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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Research Development on Anti-Microbial and Antioxidant Properties of Camel Milk and Its Role as an Anti-Cancer and Anti-Hepatitis Agent
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2021-05-17), p. 788-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2021-05-17), p. 788-
    Abstract: Camel milk is a rich source of vitamin C, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), beta-caseins and milk whey proteins, including lactoferrin, lysozyme, lactoperoxidase, alpha-lactalbumin and immunoglobulin. The lactoferrin plays a key role in several physiological functions, such as conferring antioxidant, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory functions in cells. Similarly, the camel milk alpha-lactalbumin has shown greater antioxidative activity because of its higher antioxidant amino acid residues. The antioxidant properties of camel milk have also been ascribed to the structural conformation of its beta-caseins. Upon hydrolysis, the beta-caseins lead to some bioactive peptides having antioxidant activities. Consequently, the vitamin C in camel milk has a significant antioxidant effect and can be used as a source of vitamin C when the climate is harsh. Furthermore, the lysozyme and immunoglobulins in camel milk have anti-microbial and immune regulatory properties. The LAB isolated from camel milk have a protective role against both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Moreover, the LAB can be used as a probiotic and may restore the oxidative status caused by various pathogenic bacterial infections. Various diseases such as cancer and hepatitis have been associated with oxidative stress. Camel milk could increase antiproliferative effects and regulate antioxidant genes during cancer and hepatitis, hence ameliorating oxidative stress. In the current review, we have illustrated the anti-microbial and antioxidant properties of camel milk in detail. In addition, the anti-cancer and anti-hepatitis properties of camel milk have also been discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050788
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Overview of Research Development on the Role of NF-κB Signaling in Mastitis
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Animals Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2020-09-10), p. 1625-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2020-09-10), p. 1625-
    Abstract: Mastitis is the inflammation of the mammary gland. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are the most common bacteria responsible for mastitis. When mammary epithelial cells are infected by microorganisms, this activates an inflammatory response. The bacterial infection is recognized by innate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in the mammary epithelial cells, with the help of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Upon activation by lipopolysaccharides, a virulent agent of bacteria, the TLRs further trigger nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling to accelerate its pathogenesis. The NF-κB has an essential role in many biological processes, such as cell survival, immune response, inflammation and development. Therefore, the NF-κB signaling triggered by the TLRs then regulates the transcriptional expression of specific inflammatory mediators to initiate inflammation of the mammary epithelial cells. Thus, any aberrant regulation of NF-κB signaling may lead to many inflammatory diseases, including mastitis. Hence, the inhibiting of NF-κB signaling has potential therapeutic applications in mastitis control strategies. In this review, we highlighted the regulation and function of NF-κB signaling in mastitis. Furthermore, the role of NF-κB signaling for therapeutic purposes in mastitis control has been explored in the current review.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani10091625
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Association of DGAT1 With Cattle, Buffalo, Goat, and Sheep Milk and Meat Production Traits
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Veterinary Science Vol. 8 ( 2021-8-16)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 8 ( 2021-8-16)
    Abstract: Milk fatty acids are essential for many dairy product productions, while intramuscular fat (IMF) is associated with the quality of meat. The triacylglycerols (TAGs) are the major components of IMF and milk fat. Therefore, understanding the polymorphisms and genes linked to fat synthesis is important for animal production. Identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and genes associated with milk and meat production traits has been the objective of various mapping studies in the last decade. Consistently, the QTLs on chromosomes 14, 15, and 9 have been found to be associated with milk and meat production traits in cattle, goat, and buffalo and sheep, respectively. Diacylglycerol O -acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) gene has been reported on chromosomes 14, 15, and 9 in cattle, goat, and buffalo and sheep, respectively. Being a key role in fat metabolism and TAG synthesis, the DGAT1 has obtained considerable attention especially in animal milk production. In addition to milk production, DGAT1 has also been a subject of interest in animal meat production. Several polymorphisms have been documented in DGAT1 in various animal species including cattle, buffalo, goat, and sheep for their association with milk production traits. In addition, the DGAT1 has also been studied for their role in meat production traits in cattle, sheep, and goat. However, very limited studies have been conducted in cattle for association of DGAT1 with meat production traits in cattle. Moreover, not a single study reported the association of DGAT1 with meat production traits in buffalo; thus, further studies are warranted to fulfill this huge gap. Keeping in view the important role of DGAT1 in animal production, the current review article was designed to highlight the major development and new insights on DGAT1 effect on milk and meat production traits in cattle, buffalo, sheep, and goat. Moreover, we have also highlighted the possible future contributions of DGAT1 for the studied species.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2297-1769
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.712470
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2834243-4
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Role of the JAK-STAT Pathway in Bovine Mastitis and Milk Production
