compared to the HG-only and TW_7.7 groups. Collectively, EARW_8.5 stabilized antioxidant defenses and modulated inflammation, improving cellular metabolism and rescuing HG-induced harmful effects in HK-2 cells.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9717
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pr10102025
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720994-5
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