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Animals Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2020-11-13), p. 2107-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2020-11-13), p. 2107-
    Abstract: The cytokine-activated Janus kinase (JAK)—signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is a sequence of communications between proteins in a cell, and it is associated with various processes such as cell division, apoptosis, mammary gland development, lactation, anti-inflammation, and immunity. The pathway is involved in transferring information from receptors on the cell surface to the cell nucleus, resulting in the regulation of genes through transcription. The Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), signal transducer and activator of transcription A and B (STAT5 A & B), STAT1, and cytokine signaling suppressor 3 (SOCS3) are the key members of the JAK-STAT pathway. Interestingly, prolactin (Prl) also uses the JAK-STAT pathway to regulate milk production traits in dairy cattle. The activation of JAK2 and STATs genes has a critical role in milk production and mastitis resistance. The upregulation of SOCS3 in bovine mammary epithelial cells inhibits the activation of JAK2 and STATs genes, which promotes mastitis development and reduces the lactational performance of dairy cattle. In the current review, we highlight the recent development in the knowledge of JAK-STAT, which will enhance our ability to devise therapeutic strategies for bovine mastitis control. Furthermore, the review also explores the role of the JAK-STAT pathway in the regulation of milk production in dairy cattle.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani10112107
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Overview of the effect of rumen-protected limiting amino acids (methionine and lysine) and choline on the immunity, antioxidative, and inflammatory status of periparturient ruminants
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Immunology Vol. 13 ( 2023-1-12)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2023-1-12)
    Abstract: Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a well-known phenomenon experienced by ruminants, especially during the transition from late gestation to successful lactation. This overproduction of ROS may lead to oxidative stress (OS), which compromises the immune and anti-inflammatory systems of animals, thus predisposing them to health issues. Besides, during the periparturient period, metabolic stress is developed due to a negative energy balance, which is followed by excessive fat mobilization and poor production performance. Excessive lipolysis causes immune suppression, abnormal regulation of inflammation, and enhanced oxidative stress. Indeed, OS plays a key role in regulating the metabolic activity of various organs and the productivity of farm animals. For example, rapid fetal growth and the production of large amounts of colostrum and milk, as well as an increase in both maternal and fetal metabolism, result in increased ROS production and an increased need for micronutrients, including antioxidants, during the last trimester of pregnancy and at the start of lactation. Oxidative stress is generally neutralized by the natural antioxidant system in the body. However, in some special phases, such as the periparturient period, the animal’s natural antioxidant system is unable to cope with the situation. The effect of rumen-protected limiting amino acids and choline on the regulation of immunity, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory status and milk production performance, has been widely studied in ruminants. Thus, in the current review, we gathered and interpreted the data on this topic, especially during the perinatal and lactational stages.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-3224
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1042895
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606827-8
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Antioxidant Properties of Selenium and Vitamin E; Their Role in Periparturient Dairy Cattle Health Regulation
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2021-09-29), p. 1555-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2021-09-29), p. 1555-
    Abstract: Dairy cattle experience health risks during the periparturient period. The continuous overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the transition from late gestation to peak lactation leads to the development of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is usually considered the main contributor to several diseases such as retained placenta, fatty liver, ketosis, mastitis and metritis in periparturient dairy cattle. The oxidative stress is generally balanced by the naturally available antioxidant system in the body of dairy cattle. However, in some special conditions, such as the peripariparturient period, the natural antioxidant system of a body is not able to balance the ROS production. To cope with this situation, the antioxidants are supplied to the dairy cattle from external sources. Natural antioxidants such as selenium and vitamin E have been found to restore normal health by minimizing the harmful effects of excessive ROS production. The deficiencies of Se and vitamin E have been reported to be associated with various diseases in periparturient dairy cattle. Thus in the current review, we highlight the new insights into the Se and vitamin E supplementation as antioxidant agents in the health regulation of periparturient dairy cattle.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101555
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Role of Selenium and Vitamins E and B9 in the Alleviation of Bovine Mastitis during the Periparturient Period
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2022-03-29), p. 657-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2022-03-29), p. 657-
    Abstract: Mastitis (inflammation of the mammary gland) commonly occurs in dairy cattle during the periparturient period (transition period), in which dairy cattle experience physiological and hormonal changes and severe negative energy balance, followed by oxidative stress. To maintain successful lactation and combat negative energy balance (NEB), excessive fat mobilization occurs, leading to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excessive fat mobilization also increases the concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) during the periparturient period. In addition, the excessive utilization of oxygen by cellular respiration in the mammary causes abnormal production of oxidative stress (OS). OS impairs the immunity and anti-inflammatory efficiency of periparturient dairy cattle, increasing their susceptibility to mastitis. To alleviate oxidative stress and subsequent mastitis, antioxidants are supplemented to dairy cattle from an external source. Extensive studies have been conducted on the supplementation of selenium (Se) and vitamins E and B9 to mitigate mastitis during the transition period in dairy cattle. Altogether, in the current review, we discuss the research development on bovine mastitis and its major causes, with special emphasis on oxidative stress during the transition period. Moreover, we discuss the antioxidant, immunoregulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties of Se and vitamins E and B9 and their role in the control of bovine mastitis in periparturient dairy cattle.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040657
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of the Length of Oat Hay on Growth Performance, Health Status, Behavior Parameters and Rumen Fermentation of Holstein Female Calves
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Metabolites Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2021-12-20), p. 890-
    Details
    In: Metabolites, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2021-12-20), p. 890-
    Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the length of oat hay on the performance, health, behavior, and rumen fermentation of dairy calves. For this purpose, two hundred and ten healthy two-day-old Holstein dairy calves were randomly allocated into three groups: basic diet (calf starter) without hay (CON), or a basic diet with oat hay at either long (OL: 10–12 cm) or short (OS: 3–5 cm) length cut. The basic diet was fed from day 4, while the hay was offered from day 14. All calves were weaned at day 56 and remained in their individual hutches till the end of the trial (day 70). Calf starter intake and fecal scores were recorded daily. Bodyweight, body size, and rumen fluid samples were collected biweekly before weaning and weekly after weaning. Overall, providing oat hay (OS and OL) in the diet increased the body weight, starter intake, and average daily gain compared to the CON group. Similarly, feeding oat hay improved rumen fermentation. More specifically, hay enhanced the rumen pH and changed the rumen fermentation type. Hay fed calves spent more time on rumination but less time performing abnormal behaviors compared to control. As it can be concluded, feeding oat hay to calves enhances the growth performance, rumen fermentation, and normal calf behaviors, implying improved animal welfare irrespective of the hay length.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2218-1989
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120890
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662251-8
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Analysis of Nutrient Composition, Rumen Degradation Characteristics, and Feeding Value of Chinese Rye Grass, Barley Grass, and Naked Oat Straw
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Animals Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2021-08-24), p. 2486-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2021-08-24), p. 2486-
    Abstract: The current study was designed to investigate the chemical composition, rumen degradation characteristics, and feeding value of three roughages commonly used in Asia as ruminant feed, including Chinese rye grass (CRG), barley grass (BG), and naked oat straw (NO). Four Holstein Friesian cows equipped with permanent rumen fistulas were chosen for experimental trials in the current study. The nylon bag method was carried out to measure the crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Our analysis revealed that the contents of CP in the CRG (9.0%) and BG (8.9%) were higher than in the NO (5.94%). The contents of NDF in the CRG (64.97%) and NO (63.83%) were lower than in the BG (67.33%), and the content of ADF in the CRG (37.03%) was lower than in the BG (37.93%) and NO (38.28%). The ED values of DM in the NO and CRG were significantly higher (p 〈 0.001) than in the BG. The effective degradability (ED) values of NDF were the highest in the CRG and lowest in the NO (p 〈 0.001). In addition, the ED values of ADF were the highest in the CRG and lowest in the BG (p 〈 0.001). The ED value of CP in the CRG was significantly higher than that in the BG and NO (p 〈 0.001). The estimated total digestible nutrients (TDN) (54.56%) and DM degradation rate (DDM) (60.06%) of the CRG were higher than those of BG and NO. In addition, the expected DM intake (DMI), estimated relative feed value (RFV), and estimated relative feed quality (RFQ) of the BG were lower than those of the CRG and NO. Altogether, based on our findings, we concluded that the nutritional quality, feeding value and effective rumen degradation rate of CRG were better than of BG and NO.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani11092486
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Data_Sheet_2.PDF
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Microbiology Vol. 13 ( 2022-7-13)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Microbiology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2022-7-13)
    Abstract: A novel pre-treatment using corn steep liquor (CSL) and urea was developed to enhance the enzymatic saccharification and degradability of rice straw (RS). We used RS (1) without (Con) or with additives of (2) 5% urea (U), (3) 9% CSL and 2.5% urea (CU), and (4) 9% CSL and 5% urea (C5U). The result showed that the water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) conversion of RS reached 69.32% after C5U pre-treatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) confirmed that the surface of pre-treated RS exposed more cellulose and hemicellulose due to the disruption of the resistant structure of lignocellulose. Pre-treated RS significantly decreased neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents and increased crude protein (CP) content, microbial colonization, and induction of Carnobacterium and Staphylococcus attachment. Altogether, we concluded that pre-treatment of a combination of CSL and urea has the potential to improve the nutritive value of RS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-302X
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.916195
    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.916195.s001
    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.916195.s002
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2587354-4
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